• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.81-88
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• 2007

Energy consumption has been increased world widely, and the energy retain is one of the most important economic alternatives. These tendencies expand the nuclear power plants not only quantitatively but also qualitatively. Despite of the increasing construction of nuclear power plants and related facilities, every system in main control room(MCR) has been designed and administered solely based on the safety-first principles because of the specificity of nuclear industry. However, recent main control rooms started with the concept that the operators' performance could be optimized though the organic interrelation between human, machine, and environments. Now, it has been recognised in the scope of Ergonomics and Space Design which acknowledge our living spaces as Man-Environment Interface and this change connotes the MCR spaces should be special spaces rather than ordinary spaces. This research investigated domestic and foreign nuclear power plants' MCRs to suggest basic alternatives which can be applied to future MCR. With the review of characteristics of MCR, an integration of interior design, lighting and Ergonomics was explored and classified as types. Futhermore, the classification of environmental characteristics within the relationships between human, machine, and environments was developed through the case analysis of nuclear power plants. The results of this study will provide a basis of space design for system environments that the high level of safety and function are extremely important.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.395-408
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• 2011

The study which it sees exclusions the copper and the zinc which contain in pig sludge, It study pig sludge resources fertilizer production which are rational, pig sludge resources fertilizers after seeding, silage corn it investigates growth characteristics and forage value, the result which investigates pig sludge resources fertilizers effectiveness with afterwards is same. With fertilizer ingredients in pig sludge chemical qualities, the content of the nitrogen and the phosphoric acid comes 4.4% to be 6.29%, pH 7.02 and content of the copper and the zinc which is a heavy metal which contains in pig sludge with 805 mg/kg and 1,704 mg/kg, it is a restrictive standard of the fertilizer, 300 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg it sees to be high, it manufactures citric acid 1 hydrate with the organic acid solution, heavy metals of pig sludge where it is a mixture ratio of the organic acid solution, it divides to 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% 4 kind levels, the result which measures the heavy metal exclusion ratio of the copper and the zinc, the mixture ratio of the organic acid solution to be many exclusion ratio of the copper and the zinc is showing a just interrelation, from organic acid solution 100% level content of pig sludge remains copper and zinc 330.03 mg/kg and 41.28 mg/kg, it shows the exclusion ratio of copper 59% zinc 97%. 'Cheonganok' growth characteristics with citric acid 1 hydrate, Treatment 2 and control growth characteristics etc, it exclusion the copper and the zinc it doesn't appear on significant difference statistically but, treatment 3 after only pig sludge in resources disposal where it seeding, growth characteristics of leaf area etc. is badness, it compares in control and treatment 2 the growth characteristics badness, it is appearing, it is caused by with disease and insects occurrence of $Ostrinia$ $furnacalis$ and brown spot, the damage was many. From forage value, Treatment 2 where it exclusion the heavy metal with the citric acid 1 hydrate with control it compares and there are not significant difference from crude protein and ADF and NDF contents etc., seeding only Pig Sludge in resources disposal treatment 3, it is caused by with $Ostrinia$ $furnacalis$ etc., trunk and aging of the leaf to be high ADF content is low. but from crude protein, the nitrogen ingredient which pig sludge has and interrelation it seemed and high numerical value were confirmed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2017

Background: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) and Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) products, such as slices, have a similar appearance, but they have significantly different prices, leading to widespread adulteration in the commercial market. Their aroma characteristics are attracting increasing attention and are supposed to be effective and nondestructive markers to determine adulteration. Methods: The aroma characteristics of American and Asian ginseng were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and an electronic nose (E-nose). Their volatile organic compounds were separated, classified, compared, and analyzed with different pattern recognition. Results: The E-nose showed a good performance in grouping with a principle component analysis explaining 94.45% of variance. A total of 69 aroma components were identified by GC-MS, with 35.6% common components and 64.6% special ingredients between the two ginsengs. It was observed that the components and the number of terpenes and alcohols were markedly different, indicating possible reasons for their difference. The results of pattern recognition confirmed that the E-nose processing result is similar to that of GC-MS. The interrelation between aroma constituents and sensors indicated that special sensors were highly related to some terpenes and alcohols. Accordingly, the contents of selected constituents were accurately predicted by corresponding sensors with most $R^2$ reaching 90%. Conclusion: Combined with advanced chemometrics, the E-nose is capable of discriminating between American and Asian ginseng in both qualitative and quantitative angles, presenting an accurate, rapid, and nondestructive reference approach.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.5-14
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• 1998

