• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.511-544
• /
• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 61개 국가의 환경효율성을 계측하고, 이를 결정하는 국제무역의 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 나아가 환경효율과 1인당 GDP 간의 환경쿠즈네츠 곡선(environmental Kuznet curve)의 존재와 오염피난처 가설을 검정하는 것이다. 1991~2000년까지 고소득국가와 중 저소득국가의 환경효율성은 고소득국가가 0.7286~0.9048, 중 저소득국가가 0.6853~0.7230으로 분포하였고, 매년 고소득국가가 중 저소득국가에 비해 상대적으로 높게 계측되었다. 61개 전체국가에 대한 쿠즈네츠 관계는 존재를 확인할 수 없었고 고소득국가와 중 저소득국가로 구분한 경우 그 존재를 확인할 수 있었다. 무역-관련 변수 중에서 무역의존도, 총 수출대비 오염-집약적 (pollution-intensive) 산업의 수출비중, 해외직접투자의 유입 등은 환경효율성과 통계적 유의성을 보여주었다. 특히 해외직접투자의 유입은 환경효율을 향상시킴으로써 '오염피난처 가설(pollution haven hypothesis)'은 성립하지 않았다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.571-595
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 1971년~2007년까지 아시아 11개국에 대한 일인당 상대(relative per capita) $CO_2$배출량의 확률적 수렴성(stochastic convergence)을 검정하고 일인당 상대 GDP와의 환경쿠즈네츠곡선(Environmental Kuznets Curve: EKC)가설을 검정하고자 하였다. 본 분석을 위하여 다중의 내생적 구조변화(multiple structural breaks)를 허용하고 횡단면 주체간 의존성(cross-sectional dependence)을 고려하는 Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005)의 패널정상성검정(panel stationarity test)과 Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2006)과 Westerlund and Edgerton (2007)의 패널공적분(panel cointegration) 검정 방법 등을 사용하였다. 분석 결과 아시아 국가들에서의 일인당 상대 $CO_2$배출량에서 장기 그룹평균 수준으로 확률적 수렴이 이루어지고 있었고 일인당 상대 GDP와의 사이에 공적분관계가 성립하였지만 EKC 가설의 존재를 발견하지 못하였다. 경제성장 발전에 우선적으로 정책을 집행하고 있는 아시아 국가에서는 오염배출량 감소보다 증가하는 국가들의 영향력이 크게 나타나 EKC 가설이 성립하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.89-112
• /
• 2016

본 논문은 환경쿠즈네츠곡선가설에 기반을 두고, 경제개발 수준과 기술혁신수준이 다른 전세계 88개 국가에 대한 패널데이터를 이용하여, 기술혁신이 이산화탄소배출량 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 기술혁신이 온실가스배출량에 직접적으로 미치는 효과와 소득수준을 변화시켜 온실가스배출량에 미치는 간접적 효과를 종합해본 결과, 비록 미세하지만 기술혁신은 결과적으로 온실가스배출량을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 패널데이터 모형은 각 '시점 내'에서 변수 간 효과를 분석하는 정태적 모형이라는 한계를 가지고 있다. 이를 개선하기 위해 본 논문에서 채용한 Panel VAR(Panel Vector Auto Regression)모형에서는 기술혁신수준이 시차를 두고 온실가스 배출량에 미치는 영향을 분석할 수 있다. 분석 결과 기술혁신(R&D 투자)과 같은 외생적 충격(Shock)이 일인당 온실가스 배출량 감축에 3년 정도의 시차를 두고 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2009

The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental damage and income, and such curves have been used to study how economic growth affects the environment. In this study, we analyzed data for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and for sulfur emissions in the industrialized countries of the United Kingdom, United States of America, and Japan, as well as data for the developing country of China, to determine the relationship between emissions and income in these countries. Attempts by these countries' governments to incorporate environmental policy considerations into the income-environment relationship were also examined. The potential role of the environmental Kuznets curve as a policy tool was investigated. We determined that, at least in the case of sulfur emissions, policies and institutions significantly reduced environmental degradation in the industrialized countries studied. Furthermore, the environmental Kuznets curve can reliably predict the future relationship between environmental impact and GDP for developing countries.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.643-651
• /
• 2007

