• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two domperidone preparations. Bioequivalence assessment was conducted on 34 healthy volunteers who received two tablets (Domperidone Maleate, 12.72 mg/tablet) in the fasting state, in a randomized balanced $2{\times}2$ cross-over study design. This whole study was performed according to the implementation guidelines of the Korea Food Drug Administration. After dosing of two tablets, blood samples were collected serially for a period of 36 hours. Plasma was analyzed for domperidone by using LC/MS/MS assay method. The analysis system was validated in specificity, accuracy, precision, and linearity. $AUC_t$, (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from the zero-time to 36 hr) was calculated through the trapezoidal rule. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma domperidone concentration-time data of each volunteer. No significant sequence effect was found for the bioavailability parameters indicating that the cross-over design was properly performed. The 90%-Confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ were from log 0.8007 to log 1.1240 and log 0.8645- log 1.2483, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals between 0.80 and 1.25. Therefore, this study demonstrated that two formulations have bioequivalence with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influence married female immigrants' perceived health status. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of dataset from the 2012 National Multicultural Family Survey in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression with the data of 3,014 married female immigrants. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that demographic factors (age, education level, nationality, period of residency in Korea, and residential area), socio-economical factors (monthly family income, employment, support from the government for basic living, and Medicaid), social support factors (marital conflict, satisfaction with family relationships, some one to talk about self or family matters, meeting with homeland friend, and participation in community meeting), and immigration factors (life satisfaction, experience of social discrimination, and difficulties with living and using medical care) were associated with perceived health status. Conclusion: It is important to pay closer attention to immigrant women who have low economic status, less social support, experience difficulties with living in Korea and using medical care. An effective support system for this population should be developed in order to help them successfully transition.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.96-101
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• 1996

저자들은 1994년 3월부터 1995년 10월까지 중앙대학교 부속병원 폐경기 클리닉에 내원했었던 환자중 폐경군 83명과 대조군 73명을 BDI, STAI로써 우울과 불안정도를 측정하였고, 혈중 E2, LH, FSH 수치를 측정하여 결과는 다음과 같았다. 폐경 여성의 평균 연령은 45.3세였으며 BDI와 STAI 점수 비교에서 폐경군이 대조군에 비해 유의(p<0.01)하게 높아 폐경군이 더 높은 우울 및 불안 성향을 보였으나 폐경 여성이 불안 및 우울감을 더 유발한다는 가설을 뒷받침 하지는 못하였다. 혈중 호르몬의 비교에서 대조군과 폐경군간에 E2치와 FSH치에서 양군간에 유의한 차이(p<0.01)가 있었다. 그리고 대조군에서 STAI, BDI 접수와 호르몬간의 상관관계에서 유의한 상관관계는 없었으며 폐경군에서도 STAI, BDI 접수와 호르몬간의 상관관계에서 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. 즉 폐경기 호르몬의 상태와 우울 및 불안과의 상관관계는 없었다. 폐경기의 심리적 장애의 원인을 생물학적, 사회문화적, 또는 심리적 요인 중 단일 요인으로 성명하기보다 상호 복합적으로 규명해야 하겠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2004

The study was conducted to assess the effect of milk production, parity, stage of lactation, season and individual milk components themselves on milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration and other milk components of 3,219 Holstein dairy cows in Korean dairy farms. The MUN concentrations in Korean dairy cows were estimated to 16.68$\pm$5.87 mg/dl. Milk yield was negatively correlated with fat and protein contents and somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk (p<0.01). The increasing MUN concentration has positive correlation with yield and fat content. By increasing somatic cell, milk yield was reduced and MUN level was increased. Cows in spring and winter produced more milk over 1.43 and 0.93 kg/day, respectively, than cows in summer (p<0.01). Milk urea nitrogen concentrations of milk produced in summer and fall were significantly lower (p<0.01) than those in spring and winter. Both MUN concentration and somatic cell counts were highest in winter. Milk yield was lower (p<0.01) in the first calving than other calving time and was tended to increase until the fifth parity and then decrease. Milk urea nitrogen and SCC were not related to parity of cows in this study. Milk yield and SCC were positively related to lactation period while MUN concentrations and milk fat and protein contents were negatively influenced by stage of lactation. In the present study, the relationship between MUN and reproduction of dairy cows was also investigated. Cow produced milk in high MUN concentrations (greater than 18 mg/dl) had more open days than cows in MUN concentrations less than 18 mg/dl. However, no significant difference between MUN concentration levels and frequency of artificial insemination was found in this study. It is suggested that although MUN values for nutritional management and measures of production or reproduction are used, non-nutritional factors should be considered.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.359-362
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• 2003

