• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.2006-2021
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• 2010

An authentic national spirit in media (particularly films), traditional images, and color preferences is expressed through movies that are melted in local traditions. This study suggests a direction regarding the characteristics for historical costumes by examining traditional color images and cultural preference in the Chinese film (1987), a representative film that deals with Chinese history and traditions. This movie can illustrate the correlation between the temporal backgrounds and the costumes in the movie with the criteria of Eastern color systems. The results of this research are summarized as follows. First, the image of Chinese traditional colors represented in many parts of and the cultural preferences that underlies their works through the expression of traditional colors. The scenes of traditional costumes and colors express the visual embodiments of the costumes that reflect a specific status, ceremony, or ritual. Second, the traditional colors used in the movie are based on the Yin-Yang theory. Particularly, Red, Yellow, Black is mostly used for ordinary clothing. Third, there are some differences in the use of color arrangements, that change regarding the use of traditional colors according to images and situations that follow the intention of the director. Planning the color arrangements is considered an engaging connectivity between traditions and images in the movie and it is extended or reduced based on cultural preferences. Fourth, the increase and decrease of color arrangements is distinctively represented as the story of the movie proceeds.

• 복식
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.70-81
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• 2005

This paper researches the system of official uniforms and characteristics of the system based on Ming-Shi(明史), Da-Ming-Hui-Dian(大明會典) and Hong-Wu-Li-Zhi(洪武禮制) in the emperor Hong-wu(洪武帝) of Ming dynasty(明). The system could be divided in to three terms, i.e., the early (initial), the middle and the end (last) terms. In the first(1368) & the third year of the emperor's reign (1370) the system of official uniforms was simple f9r his people not to be luxurious and for revived the system of official uniforms of the Han dynasty(漢) and annulled the system of the Yuan dynasty(元), be-cause the country was not stable yet. During the middle term of Hong-wu, the 14th (1381) to 16th (1383) year of his reign, people attained luxurious lives and developed a strong sense of rank as the country became more stable. As a result, the system became more complicated when the emperor used the costumes to represent political and social ranking. In the end of the emperor's age, the 23rd (1390) to 26th (1393), it reveals his strong intention to establish a system of costumes that separated the ruler from the ruled. He wanted to strengthen the power of Emperor for his little grandson, Jian-wen(建文帝), who would succeed to the throne and would have absolute power. These changes became fundamental to the Ming dynasty's costume system and the Ming dynasty kept them for long time.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• 제1권
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• pp.81-96
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• 2019

This paper attempts to rethink the ancient Emperor's Capital transition process from the viewpoint of territorial history. Emperor Tenmu, who planned first capital as Fujiwara-kyo in Asuka region, had a grand plan to put multiple cities in Japan. At that time the important cities were situated along east-west axis. However, since relocation of the capital from Fujiwara-kyo to Heijyo-kyo, the axis had turned towards north-south direction. The last ancient capital Heian-kyo was clearly organized utilizing north-south water systems in territorial sense.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.36-52
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• 2017

In this study, we tried to understand preschooler clothing trends and identify the purchase behaviors of various consumers, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and parents, who are the main consumers of the preschooler clothing market. We conducted in-depth interviews with consumers who were interested in preschooler clothing, purchased it frequently, and bought preschooler clothing within the last three months. Their purchase motivations and purchase behaviors were analyzed through exploratory and inductive analysis. The analysis was conducted by integrating categories into one process centered on core categories through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of this study included that 1) a variety of clothing purchase behaviors appeared as a central phenomenon, 2) the causal conditions that contributed to this phenomenon were the buyers' childcare experiences, purchase experiences, the personal consumption values of individuals, and income levels, 3) in response to the central phenomenon, the parents' action/interaction strategies were acceptance and rejection of purchased clothing, 4) contextual and Intervening conditions affecting action/interaction strategy were family environment changes, the VIB (Very Important Baby) phenomenon, parents' clothing involvement, and the relationship with the buyers, and acceptance by the users, and 5) as a result of the strategy expressed as acceptance and rejection, various clothing behaviors emerged. In this study, we identified that there are various influencers, apart from parents, involved in children's clothing consumption. Therefore, we need to keep in mind that various purchase behaviors and clothing trends that appear during one's childhood may affect the individual's clothing behavior in the future.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.192-209
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• 2014

