• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.28-48
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to analyze the assessment of forming of a payment balance of the country and its condition. Data array were used the data on the Russian Federation from the 1995-2016, across Great Britain - since the 2004- 2014 and in the retrospective aspect since the 1946. Research design, data, and methodology - The payment balance is a ratio of payment amounts made this country abroad and the receipts received by it from abroad for a certain period; it is the systematic list of all economic transactions performed for a certain period of time between the residents of one country and the nonresidents. The scale of research on Russia: to be analyzed the amount of data from the 1995 by 2016. On Great Britain - the 2004-2014, on South Korea - the 2017. Results - Hypothesis 1. The detailed and simple systematization of balance sheet items increases the efficiency of analytical procedures and the mechanism of public administration. Hypothesis 2. The main of balance sheet items are deficit of Russian Federation scarce which, are generally counterbalanced with gold and foreign exchange reserves. Conclusions - Considering the items of balance of payments of the studied countries in the context with other countries, it can be noted that the dynamics of the main items are closely linked with the main macroeconomic indicators and reflects the main tendency of the state development. The main items of balance sheet of South Korea's are intensive. The relatively stable dynamics in the macroeconomic indicators is observed in Japan and China

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제17권31호
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• pp.141-154
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• 1994

This thesis looks out for the korean trade present condition of the korean machinery industry through time series data, analyze the problem about machinery industry by deepening the trade imbalance between JAPANESE and KOEA (The trabe balance of payment about machinery between JAPANESE and KOREA, US＄7,750,000,000 in 1992, us＄8,450,000 in 1993,US＄9,500,000,000 in 1994 forecast), have shown a reform measure of the balance of payment with indicate the importance of rearing the machinery industry.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.105-120
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• 2002

In the United States, the prospective payment system(PPS), under which diagnosis related groups (DRGs) are used to reimburse hospitals for the care of Medicare patients since 1983, Study results showed that the PPS is having a major impact on the quantity of services especially of hospital length of stay. The PPS has increased the likelihood that a patient will be discharged home in an unstable condition and the use of nursing homes or long term care facilities increased. Still, it is insufficient to conclude that the PPS has decreased the Medicare total expenditure, but relatively sufficient to conclude that the quality of care hasn't changed. The maintenance of the quality resulted from the systemic "check-and-balance" composed of three factors; (1) The doctors are reimbursed based on the fee-for-service system, (2) hospitals contact with doctors under the attending system, and (3) there are some public hospitals. In Korea, the reimbursement for hospitals and doctors are not divided, the hospitals have doctors as employees, and 90% of hospitals are private. These differences may weaken the "check-and-balance" existing in the U.S. system. And there are few long term care facilities and the diagnostic coding system using in pilot test are not suitable for Korean situation. In conclusion, for successful implementation of the DRG payment system in Korea, the government should establish the "check-and-balance" system in the health sector to make sure the quality of care before the implementation.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.1087-1092
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• 2009

This paper presents a method for improvement of capacity payment in CBP(cost based pool) market. Capacity payments have been used as common mechanisms in various pools for compensating generators recognized to serve a for reliability purpose. Ideal pricing for capacity reserves by definition achieves a balance between economic efficiency and investment incentives. That is, prices must be kept close to costs, but not so low as to discourage investment. However, the price set is not easy. This paper concludes with market design recommendations that apply fuzzy theory for improvement of capacity payment. Following this model, market participants decided on their own based on their forecast to the market demand and the payment for it.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Payment systems are evolving, and this study examines how blockchain and AI improve online transactional security and service quality. The study examines micro and macro payment systems, compares online, and offline methods all over the world. The study also examines how blockchain and AI affect payment system security, privacy, and efficiency globally and rapidly digitizing economy. Digital payment methods are growing all over the world with high literacy and digital engagement, but they face challenges. The research highlights cybersecurity threats and the need to balance user convenience and security. It suggests blockchain and AI improve online payment services, supporting the policies for different countries. In this extensive research survey, we compare and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various payment systems, their practicality, and their robustness. This study also examines how technological innovations and payment systems interact to reveal how blockchain and AI could transform the financial sector. It seeks to understand how technology-enhancing service quality can boost customer satisfaction and financial stability in the digital age. The findings should help policymakers, financial institutions, and technology developers optimize online payment systems for a more secure and efficient digital economy.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.849-860
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• 2003

모바일 기기의 사용이 증가하면서 E-Commerce에서 M-Commerce로 변화하고 있다 특히 IMT-2000(International Mobile Telecommunication 2000) 서비스가 준비중에 있으며, USIM(Universal Subscriber Identi쇼 Module) 기술을 내장함으로써 서비스의 폭이 넓어질 전망이다. 그러나 아직 USIM을 내장하는 서비스는 미흡한 단계로써 기본적인 애플리케이션의 개발조차 미비한 상태이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 USIM의 전반적인 구조와 프로토콜의 분석을 통하여, 모바일 기기와 USIM 상에서 안전하게 지불할 수 있는 지불 솔루션을 제안한다. 특히 모바일 기기의 유동성과USIM의 안전성 및 계산능력, 저장능력을 이용하여 오프라인 상에서 안전하게 거래할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 또한 제안한 시스템의 유효성을 입증하기 위하여 Jana Card 상에서의 지불 시스템을 개발하여 시뮬레이션 한다.