The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis postulates an inverted-U shaped relationship between GDP per capita and various pollutants. Pollutants emission increases up to a certain level as income goes up; after that, it decreases. This paper investigates the relationship between industry pollutants taking industrial sulfur dioxide omission as example, and economic growth by using province-panel data set from 1989 to 2004 in 28 provinces of P. R. China. The result shows that the EKC hypothesis may be supported in the case of industrial sulfur dioxide, and the GDP per capital of turning point is about RMB 13,548 (at 1978 price). Except Shanghai, all the provinces GDP per capital in this study are less than RMB 13,548, indicating the amount of industrial sulfur dioxide emission will be increasing in the near future. To realize sustainable development and pollutants abatement, the central and local government should adopt an integrated strategy to protect environment.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.437-457
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 환경쿠즈네츠 곡선 가설이 제시하는 환경오염물질의 배출량이 증가하다가 일정 소득 이상이 되면 감소하는 현상에 대해, 그 원인을 미시적인 변수인 인식수준과 연관 지어 설명하는데 목적이 있다. 인식수준은 오염물질의 영향이 지역적(이산화황)이냐 아니면 지구적(이산화탄소)이냐에 따라, 다르게 형성되며, 이에 따라 배출량 변화에 미치는 영향도 상이하게 나타날 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 실증적으로 살펴보면, 오염물질 영향과 인식수준 간에 발생하는 상이한 반응 작용을 간과한 경우, 환경오염물질 배출량이 증가하다가 감소하는 전환점이 과소 혹은 과대 추정될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이와 더불어 오염물질의 영향이 지역적이냐 지구적이냐에 따라, 인식수준에 미치는 영향에 차이가 발생하여, 지역적 오염물질이 글로벌 오염물질에 비해 더 낮은 소득 수준에서 배출량이 증가에서 감소로 전환되는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 도출할 수 있는 정책적 시사점은, 지역적 오염물질에 비해 글로벌 오염물질인 이산화탄소의 저감을 위해서는, 교육과 홍보 등 정부의 적극적 노력이 요구되며, 규제 및 저탄소 기술 개발과 동일한 수준의 국민 의식제고를 위한 노력과 자원 투자가 필요하다는 점이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.295-303
• /
• 2022

This study investigates the impact of globalization, coal consumption, and economic growth on CO₂ emissions in Malaysia by applying the Kuznets Environmental Curve model. The study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag modeling technique on time series data over the period of 1970-2018 to determine the short and long-run relationship between CO₂ emissions and a number of variables, including globalization, coal consumption, and economic growth. The results show that globalization increase CO₂ emissions in both the short and long run in Malaysia. Furthermore, the results reveal that economic growth and coal consumption degrade the environmental quality by accelerating the CO₂ emissions in the short-run and long run. As a result, the findings validate the Kuznets Environmental Curve hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO₂ emissions in the long run for Malaysia. The findings of this study suggest that higher globalization levels and usage of coal consumption degrade the environmental quality in Malaysia. The findings also indicate the effect of economic growth on environmental degradation is positive at the initial stage but improves after the economy achieves a threshold level of income per capita in the economic development process with an inverted U-shaped pattern in the long run.

• 웰빙융합연구
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.19-37
• /
• 2019

Over the last few decades, the atmospheric carbon dioxide emission has been amplified to a great extent in Turkey. This amplification may cause global warming, climate change and environmental degradation in Turkey. Consequently, ecological condition and human life may suffer in the near future from these indicated threats. Therefore, an attempt was made to test the relationship among a number of expected factors and carbon dioxide emissions in the case of Turkey. The study covers the time series data over the period of 1970-2017. We employed the modern econometric techniques such as Johansen co-integration, ARDL bound testing approach and the block exogeneity. The results of the Johansen co-integration test show that there is a significant long-run relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and expected factors. The long-run elasticities of the ARDL model show that a 1% increase in the GDP per capita, electric consumption, fiscal development and trade openness will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.14, 0.52, 0.09 and 0.20% respectively. Further, our findings reveal that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon dioxide emission and economic growth prevails. Therefore, the EKC hypothesis is valid and prevailing in the Turkish economy. The diagnostic test results show that the parameters of the ARDL model are credible, sTable and reliable in the current form. Finally, Block exogeneity analysis displays that all the expected factors are contributing significantly to carbon dioxide emissions in the Turkish economy.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2016

In this paper, the relationship between energy consumption in the logistics industry and economic growth of Tumen River region from 1995 to 2014 is empirically analyzed by using the EKC model theory. The results show that there is a turning point in the Kuznets curve of carbon emission in TumenRiverregion. And it has the characteristic sof "invertedU" curve, which conforms to the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Meanwhile it is stil lintherisingstage. According to the analysis results, it is proposed to set up the concept of low carbon logistics, optimize the energy structure, strengthen the information construction, and establish low-carbon development mechanism and so on.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.209-223
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Korea agricultural productions and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions based on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach - This study utilized time series data of economic growth, greenhouse gas, agricultural productions, trade dependency, and energy usages. In order to econometric procedure of EKC hypothesis, this study utilized unit root test and cointegration test to check staionarity of each variable and also adopted Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to analyze the short and long run relationships. Findings - In the short run, greenhouse gas emissions resulting from economic growth show an inverse U-shape relationship, and an increase in agricultural production and energy consumption led to increase in greenhouse gas emission. In the long run, total GHG emissions and CO2 emissions show an N-shaped relationship with economic growth, and an increase in agricultural production has resulted in a decrease in total GHG and CO2 emissions. However, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions showed an inverse U-shape relationship with economic growth, which indicated the environment and production process of agricultural production. Research implications or Originality - Korea agricultural production has different effects on the GHG emission sources, and in particular, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions show to increase as the agricultural production expansions, so policy or technological development in related sector is required. Especially, in the context of the 2030 GHG reduction road-map, if GHG-related reduction technologies or policies are spread, national GHG emission reduction targets can be achieved and this is possible to predict the decline in production in the sector and damage to the related industries.