국가 중요문화재가 환수되었다. 버락 오바마 미국 대통령이 지난 2014년 4월 25일 청와대에서 열린 박근혜 대통령과의 한미정상회담에서 조선왕실과 대한제국에서 사용한 인장 9점을 한국 측에 정식 반환한 것이다. 이들 인장은 한국전쟁에 참전한 미국 해병대 장교가 덕수궁에서 불법으로 반출한 문화재로 그 후손이 보관해 오다가, 지난해 11월 샌디에이고에서 미국 국토안보부 수사국(HSI)에 의해 압수되었으며 불법 반출임이 밝혀짐에 따라 한국으로의 반환이 결정된 유물들이다. 환수한 유물은 대한제국의 국새인 <황제지보(皇帝之寶)>, 어보인 <수강태황제보(壽康太皇帝寶)>를 비롯해, 조선시대 국새인 <유서지보(諭書之寶)>와 <준명지보(濬明之寶)> 등 2점과, 왕실 소장 사인(私印)인 <쌍리(雙?)>, <우천하사(友天下士)>, <연향(硯香)>, <춘화(春華)>, <향천심정서화지기(香泉審定書畵之記)> 등 5점으로 총 9점이다. 이 글에서는 환수한 인장문화재의 이해를 위해 우선 대한제국 국새의 제작과 이동경로를 검토하고, 조선시대 국새의 개요 및 왕실 사인 연구의 중요자료인 "보소당인존(寶蘇堂印存)"의 내용을 정리하였다. 또한 환수한 개별 인장들의 제작 배경과 역사적 가치를 검토하고 인장문화재 환수에 대한 남겨진 과제를 제시하였다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.145-160
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• 2009

The most famous thought of Dongjungseo's must be 'the Sky-Earth Response Theory.' The theory includes the Same 'Gi' Correspondence(the Same Category Homology) and explains the relationship between the nature and the men based on Yin-Yang. This theory, commonly studied by the scholars of the political science, however, has been constituting the foundation of the oriental medicine. Also, he insists many other theories related to Yin-Yang including the natural calamity, the treatise of human nature, the name and reality, and the national school of Confucianism, etc. This paper covers the Yin-Yang theory, particularly with regard to ethics. politics, human nature of Dongjungseo, and the comparison of his Yin-Yang and that of the Emperor Inner Cannon. Dongjungseo insists on the harmony of Yin-Yang just only in the area of health care, excluding other areas such as state and family governance. However, in contrast, he asserts the Yang central idea for what he defined as the order of a family, a society and a state. This presents his contradiction and logicality. In the last part of this paper, his logical flaws would be discussed and analysed. However, he is a lucky scholar, because his Yang central idea has been successfully governing peoples for a long time, despite such imperfection and contradiction in his studies.

• 복식
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• 제60권8호
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• pp.132-150
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to study the forms and styles of the costumes in the Peking Opera of China and to figure out the symbolism and aesthetic value of the costumes. The research was done using documentary Peking Opera, the costumes can be seen as a special kind of language which audience members can clearly understand it. Therefore, the spectators can understand instantly the sex, age, personality, and position of the character by seeing the style, color, and patterns of the costumes. As a result, one can call the costumes of Peking Opera, "picturizing costumes". The typical costumes are mangpao, pi, kao, xiezi, yi. Mangpao is the ceremonial robe often used by emperors and officials. It can be worn by lao sheng, xiao sheng and wu sheng. Bright yellow and apricot yellow colors are used exclusively by those who play the parts of emperors, foreign rulers, princes and the Monkey King. The next costume style to be discussed is Pi. Pi is the informal dress for the emperor, and young officials that are involved in civilian or military duties. The third costume style to be explored is Kao: the garment that a stage warrior wears when going into battle. This warrior can have three kinds of armor: the hard armor, the soft armor and the newly revised armor. Fourthly, the costume that is the most commonly worn, xiezi, is examined; it is the informal coat for every one regardless of one's age, sex, role, or level of nobility. Finally, the last of the typical costumes is Yi; this costume category includes numerous kinds of costumes, such as kaichang, baguaiyi, fayi, guanyi, yulinjia, kanjian, toupeng, jianyi, etc

