• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 2000

The objectives of this study were to find out distribution of heavy metal contents in the soils of Hanam city and to provide base-line data towards development of an eco-city Hanam. One hundred surface soil (0-20 cm) samples were collected from rice paddy field, cultivated upland, forest, riverside and other areas. The samples were air-dried, sieved to pass through 2 mm sieves, followed by analyses for As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by the standard method set by the ministry of environment. All the average heavy metal contents were close to background level and were much lower than concern level of the Soil Environment Conservation Act of Korea. However, some individual heavy metal contents were higher than the action level. Since natural environment including soil environment of Hanam city is being destroyed rapidly and the number of the sampling points allocated to Hanam city based on the soil contamination monitoring network of the ministry of environment is only 6, an in-depth soil survey for contamination of Hanam city is highly recommended.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.170-173
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of municipal sludge application on the change of physico-chemical properties and contents of heavy metals in soils. The application of the sludge resulted in increasing the content of total nitrogen, available phosphate,exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and the soil porosity and permeability but soil hardness was reduce. It is clear that application of municipal sewage sludge would not due to increase in the heavy metals content in soil because of the lower concentration of heavy metal in the sludge. Totally it is evident that municipal sewage sludge application should play an important role in improving soil physico-chemical properties.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.372-382
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• 1996

In order to elucidate the relationship between the mobility of heavy metals in soil and their uptake by plants, the soil samples collected from the Mangyeong River area were analyzed for the contents and existing forms of the heavy metals and the correlation between the contents of heavy metals in the soil and those in various parts of rice plants therefrom. The soil samples were collectes from ten sites in the paddy fields in 1982 and 1990, respectively, and the analysis on heavy metals including Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb was performed. The results are as follows: Total contents of heavy metals in the samples of 1990 were higher than those of 1982. The extent of increase was that Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb were 3, 29, 59 and 8% in top soil and 8, 50, 91 and 8% in sub-soil, respectively. The order of increasing ratio was Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd and the variation of Cd content by sequentially different extraction was organically bound > dilute acid-extractable=Fe-Mn oxide bound > exchangeable > residual fractions and the content of Cd with organically bound was $46.62{\sim}48.08$ and $41.18{\sim}50.18%$ of total Cd in top and sub-soil, respectively. The ratios of immobile heavy metals, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn, bound within an oxide or silicate matrix of Fe-Mn oxide in top-soil were 21.25, 35.98, 74.18 and 82.12%, respectively, and consequently their mobile ratios of exchangeable, dilute acid-extractable and organically bound were more than 17.88%. Those of mobile Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were 78.25, 64.02, 25.82 and 17.88%, respectively. Except for Pb a correlation between the contents of Cd, Zn, and Cu of exchangeable and dilute acid-extractable in top-soil and those in leaf blade, stem and panicle axis was significant, but was not significant in sub-soil.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.336-344
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• 2009

This survey was carried out to estimate the contents of heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, and As) in 10 kinds of dried marine products (n=189) which are closely related to food resources. The contents of heavy metals were estimated by inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP) and mercury analyzer. The values of heavy metals in dried marine products were as follows (Mean${\pm}$SD (range), mg/kg). The average contents of heavy metals in the dried marine products were Hg $0.058{\pm}0.069$ (0.002~0.502) mg/kg, Pb $0.178{\pm}0.598$ (ND~5.130) mg/kg, Cd $0.306{\pm}0.610$ (ND~6.802) mg/kg, As $5.282{\pm}6.158$ (ND~71.760) mg/kg. The range of heavy metal contents in dried marine products are low level, except of lead contents (n=2). In the comparison of heavy metal content by anchovy size, it was shown that cadmium, mercury and arsenic were meaningfully different. The contents of heavy metals by the shape of shrimp and Alaska Pollack were shown that the result of each group was meaningless. In the comparison imported production with domestic production, in the case of common squid, cadmium and arsenic were meaningfully different. The weekly average intakes of Hg, Pb and Cd from dried marine products takes about 1.17~11.52% of PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes) that FAO/WHO Joint Food Additive and Contaminants Committee has set to evaluate their safeties.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 1988

In order to determine the content levels of trace metals in common salts, 64 bay salt samples were collected from three producing districts and 33 bay salt samples, 32 remade salt samples and 5 fine salt samples were collected from 7 major cities in Korea, from August to September 1987. These were analysed for content levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results were as follows: 1. Lead contents in three type salts were N.D. - 1081.9 $\mu$g/kg and fourteen percent of the 114 samples exceeded the World Health Organization(WHO) criteria of 100$\mu$g/kg. Cadmium contents of samples were N.D.- 382C.5 $\mu$g/kg and five percent of the 114 samples were over the Spanish criteria of 500 $\mu$g/kg. Copper contents of samples were 8,9-214.9 $\mu$g/kg and there was not a sample over the World Health Organization(WHO) criteria of 500 $\mu$g/kg. Zinc contents ranged N.D. - 342.9 $\mu$g/kg and Manganese contents ranged N.D.- 8.31 mg/kg. 2. The comparison of heavy metal contents among the bay salts from three producing districts was significantly different in Pb, Cd and Cu contents. 3. The comparison of heavy metal contents between the bay salts and remade salts was not significantly different in Pb, Cd and Cu contents. 4. The contents of Pb, Cd, Zn and Mn in fine salts were much lower than those of bay salts and remade salts.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.561-567
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate the heavy metal contents in various foods (n=696). The contents of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and tin (Sn) were determined using and ICP (inductively coupled plasma spectrometer). The content of mercury (Hg) was determined using a mercury analyzer. The values of heavy metals in canned foods were as follows [minimum-maximum (mean), mg/kg]; Pb 0.001${\sim}$0.36 (0.10), Cd 0.001${\sim}$0.10 (0.04), Sn 0.01${\sim}$24.75 (2.60). The mean values of Pb and Cd in animal foods were 0.40 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg. Also, the mean values of heavy metals in vegetables and potatoes were 0.03 mg/kg for Pb, 0.02 mg/kg for Cd, 0.001 mg/kg for Hg, respectively. The mean values of Hg in fishes and canned fishes were 0.08 mg/kg and 0.04 mg/kg. Our results showed that heavy metal contents in various foods available on markets were similar to those reported in other countries.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.5
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• pp.81-88
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• 1987

