• 한국의사학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.43-46
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• 2010

Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam is a general medical literature, writing by Korea physician Xujun, who makes reference of Chinese medical literatures, Taoist literatures, historical records, Confucian literatures and so forth prior Ming Dynasty. It coveres many fields, such as medical theory, etiology, pulse theory, herb, prescription, internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, acupuncture, regimen, YunQi and so forth. Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam combines medical science and many others, using clustering arrangements, fully reflects Xujun's academic thoughts, and his rich clinical experiences.

• 복식
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2004

The significant role of colors in fashion design is not enough to emphasize in terms of one of the important design elements and its influences on the behaviors of the people. The purpose of this research is to examine the traditional Chinese colors and its ways of color combinations to appreciate the Chinese culture and its people. The Chinese traditional costume of Ching Dynasty were investigated through historic records, historic nobles, costume accessories and so on. The results of the study were summarized as follows： (1) The Blue was the most favoured color for clothing among men and women during Ching dynasty and various blues in terms of hue, value and intensities were used. (2) The bright Yellow which had been a symbol of Emperor were prohibited being used among people. Though, the late period of Dynasty, the regulation became not to strict and various shades of yellow families were adapted among People. (3) The Red which had been preferred during Ming Dynasty were constantly favoured for the formal wears of auspicious events such as weddings. (4) Dark color groups were loved for the clothing which were used as a ground colors against the flamboyant patterns revealing strong visual effects through value contrast or primary color combinations. (5) The White had a symbol of mourning and there were some intentions to adopt pale color groups such as mint, jade, gray, moon whit,. silver white to make up for white. (6) Contrast color combinations were one of the basic ways of color combination in Chinese traditional costume. Therefore Chinese color combinations has a strong visual effect and easy to draw attention of people by the contrast of the hue, value or intensity of color. (7) Multi-color combinations were another characteristics of Chinese costume in the formal wears which bears many surface designs. The surface decorated with full of motifs, were appreciated by the people expressing their longings and hopes through the auspicious meanings of patterns and striking visual effects of color combinations.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제29권
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• pp.345-382
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• 1995

The type printing of first Ch'ing dynasty term in China is worthy to be studied because the type printing during that period included metal type, wood type, and clay type as well as the development phase was similar to Chosun dynasty culturally and technologically. This paper studied typography during the first Ch'ing dynasty term, including Shunzhi(1662-1722), Yongaheng(1723-1735), Qianlong(1736-1795), Jiaqing(1796­1820) period. The main results of the study is as follows. 1. The main body of type printing was bookstore, lecture-hall, and individual as well as the royal court that is the central government. 2. The content of type edition covers classics, history, philosophy, and literary works. Specifically, even though Wuyingdienjuzhenban series is excluded, the content includs study of the classics, class of the history, class of the philosophy, literature works that include collection works and novel and government official bulletin. 3. The printing technique of bronze type was very popular In Beijing. Jiangsu, and Taiwan. It's scale and production technique was more elaborate than in Ming dynasty. 4. Wood type was very popular in Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, and Fujian. In addition to wood type, chinese ware type was applied to book printing in Shandong. However, most of them were wood type and they were used after Qianlong period. 5. The production technique of type was skilled enough to present the fine view of a style of type. The typesetting technique was improved as much as woodblock printing. With regard to the making technology of Chinese ink, the light and darkness of chinese ink was not even sometimes. But, the technology was improved significantly when comparing with the failure experience of printing that chinese ink was not developed in early type invention. 6. In case that the book was printed in bookstore with the intention of profit and the number of book was large, the proofreading attitude was rough. However, overally, it was made correction carefully applying the various methods of proofreading. 7. The support of government made a great contribution in the area of all printing technology, including production, typesetting, and brushing of type.