This study was performed to estimate interrelation between characteristics of sediment and nutrient releare from sediment in Dae-cheong lake. For the investigations, sediments were sampled in June and October 1997 at fish farms, embayment, and the main stream of Dae-cheong lake. Items for investigation are as follows; water content, weight loss on ignition(IG), porosity of sediment, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen(TKN), content of element(H, N, C), nutrient release rate. Water content and porosity were measured to conjecture the physical trait and grain size. And weight loss on ignition was measured to determine the contents of organic substance. For the determination of nutrient release rate, $PO_4-P$ and $NH_4-N$ concentration of interstitial water and overlying water were measured. Release rate of nutrients which has direct influenced upon the water quality were 0.05-8.63mg-$P/m^2{\cdot}day$ and 4.99-36.56mg-$N/m^2{\cdot}day$. And it was found that release rate was measured higher in the 1st sampling than in the 2nd sampling. And for determination of the humus level of sediment, carbon and nitrogen content were measured by using elemental analyzer. Generally, C/N ratio is used to determine humus level of lake sediment. As a result of elemental analysis, C/N ratio was determined in the range of 7.64~11.55, so humus level of Dae-cheong lake sediment was estimated from mesohumic state to oligohumic state.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 1983

The number of aerobic free-living nitrogen fixation bacteria and factors in soil at different stands covered with Pinus rigida, Quercus acutissima and Zoysia japonica in Cheongju area were investigated from Feb. to Sept 1981. 1. The numbers of $N_2-fixation$ bacteria, according to the seasonal changes, increased gradually from winter to spring and summer. But the growth pattern revealed some differences in accordance with plant cover stands : the numbers increased abruptly in May at Pinus, May-June at Quercus and Apr. May at Zoysia stand. The pick of numbers represented in Aug. Sept, at Pinus, Jul-Aug. at Quercus and May-Jun. at Zoysia stand, respectively. 2. The interrelationship between the monthly changes of enviotnmental factors and numbers of $N_2-fixation$ bacteria at different stands, mainly depends upon the soil temperature than other soil factors (r=0.71-0.84). The numbers of $N_2-fixation$ bacteria may increase 5-7 times according to increase $10^{\circ}C$ of soil temperature, and optimal range was $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ for growth. Equation of the interrelation between soil temperature and numbers could be stated as follows : log y=ax+b. 3. In the case of high soil temperature, the bacterial numbers presented high level in drought periods. Therefore, the $N_2-fixation$ bacterial species in these soil seem to consist of resistant to desication. 4. The influence of soil organic matter for growth of $N_2-fixation$ bacteria indicated low conrelation. The reason may seen the content of organic matter in these soil existed abundantly above the quantities of limitation for growth. 5. In artifical gradients, the $N_2-fixation$ bacteria were predominated at $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ same as natural condition, pH7-8, and 20-30% of soil water contents. 6. The vertical distribution of bacteria marked decreasing trends from surface to lower layers, and the decreasing degree was shown well in Zoysia, Quercus and Pinus stand in order. But in the trees, the numbers increased at 30cm layer estimated the region of root than 20cm layer. 7. Both catalase megative and positive group of $N_2-fixation$ bacteria in soil increased according to the rise of the soil temperature. Catalase positive group was revealed as dominant group in winter, and catalase negative group revealed in summer. The change of dominant pattern was shown during Feb. to Apr.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.251-261
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively estimate the settling property for fine-cohesive sediments in Keum Estuary and to evaluate the spatial variation by analyzing and comparing the local and seasonal variation of the settling properties in Keum Estuary with that of the settling properties in the other sites. After the spatial variation of physico-chemical properties such grain size distribution, the percentage of organic contents, mineralogical composition etc is investigated through experiments and analyses, interrelation between the physico-chemical properties and settling velocities and effect that the physico-chemical properties have on the quantitative variation of settling velocities were also analyzed in this study. Experimental results of settling tests shows that settling velocities of Keum Estuary mud vary in the range of two orders of magnitude (from 0.01 to 1mm/sec) over the corresponding concentration range of 0.1 to 80 g/L, and a feature of settling velocity profile is quite different in quantity as compared to those of previous studies with mud of other regions: Saemankuem, Tampa Bay, Sevem Estuary and lake Okeechobee. However, their local and seasonal variabilities within Keum Estuary appear to be insignificant.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.20 no.3 s.57
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

