• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.75-80
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• 2002

Enormous volumes of mining wastes from the abandoned and closed mines are disposed without a proper treatment at Southeastern part of Kangwon Province. Erosion of these wastes contaminates soil, surface water, and sediments with heavy metals. Objectives of this research were to fractionate heavy metals in the mine waste and to assess the potential S. P. A. G.(Soil Pollution Assesment Guidance) of each metal fraction. Mine wastes analyzed for physical and chemical properties. pH of wastes ranged from 3.3 to 8.0. Contents of total N and loss on ignition matter were in the ranges of 0.2~5.6%, and 0.8~15.3%, respectively. Heavy metals in the wastes were higher in the coal mines than those in the other mine wastes. Total concentrations of metals in the wastes were in the orders of Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd, exceeded the corrective action level of the Soil Environment Conservation Law and higher than the natural abundance levels reported from uncontaminated soils. Relative distribution of heavy metal fractions was residual > organic > reducible > carbonate > adsorbed, reversing the degree of metal bioavailability. Mobile fractions of metals were relatively small compared to the total concentrations. Soil Pollution Assesment Guidance(SPAG) values were ranged from 0.08 to 9.14 based on labile fraction of metal concentrations. SPAG values of labile concentration were lower than those of total concentration.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.717-723
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• 1998

The concentrations and wet deposition flux into the sea of heavy metals of precipitation in Pusan area were measured and estimated. The samples were collected by polyethylene bottle(30ι) from January to November in 1996, and heavy metals were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometer. The concentration order of heavy metals was Al ＞Fe ＞Zn ＞Pb ＞Mn ＞Cu ＞Ni ＞Cd ＞Co, and they were high at inland sites and low at coastal sites. The enrichment factors for some metals(Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd), based on crustal Al, were significantly greater than unity, and the order was Cd ＞ Pb ＞ Zn ＞ Cu. This evidence suggests Cd and Pb are derived predominantly from non-crustal sources. Al, Fe and Mn contents showed good correlation with each other. Therefore this enrichment factor indicates similar geochemical behavior of these elements. The annual wet depositional flux(mg/ $m^2$ /yr) from Pl site was as follows: Al(121.1). Fe,(177.2), Zn(12.9), Mn(6.19), Pb(14.4), Cu(0.64), Ni(1.03), Cd(1.02) and Co(1.01).

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2015

Heavy metal ingredients of eyeliner product could cause side effect ranging from simple irritation, keratitis, corneal epithelium inflammation, eyelid dermatitis and dry eye symptoms have been reported. This study was conducted in order to prepare fundamental data for acceptable quality level heavy metal ingredients in the domestic and foreign cosmetic brand eyeliner products and to assess theirs the heavy metal concentrations. We measured the concentration of 5 heavy metals in 10 eyeliner products using ICP/MS-LC. According to the results, the average metal concentrations were as follows.; In case of domestic eyeliner products, 289.4 ppm for aluminium(Al), 304 ppm for manganese(Mn), 44 ppm for nickel(Ni), 0.58 ppm for arsenic(As) and 0.35 ppm for lead(Pb). In case of Foreign eyeliner products, 11337.8 ppm for aluminium(Al), 1678.8 ppm for manganese(Mn), 74.2 ppm for nickel(Ni), 1 ppm for arsenic(As) and 0.8 ppm for lead(Pb). Foreign products contained higher amounts of the two elements(Pb, As) compared to domestic ones. Also, greater concentrations of arsenic(As) were detected from waterproof products than non-waterproof ones. In conclusion, for safety reasons we suggested the amounts of heavy metals from the domestic and foreign eyeliner products. This finding will be helpful to provide the fundamental data which is standard of toxicological heavy metals acceptable on eyeliner products.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 창립총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.46-51
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• 2000

Environmental quality regulations are used to establish the maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals before a site can be deemed to be polluted or contaminated. This paper compares the results obtained by 0.IN HCl extraction and acid extraction method(HNO$_3$+HClO$_4$.HCl). The leaching efficiency of 0.1N HCl extraction is directly proportional to the final pH of leachate, due to the different solubilities of the heavy metals at different pH values, The severe differences between 0.1N HCl-extractable and total metal contents result mainly from the buffering effect of carbonates, present in sediment. samples. Application of sequential extraction experiments to some sediments collected from gully pot in Seoul illustrates a much stronger scavenging effect by Fe and Mn-hydroxides, carbonates and organic phases. As deduced from both sequential extraction and leaching experiments, the relative mobility of heavy metals is found to be: Mn>Zn>>Co>Cd>>Cu>Pb>Cr>Fe, in spite of large differences in heavy metal content and localization. Changes in the physicochemical environments (such as acidification) caused by a traffic accident may result in the severe environmental pollution of heavy metals of surrounding area( surface water and rivers).

