• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2013

최동훈은 <범죄의 재구성>(2004), <타짜>(2006), <전우치>(2009), <도둑들>(2012) 등의 영화를 만들어내며, 한국의 주류 영화감독으로 인정받음과 동시에 영화의 상업적 성공을 이루어 관객과의 소통에 성공했다. 본고는 최동훈의 영화가 수많은 관객과의 소통에 성공할 수 있었던 것은 시대적 삶을 우화적으로 그리면서 민중 문화적 축제 즉 카니발적 성격을 가졌기 때문이라고 보고자 한다. 이는 미하일 바흐친의 카니발 이론과 맞닿아 있다. 바흐친에게 카니발 이론은 민중문화를 이해할 수 있는 방법이었고, 최동훈 역시 자신의 영화 속 세계를 묘사할 때 카니발 이론의 요소들을 활용한다. 구체적으로는 카니발 이론의 미적 요소 중 탈관과 대관, 권위의 전복과 조롱, 향연의 이미지가 최동훈의 영화 속에서 캐릭터를 통해, 격하와 조롱, 군중의 언어가 대사와 이미지를 통해, 과거와 현재, 시점의 통합이 플래시백을 통해 드러난다. 이러한 특징들은 최동훈 영화에 일관되게 드러나며, 최동훈의 영화는 카니발 이론처럼 민중의 세계를 묘사하고 바라본다. 이것이 최동훈이 영화를 통해 하는 현실반영이자 현실참여이다. 관객은 그런 최동훈의 시각에 동조하고 호응한 것이었다고 본다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2021

The development of the Internet has led to the emergence of an internet meme culture using duplication. This phenomenon has appeared in the fashion field as 'fashion memes' and its playful expression has helped it to spread. Vetements is one of the well-known brands that actively incorporates fashion memes into their fashion. The purpose of this study was to examine the playfulness of Mikhail Bakhtin's Carnival Theory and identify the playful identity, design characteristics, and implications of Vetements' fashion memes in light of Bakhtin's playfulness. The research methods were literature research and collection case analysis, and empirical content research was conducted in parallel. The scope of this study was fashion memes shown in the products from 2017 S/S to 2019 F/W. The study results showed that Bakhtin's playfulness could be divided into "playfulness in the destruction of hierarchy", "playfulness in grotesque imagery" and "playfulness in the emphasis on the lower bodily stratum". Based on these findings, the playful identity of Vetements' fashion meme images can be described as follows. First, it breaks down the existing order of fashion brands like the destruction of hierarchy in Bakhtin's theory. Second, it is grotesque; it is strange, eerie, yet ridiculous at the same time. Third, it is a playful metaphor of contamination, filth, and lower stratum. The modes of embodiment of such identity include Vetements' collaboration with famous brands, the use of cheap items, and the expression of genderless ideas.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.823-835
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• 2018

The body is an important object of costume expression, and the reflection of the aesthetics of the body according to age, culture, individual or group determines the form of the costume. In particular, British artist Leigh Bowery provided many designers and celebrities with original design ideas. Leigh Bowery's costumes are related to the carnival concept. Thus, this study analyzed Leigh Bowery's life and works, and examined Michael Bakhtin's grotesque carnivalesque theory. Based on Bakhtin's carnival theory around 100 works by Leigh Bowery, in the form of YouTube videos and DVD clips were analyzed in this study. The results of the analysis Leigh Bowery's body and costume research are as follows. First, this study can define fetishism as a characteristic of costumes such as body suits, harnesses, high-heeled boots, and stockings, that stress the body. Second, the character of the body is not expressed as that of an idealized body, but the fat and ugly aspect are revealed. Third, Leigh Bowery's costumes are characterized by ambiguity. The costumes blur the boundaries between women and men. Fourth, common sense, combined with normal and bizarre, brings out a strong sense of carnival humor with ridiculousness arising from the gap between reality and reality. His performance has had a significant impact on victims of discrimination or unequal treatment in sexual, racial, and age-related situations. This study should inspire many designers through the study of Leigh Bowery's body expression and dress, but it also introduces fashion icons that are not well known in Korea.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2007

This study was motivated not only by the curiosity of clown as a comedian, but also by the clown's special makeup coordination. To analyze the clown makeup coordination Carnivalism, the researcher inquired 1) clown's meaning, sorts, periodic roles and stages, 2) Mikhail Bakhtin's Carnival theory, and 3) makeup coordination of clowns (Harlequin, Pierrot, Auguste and White Face Clown) as the theoretical background. The clown makeup coordination carnival characteristics were shown in masquerade, amusement and ambiguity. The masquerade was expressed on the mask for Harlequin and white makeup for Pierrot, Auguste and White Face Clown. The amusement was revealed on the fall and the inharmony of the grotesque makeup and childish costumes. And also the ambiguity was expressed on the sexless and the infant of clown's real nature and costumes.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.551-556
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 존 버닝햄의 그림책 2권(『셜리야, 물가에 가지 마!』, 『셜리야, 목욕은 이제 그만!』)을 Bakhtin의 대화주의 이론 중 카니발의 개념을 이용하여 분석했다. 존 버닝햄의 그림책에서는 주인공 '셜리'의 일탈에 대한 무의식적인 소망이 기상천외한 상상세계에서의 모험으로 전환되어 웃음이 곁들여진 축제와 같은 사건으로 묘사되고 있다. 그림책을 통해서 유아들은 현실에서 금지된 행동을 상상세계에서의 사건으로 전환 시켜 간접적으로 체험하면서 만족한다. 이러한 간접 경험은 유아가 현실에서의 불만을 자연스럽게 해소하면서 자기만의 독창적인 내적 발달을 하는데 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 가정이나 유아교육기관에서 유아들에게 다양한 그림책을 쉽게 접할 수 있는 환경을 제공하는 것이 그들의 성장에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다는 것도 또한 시사하고 있다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.1087-1101
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• 2009

