• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.53-60
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• 2021

The number of visually impaired and blind people is increasing, but braille translation textbooks for them are insufficient, which violates their rights to education despite their will. In order to guarantee their rights, this paper develops a learning system, HunMinJeomUm, that helps them access textbooks, documents, and photographs that are not available in braille, without the assistance of others. In our system, a smart phone app and web pages are designed to promote the accessibility of the blind, and a braille kit is produced using Arduino and braille modules. The system supports the following functions. First, users select documents or pictures that they want, and the system extracts the text using OCR. Second, the extracted text is converted into voice and braille. Third, a membership registration function is provided so that the user can view the extracted text. Experiments have confirmed that our system generates braille and audio outputs successfully, and provides high OCR recognition rates. The study has also found that even completely blind users can easily access the smart phone app.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.217-225
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• 2013

This paper describes the design and implementation of the kWebAnywhere system based on WebAnywhere, which assists people with severely diminished eye sight and the blind people to access Internet information through Web interfaces. The WebAnywhere is a server-based web reader which reads aloud the web contents using TTS(text-to-speech) technology on the Internet without installing any software on the client's system. The system can be used in general web browsers using a built-in audio function, for blind users who are unable to afford to use a screen reader and for web developers to design web accessibility. However, the WebAnywhere is limited to supporting only a single language and cannot be applied to Korean web contents directly. Thus, in this paper, we modified the WebAnywhere to serve multiple language contents written in both English and Korean texts. The modified WebAnywhere system is called kWebAnywhere to differentiate it with the original system. The kWebAnywhere system is modified to support the Korean TTS system, VoiceText$^{TM}$, and to include user interface to control the parameters of the TTS system. Because the VoiceText$^{TM}$ system does not support the Festival API used in the WebAnywhere, we developed the Festival Wrapper to transform the VoiceText$^{TM}$'s private APIs to the Festival APIs in order to communicate with the WebAnywhere engine. We expect that the developed system can help people with severely diminished eye sight and the blind people to access the internet contents easily.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

Purpose: Since the end of the 1990s the question of detecting blind and vision-impaired persons' tactile walking surface indicators have been rasied, the study of detecting tactile walking surface indicators has been started in Japan, German, and Sweden. Through the study, Japan, German, Sweden, and international's standard was revised. The Korean standard of tactile walking surface indicators was revised in 2013, the remarkable point was missed. Therefore, this study suggested deriving a range of types and dimensions of tactile walking surface indicators reasonable, and presenting the design principles for the development of new tactile walking surface indicators though domestic and international literature review. Method: This study was proceeded by comparison analysis of results from various tactile walking surface indicators' literature review from Japan, German, and Sweden, the most suitable range of types and dimensions was abstracted. Then, the range of types and dimensions was compared to the international standards and international reference standard, the ground rules were confirmed to apply new tactile walking surface indicators design. Results: Rationally, the wide and diameter of projecting line and projecting point should be downsized in order to improve detecting blind and vision-impaired persons' tactile walking surface indicators. And with same purpose, the ratio of the wide and diameter of projecting line and projecting point should be decided. The design of the tactile walking surface indicators in addition to the size and spacing of the protrusions should be to reflect the common elements that have been suggested a number of standard criteria. Implication: In this study, the design principles was derived through test results and theoretical studies, and new tactile walking surface indicators would need to be validated in local user.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.358-359
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• 2018

In this paper, opencv and android studio are used to distinguish between objects ahead of the blind. When the movement is detected in a positive direction in connection with the camera of the smartphone, the user is informed that the part of the camera is being rabelified and continues to track using the mean shift algorithm. A C ++ program based on OpenCV-based was used for real-time motion observation and the application will be produced by android studio. As a result of the study, objects that move with Labeling are identified and the box area is specified using the mean shift algorithm to move the box along with the object to track objects in real time.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.807-814
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• 2014