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-87
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• 1999

This study had been analysed the establishment, the closing and the actual conditions of the fisheries school according to the four times revision and promulgation of the law of education of korea which were devided by the early term (the first Chosun educational decree), the middle term (the second Chosun educational decree) and the last term (the third and fourth Chosun educational decree), and also been investigated how the fisheries education of the school had been acted to the mobocracy and the assimilation policy and together with it's back ground through this analysis. The aim of this study is to contribute to the study of the history of the fisheries school education, analysis of change of the fisheries school education according to practical application of the Chosun educational decree. The summary of the characteristic of the each term are as under. First, in the early term of the fisheries education under the first Chosun educational decree, Experts were despatched to the each province with donated money from emperor and opened seasonal the fishing training centre, a kind of social fisheries education, and trained directly fishing technic and were going to train fisheries trainees regularly under name of elementary fisheries school. Japanese imperialism attached great importance to the vocational education in order to snack economical products from colonized Korea but actually had a purpose to train low quality technician who follow blindly their colony policy of Japanese imperialism. The fisheries schools in the circle of system in early time of Japanese imperialism, Kunsan public elementary fisheries school was established in April 1915, Yosu public elementary fisheries school was established ill May 1917 and Kyungnam Tongyoung training school was established in March 1917. Secondly, After 3.1 movement, the Japanese imperialism established an appeasement policy so called cultural politics and continued assimilation policy with skilful methods. After revision of the second Chosun educational decree, the Elementary vocational school was changed as the vocational training school. The school of fisheries education in middle of Japanese imperialism trained low quality technicians to snack fisheries resources from colonized Korea. After the middle of Japanese imperialism they paid attention on training fisheries technician through fisheries school rather than training school. With high interest and crowded volunteers, Kunsan public fisheries school was promoted in 1922, Tongyoung public fisheries school was promoted in 1923, Yongampo fisheries training school established in 1922 was promoted as Yongampo public fisheries school in 1926. Thirdly, in the time of the third and fourth Chosun educational decree, the end of Japanese imperialism, they met Pacific war after Japan vs China war. During the war time they considered the vocational school as the source of supply for materials and manpower and consequently had to expanded vocational education and systematically despatched students to war field and practiced military training. In 1938, Namhae public fisheries school was established and Chungjin fisheries school was permitted. But in order to supply manpower to Pacific war, the study period of Yosu public fisheries school was shorten from 5 years to 4 year in 1943 and also that of Tongyoung public fisheries school shorten in 1944.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제19호
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• pp.317-346
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• 2009

숭의묘는 유비를 주향으로 하고 관우와 장비를 배향한 것 외에도 제갈량·조운·마초·황충·왕보·주창·조루·관평 이상 8인을 종향한 사당이다. 배향 인물 중 관우가 포함되어 있어 관왕묘의 하나로 인식되고 논의되었다. 이는 기존에 있던 관왕묘인 동묘, 남묘, 북묘에 이어 '서묘(西廟)'라고도 불린 명칭에서도 확인된다. 물론 관우라는 인물을 모셨다는 공통분모 때문에 관왕묘와 숭의묘의 관련성을 배제할 수는 없다. 그렇지만 숭의묘는 관왕묘와 차별되는 면모가 있다. 숭의묘는 배향인물의 측면에서 관왕묘보다 격이 높았고 아악·아악악현·육일무가 수반되어 사용되는 악무(樂舞)의 종류가 현격히 달랐다. 러일전쟁 발발 직후 1904년 4월 27일에 첫 봉안의식이 행해진 후 1908년 7월에 폐지되기까지 숭의묘제례가 행해진 기간은 불과 4년 밖에 안 되었기 때문에 비교적 덜 알려져 있었다. 게다가 숭의묘 터를 조선총독부에서 고아원과 맹아원으로 사용해 버리는 바람에 그 묘역까지 철저히 훼손되어 숭의묘의 기억을 되돌릴 공간마저 잃어버렸다. 그러나 숭의묘제례는 조선의 전통적인 제례용 악무(樂舞)의 형태를 두루 갖추어 중사(中祀)격으로 행례된 중요한 국가제례의 하나였다. 또한 고종이 황제로 즉위한 후 대한제국의 군사력을 강화하려는 강병책의 일환으로 구상된 제례로, 칭제(稱帝) 이후 환구제례와 더불어 새롭게 만들어졌으며, 대한제국 최후의 국가사전이라는 측면에서 큰 의의가 있다.