The ongoing attempt to classify and categorize Jonathan Swift's literary work, A Tale of a Tub, as either satire or parody has not only opened issues concerning authorial intent and a present voice but also surfaced questions as to whether Swift identifies with what he is criticizing, thereby becoming the subject he schemes to destroy in his own literary work. In addressing these critical problems, my paper questions the boundaries of genre and analyzes the Tale, not within the conventional terms of literary genre, but by applying Bakhtin's theory of the carnivalistic impulse to Swift's Tale. Rather than focus on finding the author or identifying a voice within the text, Bakhtin's literary vision of carnivalization allows a means of subverting all rules yet holding the work together to present a shocking experience for the reader. Within the Tale, carnivalistic participation includes the reader who at one point is given the detached position of subjective spectator yet eventually decrowns the reader as both a carnivalistic participant and object of the same ridicule and derision once used to judge others. In conclusion, the Tale is revealed as a mocking commentary on the efforts of human beings/participants/writers to ignore the carnival aspects of existence and attempt to elevate themselves to the privileged role of spectator/reader.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 온라인 개인 게임 방송에 나타난 스토리텔링의 요소 및 특징을 분석하고, 이를 통해 온라인 개인 게임 방송의 특이점을 도출하는데 있다. 이를 위해 국내외 온라인 개인 게임 방송의 대표적 사례로 유튜브 채널 와 <대도서관TV>를 연구대상으로 선정하고, 바흐친의 카니발 이론을 적용하여 방송의 스토리텔링을 분석했다. 그 결과 온라인 개인 게임 방송은 외부적으로는 매스 미디어의 방송 포맷을 변형했고, 내부적으로는 게임 텍스트 및 게임 환경을 재해석하는 과정을 거쳐 새로운 서사적 사건을 구성했다. 이 과정에서 방송 진행자 특유의 다성적 발화가 나타났으며, 비극과 희극을 역전을 통해서 오디언스로부터 카타르시스를 불러 일으켰다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제13호
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• pp.97-132
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• 2012

1799 Francisco de Goya published Los Caprichos with 80 aquatint etchings. On 6 February he advertised it on the front page of the Diario de Madrid. The long advertisement which began with "a collection of prints of capricious subjects, invented and etched by Don Francisco Goya" informed purpose, themes and methods of this collection of prints. According to this advertisement Goya "has chosen as subjects for his work, from the multitude of follies and mistakes common in every civil society and from the vulgar prejudices and lies authorized by custom, ignorance or self-interest, those that he has thought most fit to provide material for ridicules, and at the same time to exercise the artist's imagination." The text emphasized that the 'author' of this series didn't to want to criticise any individual and to be a copyist. From his phantasy Goya invented many creatures like the anthropic, humanized animals etc.. With Los Caprichos he stood on the threshold to Romanticism. The early researchers of Los Caprichos classified its author, Goya as an enlightened intellectual. The similarity of the themes of the series with the subjects of the Enlightenment, his some enlightened 'friends' and the idea to avoid the prevalent mystification of his life supported this theory. But this trend became revised since the 80's of the last century. This made possible to research Goya's works in new perspective and to see that Goya didn't criticise the Spanish society and his contemporaries. Rather he showed its reality and parodied through creatures which are mixtures of the reality that he observed, and visions that he invented. Characters and scenes in Goya's prints are ambiguous and equivocal. They have the values which are defined by the dualistic metaphysic in Europe as oppositional, like good and evil for example, at the same time. Goya himself also appeared in various types in this series. This ambiguousness, or "polyphony", as Jennis Tomlinson defined, is a symptom of the decay of the belief in the Enlightenment which spreaded in Europe as a result of the attack of Bastille and the French Revolution. Goya's self-portrait in pl. 43 of this series, "El sue$\tilde{n}$o de la razon produce monstruos" shows the complex psychology of him and his contemporaries as well. As the rest etchings after this print show witchcraft and monsters reside in the world in which the reason of the Enlightenment and the through the reason weakened God's rule lost their authority. In this thesis I will examine and analyse how Goya represented in Los Caprichos the nature of man and its society, as complex being in which the 'antagonistic' value couple as good and evil couldn't be divided, but are united.