• 복식
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.133-148
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• 2016

This study examined dahoe(多繪-braided cord) and mangsu(網綬-ornament of husu for ceremonial dress) used in myeon gwan(冕冠), daedae(大帶), and husu(後綬) among royal formal dresses in the Joseon Dynasty(1392-1910) based on historical materials including literature, relics, and paintings. The results of this study are as follows. In myeon-gwan, dahoe was used for cap strings, goeing(紘) and yeong(纓). Cap strings were applied to the king, the Crown Prince, and the eldest son of the Crown Prince regardless of their status, and they showed differences among the periods. Both goeing and yeong were used during the early period of Joseon, and then only yeong was used in the late period. As goeing was removed and only yeong was used in the late period, patterns combining goeing and yeong, in color and wearing method, appeared. Dahoe used in cap strings is dongdahoe(童多繪-a kind of braided cord). In daedae, 'nyuyak(紐約)' was tied up to its fastening part. The material of nyuyak was changed from dongdahoe in the early Joseon Dynasty to guangdahoe(廣多繪-a kind of braided cord) in the late period, and the method of using it was also changed. Husu was imported from Beijing in China during the early period of the Joseon Dynasty, but in 1747, it was regulated to be woven in Joseon, and at that time, King Yeongjo attempted to restore the institution of weaving husu with "320 su(首)," namely, 6,400 strands as specified for the status of a prince of the Ming Dynasty.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.23-50
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• 2011

"LeiGongPaoZhiLun" is the first pharmaceutical book, and there are various opinion on when LeiXiao(雷斅), the author lived. From the aspect of several data, it is appropriate most that LeiXiao live in the period of Sui(隋) Dynasty, like SuSong(蘇頌) in the Sung Dynasty said, This book was not made at one time by one person. At the beginning, it was written by LeiXiao and the later generations enlarged to finish. The original of "LeiGongPaoZhiLun" disappeared already but a large amount of this book was quoted to "ZhengLeiBenCao(證類本草)" to be preserved. The contents of "LeiGongPaoZhiLun" are the first professional book about processing of medicinal, in which most of processing of medicinal that is generally used today, is included and some methods are unused. Besides, the regulations of this book are specific, the range is broad, and theoretical frame is established for the first time. This book has abundant contents, in which several processing of medicinal are written. There are 10 methods such as steaming(蒸法), boiling(煮法), baking(炮法), stir-frying(炒法), calcining(煅法), long time boiling(煉法), scorching(燒法), baking after wrapping(煨法), immersing(浸法), washing(洗法), flying(飛法), etc. How to remove some section that is not used for drug, how to separate according to medical use and region to be applied, how to smash, how to cut, how to dry, container for medicine, warning for making a prescription, time to make medicine and amount of medicine, how to distinguish superior and inferior and origin, how to make medicine partially, etc, are contained in this book. The contents of "LeiGongPaoZhiLun" can be mixture of processing of medicinal of medical scientists and taoists. In conclusion, however, the effect by the later medical generations of "LeiGongPaoZhiLun" was not great on processing of medicinal. It stemmed from the difference of processing of medicinal in this very taoistic book that realistic difficulties were disregarded by taoists for training and practical purpose, treatment that is the reason that later medical generations used processing of medicinal. Consequently, there is no great relation between the development of processing of medicinal in the Sung Dynasty and this book. "LeiGongYaoXingFu(雷公藥性賦)" that was abundant in medical market in Ming(明) and Qing(清) period has no relation with "LeiGongPaoZhiLun" is kind of a distribution-purposed book that was mnge in or after Ming Dynasty. However, since a book that is said to be written by 'LiGao(李杲)'PaoZhihis nof a dijust borrowed and focus on a brief summery, it is not desirable for beginners to learn medical knowledge. "LeiGongPaoZhiLun" is the first pharmaceutical book and is a model to show how a science in the history of the herb medicine generated and developed and how such a book is changed and modified to make a change of value.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제33호
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• pp.159-191
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• 2008