Recently, indoor air quality (IAQ) in workplace, residential environments and schools has been concerned of people, scientists and related the public, and has recognized the healthy effectsrelated to IAQ, specially in schools in Korea. Therefore, objectives of this study in this study were to measure and compare the perception of TAQ of selected air pollutants in Seoul from April to September 2004. Measurement place measured 2 schools of Seoul and local 9 schools (by Kyonggi Province, Chungchong-bukdo Chungchong-namdo, Chollado-bukdo, Cholla-namdo, Kyongsang-bukdo, Kyongsang-namdo, Kwangju, schoolin Pusan each 1 place). Temperature, humidity, illumination, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, TBC (total bacteria count), noise, PM10, TVOC(total volatile organic compounds), HCHO (formaldehyde) were measured simultaneously. Also, we Performed a questionnaire survey of 250 students and 50 teachers about their awareness for the importance of IAQ in their schools. Among this article, we handled noise, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, TBC, TVOC, HCHO, PM 10 in our conclusion. Major results were as follows ; Carbon monoxide (CO) was lower than indoor air standard of Korea. Carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$ appeared that 4 schools among our sample target school exceeded in normal standard. 4 schools were almost similar with normal standard. TBC appeared that 7 schools among 11 schools were higher than standard. Noise measured school's mean value passed exceeded standard. And school which passed over standard appeared to 7 schools among 11 schools. HCHO was exceeded 4 schools by standard that excess and certainly interrelation between school's establishment year and facilities of construction was detected. PM10 was exposed all schools by fitness in standard. TVOC appeared that 9 schools among 11 measurement school was exceeded health effect standard of Japan.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 1997

This study was carried out to clarify seasonal changes of chemical compositions and their interrelation in leaves, shoots and berries treated with gibberellin($GA$_{3}$)for seedless grapes in ‘Delaware’grapevines. the clusters were dipped twice with 100ppm $GA_{3}$: 10 days befor and after the full bloom. The reaults obtained as follows; 1. Cumulative growth curve of berry fresh weight showed a double sigmoid curve and the characteristics of three distinctive growth stages(I, II, III)were weekened with $GA_{3}$ treatment. 2. while the contents of ash, total carbon, total nitrogen and total carbohydratd had little reation with edvelopment and ripeness of berries, those of total sugar and starch jad close relation, viz., they decreased with enlargement and maturity fo berries, but increased rapidly after harvest in leaves and shoots. Especially, total sugars in leaves and shoots decreased coincidently with starch-increasing in shoots at November. 3. The contents of total soluble solid and reducing sugar in berries increased rapidly at growth stage III, but those of total titratable acidity and organic acid decreased coincidently with sugar-increasing. 4. The berry-hardness increased until growth stage I, and then stagnated until gtowth stage II, and then increased rapidly at growth stage III. pH of berry-juice decreased until growth stageII, afterwards increased at growth stage III. 5. By correlation and path coefficient analysis between qualitative characters and the ratio of total soluble solid to titratable acidity($^{\circ}$Brix/Acidity), total correlation coefficients were all highly significant. Of these characters, pH and viscosity of berry-juice were positive, but brightness and hardness of berry, negative. The direct effect of pH on $^{\circ}$Brix/Acidity ratio, p4y=0.9090, was large positively and those of berry-hardness and juice-viscosity, p1y=0, 5938, median and, p2y=0, 3550, small, respectively. Direct effect of brightness was negatively small.