• 한국간담췌외과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of prospective payment systems (PPSs) on cholecystectomy. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, examining studies published until December 2023. The review process focused on identifying research across major databases that reported critical outcomes such as length of stay (LOS), mortality, complications, admissions, readmissions, and costs following PPS for cholecystectomy. The studies were specifically selected for their relevance to the impact of PPS or the transition from fee-for-service (FFS) to PPS. The study analyzed six papers, with three eligible for meta-analysis, to assess the impact of the shift from FFS to PPS in laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy procedures. Our findings indicated no significant changes in LOS and mortality rates following the transition from FFS to PPS. Complication rates varied and were influenced by the diagnosis-related group categorization and surgeon cost profiles under episode-based payment. There was a slight increase in admissions and readmissions, and mixed effects on hospital costs and financial margins, suggesting varied responses to PPS for cholecystectomy procedures. The impact of PPS on cholecystectomy is nuanced and varies across different aspects of healthcare delivery. Our findings indicate a need for adaptable, patient-centered PPS models that balance economic efficiency with high-quality patient care. The study emphasizes the importance of considering specific surgical procedures and patient demographics in healthcare payment reforms.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2012

본 연구는 2012년 현재 한국이 FTA를 체결하였거나 추진 중인(발효, 타결, 협상, 공동연구) 65개국을 대상으로 한국의 무역수지 결정요인을 분석하고자 한다. 분석모형은 중력모형의 설명변수에 대상국의 경제적 지리적 변수를 포함시키고, 종속변수에 한국과의 무역수지 흑자 또는 적자 여부를 표시하는 이분값을 표시하여 로짓분석을 한다. 한국이 특정국가와의 교역에서 무역수지가 흑자이면 1의 값을 주고, 적자이면 0의 값을 취하도록 한다. logit 모형의 추정결과 GDP, 1인당 GDP, 상대국간 교역, 석유, 내륙국가, 해양국가 변수는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 반면에 총교역, 수출의존도, 수입의존도, 광물, 거리 변수는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 경제규모를 나타내는 총교역과 무역의존도를 반영하는 수출의존도, 수입의존도, 지리적 특성과 자원부존여부를 반영하는 거리와 광물자원 등의 변수들이 한국의 무역수지에 대한 주요 결정요인으로 작용하고 있음을 의미한다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

The purpose of the study is to contribute to the positive development of blockchain technology by providing data to examine security vulnerabilities and threats to blockchain-based services and review countermeasures. The findings of this study are as follows. Threats to the security of blockchain-based services can be classified into application security threats, smart contract security threats, and network (P2P) security threats. First, application security threats include wallet theft (e-wallet stealing), double spending (double payment attack), and cryptojacking (mining malware infection). Second, smart contract security threats are divided into reentrancy attacks, replay attacks, and balance increasing attacks. Third, network (P2P) security threats are divided into the 51% control attack, Sybil attack, balance attack, eclipse attack (spread false information attack), selfish mining (selfish mining monopoly), block withholding attack, DDoS attack (distributed service denial attack) and DNS/BGP hijacks. Through this study, it is possible to discuss the future plans of the blockchain technology-based ecosystem through understanding the functional characteristics of transparency or some privacy that can be obtained within the blockchain. It also supports effective coping with various security threats.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

본 연구는 인터넷에서 사용하는 주문형 전자카드 서비스 방법 및 시스템설계에 관한 것으로, 사용자의 신용카드번호, 선불카드번호, 은행계좌 등을 포함하는 신용정보를 입력받는 단계부터 시작하여 주문형 전자카드의 승인여부, 거래대금지불승인여부를 거쳐, 지급단계까지의 서비스를 시스템에 관한 연구이다. 이는 사용자가 전자카드의 사용한도. 사용횟수, 유효기간, 충전가능 여부 익명사용여부 등을 사용하고자 하는 거래 형태에 맞추어 직접 설계할 수 있으므로 사용자의 편의성을 보다. 증진시킬 수 있다. 또한 사용자의 설계범위 내에서만 결제가 이루어지므로 카드번호의 분실시에도 그 피해를 설계범위내로 최소화할 수 있다.