본고는 18세기 영남 지방의 선비였던 명암(明庵) 정식(鄭?)(1683-1746, 숙종9-영조22)의 시작(詩作)에 나타난 은일지사적(隱逸之士的) 특성에 대한 입체적인 고찰을 목적으로 한다. 그는 지절(志節)에 있어서 대단히 강개한 측면을 지니고 있었는데, 청나라가 들어선지 약 40년 후 출생했으나, '명암(明庵)'이라는 그의 호에서 드러나듯 여전히 명나라를 숭모와 추앙의 대상으로 여기는 데 변함이 없었으며, 평생 동안 벼슬을 거부한 채 초야에서 독야청청(獨也靑靑)의 지사(志士)로 살다 갔다. 당시 명암이 살던 진주(晋州) 권역은 남명 이후 실천적 도학의 분위기가 팽배했던 지역이다. 이런 관점에서 볼 때 은거는 명암이 택한 실천적 행동의 한 양상이었으리라 유추할 수 있다. 명암의 시에 대해서는 여러 방향에서 논의가 가능한데 본고에서는 다음 두 가지 사항에 초점을 맞추었다. 첫째, 세상에 대한 그의 자세, 즉 은거라는 측면과 관련해서 작품을 살폈다. 둘째, 시를 분석하는 데 있어서 단순히 은거시를 검토한다는 평면적인 관점에 머물지 않고, 당당하고 거침없는 무애인(無碍人)의 기상, 한거(閑居)에 내재된 자기 연민과 우울의 감정, 그리고 사물에 대한 섬세한 묘사와 정감(情感)의 표출이라는 세 항목이 서로 유관(有關)함을 밝히고, 이들 각각에 대해 차례로 탐색하는 입체적인 방법을 시도해 보았다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2006

Objectives : ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ is a medical literature dealing deeply with the theory of internal organs thought to be the core of theories in Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to explorer on the formation and the organization of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$. Methods : We investigated the process of the formation of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ and analyzed the organization of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ on the medical-historical points of view. Results : As a result from studies. Main contents include 11 pieces of pictures about the positions of the regions of acupuncture and moxibustion as well as the internal organs, in addition to descriptions in detail regarding each disease in the internal organs, problems occurred among them, obstinate diseases, etc. Conclusions : A published book in Ming Dynasty and another transcribed by someone in Qing Dynasty as the xylographic books of this literature in China, which turned out to books referred considerably to contents of YangGae's ${\ulcorner}JonJinDo{\lrcorner}$, a famous doctor in Northern Song Dynasty in China. Moreover, the main contents of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ greatly affected the theories of the internal organs for the following generations as they were quoted in Yicheon's ${\ulcorner}UiHakYipMun{\lrcorner}$ in Ming Dynasty in China.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

In this thesis, the emphasis is laid especially on the culture & structure of Huizhou Province, China as the prime mover of the specifically-regional Huizhou $X{\bar{i}}n^{\prime}{\bar{a}}n$ medicine. Huizhou was the home town & stronghold of Neo-coufucian masters Cheng-Zhu (Cheng brothers and Zhu-hsi)". The tradition of the region as "The arts province" resulted in the flourishing trend of nurturing prominent Confucian-doctors. The remarkable all round activities of Huizhou Merchants (新安商人 $X{\bar{i}}n^{\prime}{\bar{a}}nsh{\bar{a}}ngr{\acute{e}}n$), as the reigning power merchant at the period were the second mover of the Zeitgeist. Their nation-wide network all over China made it possible to gain valuable inlormation and access to news including the field of medicine in time. Some merchants actually have "abandoned their own jobs to become doctors of medicine". This Confucian-Merchant culture was one of intrinsic characteristics of Huizhou region, inducing "Pragmatic Scholarship". With the enlargement of the population of Confucian-tumed doctors and improvement of the societal status of doctors, the resultant occupational triad of local Confucian govemment officials, local $X{\bar{i}}n^{\prime}{\bar{a}}nsh{\bar{a}}ngr{\acute{e}}n$ merchants, and local doctors was established after the Middle-Ming Dynasty. Ultimately, the two prime movers of the concomitant development of medicine in the Province Huizhou in this study are concluded to be the synergy effects of the Neo-Confucian tradition and economic power of the prevalent Huizhou Merchants ($X{\bar{i}}n^{\prime}{\bar{a}}nsh{\bar{a}}ngr{\acute{e}}n$).