This study was conducted to determine the contents of heavy metals in Jeotkals (salted-fermented fish and shellfishes) and to investigate the major factor of their contamination. The results were as follows : Average contents of heavy metals in Jeotkals were Hg 0.076 ppm, Pb 0.677 ppm, Cd 0.112ppm, As 1.025ppm, Cu 3.540ppm, Zn 11.230ppm and Mn 2.041ppm, those in fish and shellfishes were Hg 0.051ppm, Pb 0.425ppm, Cd 0.071ppm, As 0.632ppm, Cu 2.ppm, Zn 8.052ppm, Mn 1.178ppm and Hg ND, Pb 0.05ppm, Cd 0.01ppm, As 0.02ppm, Cu 0.087ppm, Zn 0.068ppm and Mn 0.044ppm in salts. During the fermentation of the salted anchovy (Engraulis Japonicus) in each containers, the contents of Hg and Cd had little difference with control, but Pb was high in pottery and iron container and As was in iron and regenerated plastic container. During the fermentation of the salted anchovy in iron container, the contents of heavy metals increased and was to determined more at the later stage of fermentation than at the early stage. Most contents of heavy metals increased in elution experiment of containers, but Hg and Cd did not detected. The concentration of salt did not affect to the elution of heavy metals.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 1997

In order to monitor the content of heavy metals of soil and vegetable in the plastic film house, five hundred and twenty two soil, and 147 vegetable samples grown under plastic film house were collected for the analysis of heavy metals. The average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in surface soil were 0.208, 3.69, 2.49, 23.3 and 0.65mg/kg, respectively. Cu and Zn contents of the soil were higher than those values measured for upland soils in 1989, however, these contents were lower than "Countermeasure values" (Cd:4, Cu:125, Pb:300, and As:15mg/kg in soil) for soil contamination indicators described in Soil Environmental Conservation Act of Korea(1996). The contents of Cd, Cu and Zn increased with increasing years of cultivation. The contents of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soils received pig manure compost were higher than those received the poultry or barn yard manure compost. The average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in fresh vegetable plants ranged from 0.015 to 0.047, 0.341 to 0.802, 0.080 to 0.356, 1.08 to 8.04 and 0.021 to 0.059mg/kg, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.139-146
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• 2015

This paper describes a effect of nano-bubble on removal of complex heavy metals, in order to remove pollutants of soil with copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) based on column test. It was conducted column test considering inflow and fine soil contents condition, and then it was analyzed removal effect of nano-bubble on Cu and Cu/Pb. The test result showed that the removal effect of the nano-bubble was higher than that of distilled water regardless of fine soil contents in case of Cu pollutant, and the removal effect of nano-bubble on heavy metals was found to have a significant impact on Pb than Cu in case of Cu/Pb pollutants. It was also analyzed that engineering properties (like a flow path and permeability) of soil due to void ratio has influenced a significant impact the pollutants removal of nano-bubble. The test results determined that nano-bubble can be applied as a flushing agent for priority target pollutant in complex heavy metals.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2005

The concentration of heavy metal were studied for the estimation of quality in herbal medicines which is Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Astragali Radix in products of north Gyeongbuk area Also, we collected soils from several area in Gyeongbuk, and determined heavy metal concentration of soils by ICP. We compared with herbal medicines in products of Gyeongbuk and their soils. The average levels of heavy metal of herbal medicines in Gyeongbuk area are as follows: Mercury is 0.037mg/kg, Chromium is 0.093 mg/kg, Nickel is 0.108mg/kg, Copper is 0.475mg/kg, Zinc is 3.14mg/kg, Manganese is 1.52mg/kg, Iron is 7,83mg/kg, and Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic is not detected. It was very lower in concentrations than those of average Korea area. For the heavy metals contents of Gyeongbuk area, in Gong Jung Ri, represented the higher level, it may be due to a near the road. The Cd contents in soil was not a wide difference. For the As and Pb contents in soil, Song Sa Ri (Bupleuri Radix) represented the higher level(0.68mg/kg, 1523mg/kg). Correlation coefficients of heavy metal contents in cultured herbal medicines and their soils did not give reproducible results. But the degree of correlation between a few heavy metal contents of Dioscoreae Rhizoma and their soil showed the good transfer from the soil.