• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.369-374
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• 2022

Purpose: Focused ultrasound is an emerging technology for treating the brain locally in a noninvasive manner. In this study, we have investigated the influence of skull properties on simulating transcranial pressure field. Methods: A 3D computational model of transcranial focused ultrasound was constructed using female and male CT data to solve for intracranial pressure. For heterogeneous model, the acoustic properties were calculated from CT Hounsfield units based on a porosity. The homogeneous model assigned constant acoustic properties for the single-layered skull. Results: A computational model was validated against empirical data. The homogeneous models were then compared with the heterogeneous model, resulted in 10.87% and 7.19% differences in peak pressure for female and male models respectively. For the focal volume, homogeneous model demonstrated more than 94% overlap compared with the heterogeneous model. Conclusion: Homogeneous model can be constructed using MR images that are commonly used for the segmentation of the skull. We propose the possibility of the homogeneous model for the simulating transcranial pressure field owing to comparable focal volume between homogeneous model and heterogeneous model.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated sleep quality in female full-time homemakers and evaluated the relationship of sleep disturbance with psychological and socio-environmental factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study adopted a structured survey and sequential recruitment method for randomized participation of community-dwelling full-time female homemakers. Sleep quality and mental health were measured using the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (K-PSQI), Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (K-BDI-II), Korean version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI), and Korean version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (K-BHS). The willingness-to-pay (WTP) method was selected to measure the self-evaluated monetary value of household service work. The relationship among the main relevant factors was statistically analyzed through a mediation model. Results: A total of 166 participants were analyzed and classified having poor versus good sleep quality (poor : 24.1%, n = 40 ; good : 75.9%, n = 126 ; cut-off point = 9 on the K-PSQI). Significant between-group differences were observed in mental health status (K-BDI-II, p < 0.001 ; K-BAI, p < 0.001 ; K-BHS, p = 0.003). The moderated mediation model was verified, indicating that depression may mediate the association between nurturing burden and sleep disturbance. The path from nurturing burden to depression may be moderated by average monthly household income. Conclusion: A relatively high portion of full-time female homemakers may suffer from sleep disturbance and interactions between psychological and socio-environmental factors might determine sleep quality, suggesting the need for public health policies targeting improvement of sleep quality and mental health among full-time homemakers.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine female consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions toward intimate apparel brands. To understand female consumers' shopping behaviors for intimate apparel products, this study examined interrelationships among brand familiarity, perceived risk, attitudes, and purchase intentions toward intimate apparel brands. A conceptual model was developed by adopting perceived risk theory (Cox, 1967) and theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980). A pre-survey using a paper and pencil was conducted to identify the most familiar intimate apparel brand to young female consumers. The majority of pre-survey respondents (66 female college students) indicated Victoria's Secret as the most prominent intimate apparel brand. Therefore, Victoria's Secret was used to examine possible effects of brand familiarity on perceived risk and attitudinal and behavioral responses toward the brand. Using a web-based survey, 384 complete responses were collected from young female college students between the ages of 18-29 at a Mid-southern U.S. university. A structural equation modeling was employed to test the proposed research model and hypotheses. Results showed positive, statistically significant associations among the four variables (e.g., brand familiarity, perceived risk, attitudes, and purchase intentions). The findings suggested that young female consumers who are familiar with a particular intimate apparel brand are likely to perceive a low level of risk, leading to positive, strong attitudes with purchase intentions toward that particular intimate apparel brand. This suggests establishing brand familiarity through integrated marketing communication is crucial for risk reduction strategy in intimate apparel shopping.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1994.03a
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• pp.218-222
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• 1994

The chassis of T.V, cassette, radio and telephone are made up thin-iron plates that makes a lot of female screws to assemble various parts. Then makes hole in the iron plate and forming female screws of burring face after the burring. Female screws forming in thin-iron plate is very difficult working then rolled forming process use of plastic deformation instead of cut forming. In this study goals are solve the trouble problem of industrial field and develop new model tap for prevent chips.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.445-450
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• 1972