In this paper, we proposed a haptic navigation system which used the tactile data for the user guides of the mobile robot to the reference point via tele-operation in unknown blind environment. This navigation system can enable a mobile robot to avoid obstacles and move to the reference point, according to the direction provided by the device guides through a haptic device consisting of a vibration motor in a blind environment. There are a great deal of obstacles in real environments, and so mobile robots can avoid obstacles by recognizing the exact position of each obstacle through the superposition of an ultrasonic sensor. The navigation system determines the direction of obstacle avoidance through an avoidance algorithm that uses virtual impedance, and lets users know the position of obstacles and the direction of the avoidance through the haptic device consisting of 5 vibration motors. By letting users know intuitionally, it lets the mobile robot precisely reach the reference point in unknown blind environment. This haptic device can implement a haptic navigation system through the tactile sensor data.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

Cognitive radio has been attracting increased attention as an effective approach to improving spectrum efficiency. One component of cognitive radio, spectrum sensing, has an important relationship with the performance of cognitive radio. In this paper, after a summary and analysis of the existing spectrum-sensing algorithms, we report that the existing eigenvalue-based semi-blind detection algorithm and blind detection algorithm have not made full use of the eigenvalues of the received signals. Applying multi-antenna systems to cognitive users, we design a variety of spectrum-sensing algorithms based on the joint distribution of the eigenvalues of the received signal. Simulation results validate that the proposed algorithms in this paper are able to detect whether the signal of the primary user exists or not with high probability of detection in an environment with a low signal-to-noise ratio. Compared with traditional algorithms, the new algorithms have the advantages of high detection performance and strong robustness

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 2001

Electronic check schemes are more efficient than electronic coin scheme with respect to computational costs and the amount of information exchanged. In spite of these, difficulties in making a refund reusable and in representing the face value of a check have discouraged its development. In this paper, a new online electronic check system is presented, which solves the above problems. This system uses the partially blind signature to provide user anonymity and to represent the face value of a check. The partially blind signature enables us to make the format of refunds and initially withdrawn checks identical. Thus, it allows refunds to be reused to buy goods without any limitatiosn. Both initially withdrawn checks and refunds in our system guarantee untraceability as well as unlinkability. We also use a one-time secret key as the serial number of a check to increase the efficiency of payments. The presented check system also provides multiple offline shopping sessions to minimize the number of online messages handled by a bank. During the multiple offline shopping session, we use a one-way accumulator to provide non-repudiation service. We also analyze our new systems our new system\`s security, efficiency, and atomicity.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2013

This paper addresses nonnegative independent component analysis (NICA), with the aim to realize the blind separation of nonnegative well-grounded independent source signals, which arises in many practical applications but is hardly ever explored. Recently, Bertrand and Moonen presented a multiplicative NICA (M-NICA) algorithm using multiplicative update and subspace projection. Based on the principle of the mutual correlation minimization, we propose another novel cost function to evaluate the diagonalization level of the correlation matrix, and apply the multiplicative exponentiated gradient (EG) descent update to it to maintain nonnegativity. An efficient approach referred to as the EG-NICA algorithm is derived and its validity is confirmed by numerous simulations conducted on different types of source signals. Results show that the separation performance of the proposed EG-NICA algorithm is superior to that of the previous M-NICA algorithm, with a better unmixing accuracy. In addition, its convergence speed is adjustable by an appropriate user-defined learning rate.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.3 s.99
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• pp.499-506
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• 2005

A hash chain is a structure organized by hash function with high speed in computation. Systems using the hash chain are using extensively in various cryptography applications such as one-time passwords, server-supported signatures and micropayments. However, the most hash chain based on the system using pre-paid method provides anonymity but has the problem to increase payment cost. In this paper, we propose a new hash chain based on the micropayment system to keep user anonymity safe through blind signature in the withdrawal process of the root value without disclosing privacy information, and to improve efficiency by using secret key instead of public key in the system without the role of certificate.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2010

These days, the Internet networks have rapidly expanded and used in various fields and been recognized as essential in our daily life. However, there are users who have difficulties in access to web sites like those with physical disabilities. Therefore, our country as well as developed countries have paid more attention to web access, and organized investigation and research are needed. This study presents how to reduce the number of access for efficient web access by the visually disabled and designs user interface.