• International Journal of Contents
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.16-19
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to attempt the analysis of the 'Positivist' School and the 'Interpretative' School to the Relationship between Theory and Method, Using examples from Criminological Research. The differences between approach of the positivist school and interpretative school are often made very difficult to make an approach. What are more to focus on are the relationships between quantitative research and positivism and qualitative research and interpretative paradigms are often presented as essential connections. Therefore, it is a lot more difficult to imply an appropriate research method and process depends on the subject and field of the research topic. The differences between types of research and also the connections which are made between types of research and theoretical paradigms portray a very simple picture. The danger of this is that two readily available set of research methods and assuming that positivist and interpretative research style represent competing approaches and also that they present 'either-or' alternatives as to strategies of research. For example, in some instances positivist and interpretative's methods do represent alternatives but in some case, positivist and interprativist each other can complement about each other's defects in terms of use of methodology. Though depending according to the specialist of the topic, it needs sensitivity to the potentials and the contributions of different styles of data and different methods of information collection and analysis to the criminological issues under test and to the theoretical questions being asked of them.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2022

Purpose: This research is to answer the following research questions because of the importance of learning how retired businesspeople increase their financial security and quality of life. (1) how does an entrepreneur contribute to economic development? (2) what types of investments are performed by businesspeople after retirement? (3) how entrepreneurial financial attainment capacity and anticipated net income after retirement are related? Research design, data and methodology: This research has conducted the qualitative analysis (QCA) using the current literature review. In the traditional positivist research paradigm, the quality of research is evaluated based on issues of validity, reliability, and objectivity. Contrary to the positivist approach, QCA focuses on the underlying meaning of the data. Results: This research found that finance management is increasingly challenging for businesspeople. The solutions based on the literature investigation suggest four categories. (1) Planned spending and revenue allocation, (2) Investing in the stock market, (3) Create a culture of saving, (4) Get Informed. Conclusions: This research puts forth a model to describe the connection between an investor's financial achievement potential and their desired net profits in retirement. The results of this study support the idea that the ability to achieve financial success as an entrepreneur has a salutary effect on the amount of money saved for retirement.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.773-782
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• 2020

The research objectives are to study the implementation of Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (i-CSR) values in BMT UGT Sidogiri, an Islamic microfinance institution in Indonesia based on Islamic boarding school or pesantren. This research employed a post-positivist paradigm. Data observation was performed by conducting an in-depth interview with several informants. The data analysis utilized an interactive model technique. The research results showed that i-CSR was successfully implemented in the Islamic microfinance institution based on Islamic boarding school due to the mutual passion (convergence) with conventional CSR typologies. The convergence is in two ways, firstly managerial behavior that focuses on protecting company stakeholders, second, creating sustainable corporate values through effective and efficient business activities. The orientation is the creation of a social role based on justice and sustainable development. The convergence is mainly in the dimensions of economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. The Islamic values have enriched the implementation of i-CSR as the form of practicing the teachings of Islam and evidence of human servitude to God so that the behaviors become worthy of worship. The implementation of i-CSR focused on the Islamic teachings. Compliance to Islamic jurisprudence and apply it in business activities became a divergent element of conventional CSR concept.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

이 연구는 Cooper, Fusarelli, & Randall(2004)의 4차원적 모형을 활용하여 2018년 본격 시행을 앞둔 디지털교과서 정책을 둘러싼 핵심 쟁점을 분석하고 개선을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다. 주로 그동안 축적된 정책문서와 학술논문, 신문기사 등을 활용하여 규범적, 구조적, 구성적, 기술적 차원별로 주요 이슈를 도출 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 디지털교과서 정책의 안정적 추진을 위해서는 규범적 차원에서 실증주의적 인식론에 입각한 교과서관 극복이, 구조적 차원에서는 교육과정기반형 교과서체계로의 전환과 교육부 내 정책추진 조직의 안정화가, 구성적 차원에서는 핵심정책 실행자들 간의 협력과 충분한 역량 발휘를 위한 관심과 지원이, 마지막으로 기술적 차원에서는 디지털교과서을 활용한 수업모형의 개발 및 확산과 교사들의 ICT 역량의 강화가 요청된다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 정책목표의 명확화, 중장기적 관점에서 학교급별 과목별 우선순위의 설정, 핵심참여자인 교사와 학생의 의견수렴을 위한 장의 마련 등을 향후 연구 및 실천과제로 제시하였다. 무엇보다 교사의 전문성을 바탕으로 학생들의 실질적인 학습성과가 지속적으로 도출될 수 있도록 교육과정체계의 혁신과 현장교사의 디지털 리터러시의 향상을 위한 노력이 중요하다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2006

Since he was a leading figure in nineteenth century architecture, Viollet-le-Duc's architectural theory is crucial to the foundation of modern architecture. He has been called a Gothic Revivalist, a Structural Rationalist and a Positivist. The first title was perhaps due to his vigorous restoration of Gothic works such as $N\hat{o}tre$ Dame, but he did not adore the Gothic style just for itself. Rather, he hoped to deduce some principles from the style. So how did he manage this? In his book "Entretiens sur l'Architecture (Lectures on Architecture), published between 1864 and 1872, he mentions using Descartes' four rules for reaching architectural certainty in contrast with the chaotic situation during that modernising period. Furthermore Viollet-le-Duc's theory can be seen as a serious attempt to translates Descartes' philosophical rules into systems of architectural speculation. Descartes' four rules of doubt are anchored in mathematical propositions, and without mathematical distinctions, none of these rules are valid. In other word, mathematics for Viollet is the yardstick of judgement between distinctness and indistinctness. Many architectural problems arise from this view. In this paper, the validities of applying Descartes' method of doubt to architectural discourse will be discussed in order to address the question:-Did Viollet-le-Duc clearly grasp Cartesian method by which memory was erased from the world?