The author collected 93 male stone model and 93 female stone model of upper and lower jaw of the koreans as samples and studied the degree of attrition with age increase. Determining the degree of attrition, each normal cusp were given 40 points and calibrated into percentage. The percentage score were examined and analized, and came to the following conclusions. 1) Increased age were found graudually higher the degree of attrition at 10 to 20 age,. The degree of attrition presented localized disappearance of marginal-ridges and marginal grooves. At 30 up to 40 age, about 40 to 50% of the degree of attrition were found gradually on cusp ridges and grooves At 50 to 60 age, it was found about 70 to 80% of attrition. 2) Male score was slightly higher than female. 3) There was no significant difference between male and female score.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.807-812
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to empirically investigate the effect of gender discrimination to female workers in Korean shipping firms on the their organization commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. In carrying out the objective of this study, two hypotheses about the structural relationship among gender discrimination, organization commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors in the Korean shipping firms are established after reviewing the related studies. Survey questionnaires are distributed and analyzed to test the reliability and validity of the response. Also, a structural equation model is established and the model is analyzed by AMOS. In conclusion, there are a negative effect of gender discrimination on female workers' organizational commitment and a positive effect of their commitment on OCB. Through this paper, the comprehensive understanding of the structural relationship among gender discrimination, organization commitment and organizational citizenship behavior would be promoted.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.510-521
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• 2019

This study investigated the effect of career education using female scientists role models on science-related attitude, science career awareness, gender stereotype of science-related career, and image of scientists. Interaction effect with students' gender were also investigated. The subjects of this study were 70 $5^{th}$ grader. The experimental group was introduced career education using female scientists role models with 7 cases of female scientists in the form of 10 minutes movies or cartoons, while the comparison group performed reading science books. The results showed that science-related attitudes and science career awareness of experimental group were significantly higher than control group, not only for girls but has for boys. Gender stereotype of science-related career has changed more neutrally in experimental group. After the career education using female scientists role models, more female scientists were presented in students' image of scientist in DAST. This results showed positive effects of the career education using female scientists role models and educational implications were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2018

The development of modern information technology has increased the amount of big data about patients' information and diseases. In this study, we developed a prediction model of diabetes using the health examination data provided by the public data portal in 2016. In addition, we graphically visualized diabetes incidence by sex, age, residence area, and income level. As a result, the incidence of diabetes was different in each residence area and income level, and the probability of accurately predicting male and female was about 65%. In addition, it can be confirmed that the influence of X on male and Y on female is highly to affect diabetes. This predictive model can be used to predict the high-risk patients and low-risk patients of diabetes and to alarm the serious patients, thereby dramatically improving the re-admission rate. Ultimately it will be possible to contribute to improve public health and reduce chronic disease management cost by continuous target selection and management.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.622-635
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test a structural model for sleep quality in female shift work nurses. The hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of Spielman's 3P model of insomnia and previous research related to the sleep quality of shift nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study used structural equation modeling and recruited 285 female shift work nurses from four general and university hospitals with over 300 beds located in C and J cities in Gyeongsangnamdo. Data were collected from September 27 to October 20, 2016, and then analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and structural equation modeling. The study used SPSS/Win 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 in processing the data. Results: The final model showed good fit to the empirical data: ${\chi}^2/df=2.19$, SRMR=.07, RMSEA=.07, AGFI=.85, TLI=.91, GFI=.93, GFI=.89, NFI=.87. The factors that influenced sleep quality were sleep hygiene (${\beta}=.32$), perceived shift work status (${\beta}=-.16$), stress response (${\beta}=.16$), shift work experience (${\beta}=.15$), perceived health status (${\beta}=-.14)$, and circadian rhythm (${\beta}=-.13$) explaining 36.0% of the variance. Conclusion: The model of sleep quality of the shift work nurses constructed in this study is recommended as a model to understand and predict the sleep quality of shift work nurses. The results suggest that strategies for improving the sleep quality of shift work nurses should focus on sleep hygiene, perceived health status, stress response, circadian rhythm, perceived shift work status, and shift work experience.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.147-157
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• 2014

Women's roles have changed substantially in economically developed countries; subsequently, the ratio of female drivers has also increased. In such countries, there has been considerable interest in assessing gender differences in vehicle accident risks and reasons to explain the gender differences. This study investigates the gender differences in vehicle accident risk based on 500,000 drivers randomly selected from a population sample. A Heckman model is used for accident damage and a negative binomial model is used for the accident frequency. Empirical results show that male drivers are 8.3% riskier than female drivers in terms of accident damage; however, female drivers are 113% risker than male drivers in term of accident frequency. We can implement more practical policies to reduce vehicle accidents if we can understand the reasons for the gender differences.