• 생약학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 1980

In this paper, we studied what the drug name of Sang-Baik-Pi(桑白皮) Mori Cortex Radicis) is, how to collect it; and how the chief symptoms had changed in the chinese medical references and herbological literatures and formularies. Also we bibliographically analyzed in the herbological way the drugs combinated with Sang-Baik-Pi and their active principles among the prescriptions in the famous medical book; 'Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam', (東醫寶鑑) of our country. Finally, we concluded as foolow. Numerous names of botainical origin were described, but it was not recorded that San-Keun-Baik-Pi(桑根白皮) in old days is different from root bark of Morus sp. in this times. Sang-Baik-Pi has been a common designation since Ming dynasty (AD 1500). Collections of it were independent of seasons, it could effect perfectly over 10 years old. And its cork layer should be removed after collections, it was especially emphacised that root bark on ground was poisonous. The chiefly cured symptoms with Sang-Baik-Pi were constantly not different from the contents of 'Shin-Nong-Bon-Chau-Kyung'(神農本草經) in ancient times, but it has been developed since Ming dynasty. Its uses are widely extended to a surgical and dermatologic desease; rheumatis, beriberi and diabetes in this times. and its efficacies depend upon curing. Prescriptions on Sang-Baik-Pi that were prescribed in 'Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam' are there, 177 drugs combinated with it. Glycyrrhizae Radix is most frequently combinated with Sang-Baik-Pi(frequently 68%). It is proved that Armeniacae Semen, Platycodi Radix etc, in the order take strong effects on anti-tussive, anti-phlogistic, diuretic, anti-pyretic etc. It is expressed 34 times, frequently, that a dose is 3.75g, and it shows that a usual doses is 2-4g. As the above prescriptions are classified, the results is as follows, respiratory tract desease is most frequently in 69 prescriptions, the next gastrointestinal tract 13 times, diuretic 12 times, and antipyretic 11 times. Therefore, Sang-Baik-Pi contains a good remedial value chiefly of the effects upon the respiratory diseases.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.238-261
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• 2012

본 연구는 조선시대 성균관을 끼고 도는 물인 반수의 역사적 기원과 문화적 함의에 대한 고찰을 통해 한국 전통조경에서 학교 조경의 특질을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 반수를 기록한 최초의 문헌인 "시경"에서 반수는 반궁 곁에 흐르는 하천으로 묘사되어 있었다. 그러나 후대에 반수는 제후의 학교인 반궁(泮宮) 조영에 있어 필수적인 조경시설이 되었고, 묘학의 중요한 위상을 점유한 수계로 인식되었다. 조선시대 성균관 반수의 개념은 학교 동서로 물이 흐르고 남쪽에서 합류되는 물길을 말하며, 성균관은 국초에 개성 성균관의 공간구성을 답습하여 이러한 지세가 있는 곳에 입지되었다. 또한 고려시대의 반수제도는 송대의 반수개념에 영향을 받은 것으로 여겨지는데, 이것은 묘학 내부에 반원형의 반지를 조성하는 명 청시대 이후 정형화된 중국의 전범과는 달리, 조선시대 성균관이 묘학 외부의 수계를 반수로 이용하게 된 원인으로 판단된다. 조선시대의 반수 조영관은 몇몇 향교와 서원의 택지에 있어서도 중요한 조건으로 고려되었던 것으로 조사되었으며, 조선시대 창건된 향교와 서원에서 학교 둘레를 흐르는 물길은 반수 조영관에 입각하여 재고되어야 할 것이다.