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제22권E2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

This pilot study focuses on emissions characterization of air pollutants produced from incineration of some municipal solid wastes (MSWs). The MSWs incinerated by an electric furnace maintained up to $600^{\circ}C$ included food, paper, and plastic wastes. The pollutants analyzed in this study included concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), bottom ash contents, and heavy metals extracted from the bottom ash of each waste. The VOCs identified were classified based on their chemical structure. The total emissions of VOCs produced from incineration of the papers were identified as the highest followed by those from the plastics and the food wastes. Aliphatic alkenes were major VOC compounds produced from incineration of plastic or food wastes, while furans were major VOCs produced from incineration of papers. The second major VOCs produced from incineration of food, plastics, and papers were aromatics. In particular, hazardous air pollutants such as benzene were produced with considerable amount of emission concentration. The bottom ash contents of papers were usually much higher than those of food or plastic wastes. The bottom ash contents produced from incineration of food and plastics were much lower than those of other MSWs. In analysis of heavy metals extracted by an ultrasonic method from the bottom ashes of the papers, high concentrations of heavy metals were identified from incineration of newspapers and box (cardboard). In addition, it was identified that the general public might be exposed to considerable amounts of lead concentrations during incineration processes and uses of paper cup and from ashes.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate various heavy metal contents in packaging papers by pre-treatments for ICP-ES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry) analysis. Pre-treatment methods of heavy metals in this study include extraction, migration and decomposition methods (dry ashing, $HNO_3-HClO_4-HF,\;HNO_3,\;and\;H_2SO_4-HNO_3$). Test results were compared with conventional extraction (water) and migration (3% acetic acid) methods. The five representative heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Cr and Hg) were analyzed. For Cd, Hg, and As, the results were below detection limit of the instrumental technique. It was considered that the migration test was a better method compared to extraction test, but all the decomposition methods showed much higher detection values than the extraction or migration test. In case of recycled corrugated containers, 3% acetic acid solution extracted about 25% of chromium and 30% of lead compared to the content by decomposition methods. Among all decomposition methods, the nitric acid - perchloric acid - hydrofluoric acid treatment brought a slightly higher detection value than others, but there was no significant difference among them except sulfuric acid - nitric acid method.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1978

최근에 와서 유류오염과 더불어 중금속에 의한 해양오염, 특히 연안오염은 공공 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 어떤 해역의 오염정도는 그 해역의 해수 및 그 해역에 서식 하는 유기체(Organisms)와 더불어 그 해역 퇴적물의 오염물질함량으로부터 파악할 수 있다. 진해만과 부산해역은 공업단지와 대도시가 인접해 있고 또 선박의 출입이 잦기 때문에 중금속에 의해 오염될 가능성이 많다. 그러나 이 해역에 대한 중금속의 오염조사현황을 보면 수질에 대한 조사는 수차(Kwak et al., 1974, 국립수산진흥원, 1975, 1977)에 걸쳐 행하여 졌으나 퇴적물에 대해서는 진해만에 대한 2회의 조사(Lee et al., 1974, Hyun, 1974)가 있었을 뿐이다. 본 조사에서는 진해만과 부산해역 퇴적물의 중금속 오염실태를 알아보기 위해 이를 해역의 퇴적물을 채취하고 퇴적물중 구리, 납, 아연, 니켈, 코발트, 철, 망간등 7가지 중금속의 함량을 측정하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2005