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1054-1065
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• 2006

This study aims to provide basic data conducive to developing popular and international products by analyzing the mechanism, factors and design of ethnic sports fashion incorporating ethnicity and sports sense that may satisfy the physical and psychological needs of modern humans who tend to seek 'well- being'. The methodology includes literature reviews and positivist study, and visual materials include domestic and foreign fashion magazines, newspapers, fashion journals, ad photos, collection photos, and internet that cover colors, materials, detailed sports fashion design that are considered to have an ethnic image. Its scope is limited to the period from 2000 through 2005 S/S. The results of study are as follows: First, sports fashions through incorporation of sports emotion and fashion, mixes and matches existing formal wear, casual wear, or leisure wear with sportswear, or introduces and utilizes materials, details, accessories, or image from sportswear. Second, 1) from the changes by year in sports fashion, ethnic images were strongly expressed by the influence of naturalism in the early 1990s, and functional sports fashion has been fused with ethnic image with functionalism becoming stronger and wellbeing trend expanding from the mid 1990s through 2000s. 2) The cause of ethnic image in sports fashion included hybrid, multi-culturalism, and naturalism. Third, the ethnic images revealed in the sports fashion designs of Prada, Louis Vuitton, Gucci, and Y3 are simple and unique based on functionality and activism.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.183-200
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• 1998

이 연구는 과학철학 심리학 과학교육, 과학 교육과정 학습지도 평가 등과 관련이 있는 문헌을 조사 분석하고 그것이 과학교육의 여러 측면에 던져주는 시사점을 기술할 목적으로 수행되었다. 과학철학에 관해서는 전통적 과학철학과 현대의 과학철학 그리고 현대의 과학관으로 제기된 STS를 중심으로 조사 분석하였으며, 심리학은 전통적 심리학과 아울러 구성주의와 사회심리학을 그 대상으로 하였다. 한편, 과학철학과 심리학이 과학교육에 던져주는 시사점은 과학교육의 정의, 과학교육의 목적, 과학 교육과정, 과학 학습지도, 과학교육 평가를 중심으로 기술하였다. 이 연구에서는 과학교육을 과학에 의한 또는 과학을 통한 교육으로 정의했고, 과학교육의 목적으로 과학적 소양과 의사결정력의 함양을 강조하였으며, 과학의 교육과정에 과학의 윤리적 측면을 포함시켜야 함을 주장했다. 이 연구에서는 또 과학은 집단토의법과 협력학습법으로 학습지도되어야 하며, 그 결과의 평가는 인지구조가 변화된 정도의 측정에 주안점을 두어야 한다고 주장했다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제23권
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• pp.33-55
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• 2011

In the late Japanese colonial period, from the Sino-Japanese War until the Pacific War, critical discourses on the modern were prevalent in Japan and the Joseon. Despite the absence of a consensus about the specific definition of the modern, most thinkers agreed that the modern was something to be overcome. While some regarded naturalism and capitalism of the West as the essence of the modern, some others named scientism and humanism as the nature of the western modernity. Additionally, some criticized the temporal concept of historicism and brought new meanings of 'tradition' into relief, and some others advocated overcoming 'the West inherent in us'. This study is to consider the temporality of the theory of overcoming the modern focusing on the following three notions-world history, tradition, and emergency-, and examines the antinomy of them. The first notion to consider is 'world history'. The theorists of overcoming the modern, including the Kyoto school, discarded the progressive ideology that had led the Western modern history, and instead introduced 'world history' as a new notion. Although this resulted from the imperialistic embracement of the theories of Ranke, a major positivist historian from Germany, it contained antinomy of remaining in 'history' which was the modern temporal view. The second notion is 'tradition'. While the critical mind of 'world history' brought 'time of world' into question in the context of temporal realization, the notion of 'tradition' was to understand 'time of history' itself as the modern and overcome it. The critical mind of the notion involves the attempts to criticize regarding history as a 'progressive' process and to discover tradition as 'the present past' or 'the eternal present'. However, it also contained antinomy; the 'tradition' here was a notion that was created in the modern times, not passed down from ancient times. The third notion to consider is 'emergency', which was a method to define the present time as a transition period toward a new era, relating to states of war. However, the theorists of overcoming the modern did not regard 'emergency' as a particular time that strayed from normal states, instead they thought is as 'a regularized exceptional state', namely 'a state in which exceptions have become regulations'. However, the notion also contained antinomy since the word 'emergency' connotes abnormality.