본 연구는 in vivo 와 유사한 환경을 조성하여 기존의 기관 배양기간인 7일보다 연장하려는 연구이며 세포가 있는 경우 세포가 없는 경우보다 morphology나 길이 성장 면에서도 모두 우수한 결과를 나타냈으며 minoxidil 첨가실험을 통해 DE를 이용한 모델이 단순 액침배양보다 한 단계 진보된 hair growth model 임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.371-379
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study is to consider its effect on the childbirth of a woman. This is a quasi-experimental study with nonequivalent control group post-test design. The subjects of this study are 60 primiparas (30 in the control, and another 30 in the experimental group) who have had a regular prenatal care from February 5 to March 20, 2002, in an outpatient obstetrics and gynecology of S university medical center located in Seoul. The result is as follows: 1. The hours of labor pains in the entire delivery period: the average hours are 7 hr. 9 min. in the experimental group, and 10 hr. 39 min. in the control group. The hours of labor pains are shorter in the woman with a family delivery experience in LDR. The difference is statistically significant (t=-3.34, p=.001). 2. The degree of pains in the entire delivery period: the average degree is 7.38 in the experimental group, and 7.68 in the control group. The degree of labor pains are lower in the woman with a family delivery experience in LDR. But, the difference is statistically insignificant (t=-0.86, p=.396). 3. The perceptions of the delivery experience: the average score of the perception is 73.63 in the experimental group, and 63.57 in the control group. The women with a family delivery experience in LDR have more positive perception of the delivery procedure, and, the difference is statistically significant (t=4.65, p=.000). In summary of the above result, a family-participated delivery in LDR is proved to be an effective nursing intervention that shortens the hours spent in the delivery procedure and promotes positive perceptions of the delivery experience.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.215-231
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• 2022

Analysis and forecasting of the Baltic Capsize Index (BCI) is important for managing an entity's losses and risks from the uncertainty and volatility of the fast-changing maritime transport market in the future. This study conducted volatility transition analysis through the GARCH model, using BCI which is highly related to steel raw materials. As for the data, 2,385 monthly data were used from March 1999 to March 2021. In this study, after basic statistical analysis, unit root and cointegration test, the GARCH, EGARCH, and DCC-GARCH models were used for volatility transition analysis. As the results of GARCH and EGARCH model, we confirmed that all variables had no autocorrelation between the standardized residuals for error terms and the square of residuals, that the variability of all variables at this time was likely to persist in the future, and that the variability of the time-series error term impact according to Iron ore trade (IoT). In addition, through the EGARCH model, the magnitude convenience of all variables except the Iron ore price (IOP) and Capesize bulk fleet (BCF) variables was greater than the positive value (+). As a result of analyzing the DCC-GARCH (1,1) model, partial linear combinations were confirmed over the entire period. Estimating the effect of variability transition on BCF and C5 with statistically significant linear combinations with BCI confirmed that the impact of BCF on BCI was greater than the impact of BCI itself.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.517-529
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• 2008

The education status of the body make-up foundations for teenage girls was evaluated and their purchase & wearing behaviors and the level of satisfaction were studied to analyze the relationship between education level and wearing satisfaction. The research was conducted for 728 middle and high school girls in Seoul and Incheon area, by the questionnaire method. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS. Frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, $X^2$-test, t-test, and ANOVA were performed. Among various foundation education contents learned in home economics class, most students were aware of the kind of underwear, the fiber content & management methods, laundry methods, and the kind and function of foundations. While more than 80% of all respondents didn't know about the size of foundations. As a results, most of students realized the influence of foundation wearing on the human body, selection methods for brassiere and girdle according to form and age, and matters to be attended to wear brassiere and girdle. The education standard, practical use, and awareness degree on the side effects, and the need for foundation education were positively related each other. Therefore, it is very important to educate teenage girls in the fast growth period the right selection of foundation and its effect on body health, in order to provide normal growth and healthy body.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2001

구강질환의 국소적인 원인이자 중 하나로 생각되는 흡연이 구강환경에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 흡연자군과 비흡연자군에 있어서 구강환경관리능력지수와 간이구강위생지수를 비교해 본 결과 비흡연자군에 비해 흡여자군의 구강환경관리능력이 낮고, 간이구강위생지수가 높은 것으로 나타나 유의한 정도의 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 각 지수들간의 차이를 보였다. 흡연기간, 흡연량, 연간흡연갑수가 많을수록 구강환경관리능력이 낮고, 간이구강위생지수가 높게 나타나 흡연이 구강환경상태에 미치는 영향이 높음을 제시하고 있다. 연간흡연갑수는 1일 평균 흡연량과 흡연기간의 곱이므로, 1일 평균흡연량과 흡연기간이 개별적으로 미치는 영향보다 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2011

Purpose: This study tries to identify experience of verbal abuse, emotional response, and ways to deal with verbal abuse against nurses in hospitals. Methods: This study was a descriptive research and conducted from April to July 2011. One hundred and seventeen nurses with over one-year experience in general wards were selected and evaluated. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. Results: The nurses' experience rate of verbal abuse during the entire period of work in hospitals was 98.3%. The majority of the nurses were verbally abused by patients (70.9%), followed by patients' relatives (65.8%), physicians (61.5%), and coworkers (58.1%). Overall negative emotional response score of nurses after verbal abuse was $38.82{\pm}8.28$. Ways to deal with verbal abuse were as follows: suppression was 74.4%, complaining of an injustice to close people, 67.5%, and ignoring, 43.6%. Conclusion: Nurses have significantly been exposed to verbal abuse while working in hospitals. Therefore, hospital managers and nurse managers are required to inform other staff and visitors in hospitals the real condition of verbal abuse against nurses and provide a safe work environment by developing the report and disposal system of verbal abuse.