중금속으로 오염된 폐수를 처리하기 위하여 다양한 처리 방법들이 제시되고 있으나, 최근에는 미생물을 이용한 중금속 처리 방법에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 따라서 중금속으로 오염된 토양에서 중금속에 대하여 강한 내성과 우수한 생물흡착능력을 동시에 가지고 있는 미생물 CPB를 분리하여 중금속에 대한 내성, 흡착 능력 및 흡착의 최적조건을 조사하였다. 중금속에 대한 내성은 전체적으로 $400mg{\ell}^{-1}$ 이상의 농도에서도 높은 내성을 보였으며, 생장 저해도는 단일 중금속 보다 중금속이 복합으로 존재 할 경우 더 크게 나타났다. 중금속 흡착 능력은 Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn의 순으로 흡착 능력이 나타났다. 외형적 흡착형태는 중금속의 종류에 따라 세포 표면 및 세포 막 부근에 electron dense particles들이 형성되었으며, 이는 EDS 분석을 통하여 중금속 화합물인 것으로 확인되었다. 중금속을 흡착하는데 있어 전반적인 최적 pH는 $5{\sim}7$범위였고, 최적 온도는 $25{\sim}35^{\circ}C$이다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.276-284
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• 2000

시화호 표층과 주상시료 퇴적물의 유기탄소(Co$_{org}$), 유기질소(N$_{org}$), 중금속(Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn)의 함량과 분포를 규명하기 위하여 '97년 4월, 9월 그리고 '98년 3월에 총 30개의 퇴적물 시료가 채취하였다. 분석결과 표층 및 주상시료 퇴적물의 유기탄소${\cdot}$질소 그리고 중금속들의 함량과 분포는 조사시기와 정점별 차이에 따른 변화를 나타냈다. 표층 퇴적물의 유기탄소와 유기질소 함량은 시화호 안쪽의 육지에 인접할 수록 높은값을 나타냈다. 이러한 분포는 주변 하천 및 공단으로부터의 영향인 것으로 사료된다. 표층 퇴적물의 중금속 함량은 유기탄소 함량과 일차적인 관계가 있다고 해석된다. 주상시료 퇴적물의 C/N비의 변화폭은 3${\sim}$32이고 평균은 13.9를 나타냈다. 주상시료의 중금속함량분포 경향은 유기탄소와 유기질소의 함량분포 경향과 유사하였다. 표층 퇴적물의 중금속 함량을 방조제 축조 이전과 이후로 비교했을 때 축조 후 증가한 중금속은 Cu이고, 반대로 낮은 함량을 보이는 중금속은 Zn와 Mn으로 조사되었다. 이와는 달리 Pb의 함량은 일정하였다. 시화호 배수갑문 내측 주변과 방조제 외측 연안 퇴적물의 중금속함량은 유사하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1993

경상북도 울진군 북면 덕구동과 칠곡군 동명면 덕명동에 소재한 2개 아연광산 인근 지역에서 채취한 토양과 야생식물체중의 Cd, Cu, Zn의 함량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 생육기간에 따른 야생식물체중 중금속함량은 Cd는 다년생, 월년생, 1년생의 순위로, Cu는 1년생, 다년생, 월년생의 순위로 낮았으며, Zn은 다년생, 월년생, 1년생 모두 비슷하였다. 2. 중금속함량이 가장 높은 야생식물은 Cd의 경우 고비(다년생)였으며, Cu의 경우는 쇠뜨기(월년생), Zn의 경우는 고마리(1년생)이었지만, 조사된 식물체중 Cd, Cu, Zn 각 함량이 다 높았던 것은 고마리였다. 3. 야생식물의 과별 중금속함량은 Cd는 고사리과에서, Cu는 속새과에서, Zn는 마디풀과에서 가장 높았다. 4. 고마리와 망초의 식물체 부위별로 Cd 와 Zn의 함량은 잎, 줄기, 뿌리의 순위로 낮았는데 반하여, Cu는 뿌리, 잎, 줄기의 순위로 낮았다. 5. 토양중 Cd, Cu, Zn의 평균함량(범위)은 칠곡지역에선 1.27($0.45{\sim}2.75$)ppm, 12.04($3.00{\sim}33.20$)ppm, 64.28($8.14{\sim}209.79$)ppm 이었으며, 울진지역에선 3.30($0.50{\sim}9.52$)ppm, 72.93($47.75{\sim}118.35$)ppm, 194.04($41.37{\sim}520.96$)ppm이었다. 6. 토양중의 중금속(Cd, Cu, Zn 등) 함량과 식물체중 중금속 함량간에는 유의성은 없었으나, 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 7. 고비, 고마리, 쇠뜨기 등은 중금속(Cd, Cu, Zn)의 흡수력이 큰 야생식물로서 중금속 및 Zn 오염토양에서 중금속 제거에 효과가 클 것으로 사료된다.