• 역사민속학
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• 제46호
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• pp.195-237
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• 2014

팔사품은 이순신의 위대함을 기억하는 상징물이자 삼도수군통제사의 존재성을 드러내는 의물로서 400년간 통제영과 충렬사에 배향되어 있었다. 이러한 중요성 때문에 1966년 보물 제440호로 지정되었으나 중국에서 전래된 유물이라서 그동안 학계의 주목을 받지 못하였다. 본 연구에서는 팔사품 유물을 중심으로 문헌기록이나 회화 및 한중 관련 자료를 비교 분석하여 양식적 특징을 알아내고, 유물의 제작 연대나 제작지 및 역사적 가치를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 현존하는 8종의 유물 중 5종은 본래의 것이고, 3종은 후대에 새로 제작한 것임을 알 수 있었다. 전자는 도독인(都督印)·영패(令牌)·귀도(鬼刀)·참도(斬刀)·곡나팔이며 1598년 이전 명나라에서 제작되어 진린 장군에 의해 전래된 것이었다. 후자는 깃발[독전기(督戰旗)·홍소령기(紅小令旗)·남소령기(藍小令旗)]들이며 19세기 조선에서 제작한 것이었다. 특히 전자의 유물을 양식적으로 분석한 결과 명 황실의 품격이나 공식적인 성격보다는 개인적이며 광둥지방의 토착적인 특색이 강하게 반영되어 있었다. 이를 통해 팔사품을 중국 명나라 신종황제가 이순신에게 하사한 것이라기보다는 진린 장군이 이순신을 기리기 위해 통제영에 남긴 것임을 밝혀내었다.현존하는 팔사품 유물은 시기별로 명칭이나 품종과 수량 및 부속품에서 변화가 있었는데, 이것을 시대에 따라 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 17세기 조선의 지식인들은 도독인만 주목했다. 그 도장은 명대에 제작된 것은 확실하나, 사인(私印)이어서 진린 도독의 것으로 여겨진다. 둘째, 18세기에는 '팔사물'로 불렀고 8종 14점이며, 1795년 발간된 『이충무공전서』 「도설」에서 확인된다. 이들 중 도독인을 비롯한 5종의 유물은 크기에서 기록과 유사하나, 형태나 문양은 조선에서 발견할 수 없는 이국적인 것이었다. 따라서 중국 광동지방의 향토성이 반영된 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 19세기에도 '팔사물'로 불렀고 8종 15점이며, 1861년 신관호가 그린 <팔사품도> 16곡 병풍에서 확인된다. 도장함과 영패주머니 및 3종의 깃발은 가죽이나 천처럼 쉽게 훼손되는 재료에 조선식 글자와 문양을 넣어 새로 제작한 것이다. 보존에 취약한 유물들은 19세기 말 이후에도 계속 개비되었음을 알 수 있다. 마지막으로 팔사품은 이른 시기에 보물로 지정되었지만 이후 정부의 무관심과 공식적인 기록의 관리 소홀로 오류가 많았다. 앞으로 이에 대한 정부 당국의 관심과 유물의 안정적인 보존을 위한 대책이 마련되어야 한다. 이렇게 팔사품이 영원히 보존될 때 16세기 말 일본의 침략 야욕을 한중 양국의 협력으로 이겨낸 역사를, 또 임진왜란을 승리로 이끈 한국의 이순신장군과 중국의 진린도독을 함께 기억하게 될 것이기 때문이다.