• ALGAE
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2005

The morhology and life history of Stylonema cornu-cervi Reinsch from Japan were investigated. The species had multiseriate erect thalli from a basal cell. The thalli usually branched dichotomously, occasionally trichotomously near the base, and non-branched thalli were sometimes observed. A dichotomous branch on the upper portion near the base occurred only one time on each erect branch. Cells contained a stellate chloroplast, which was composed of a central rounded part with an obscure pyrenoid and 5-8 cup-like lobes connected to the central part by a small thin stipe. The biseriate part was observed on the six-celled stage in culture, and the grown thalli were multiseriate except for base and apices. Monospores forming from the immediate transformation of vegetative cells were observed. Thalli grew at 15-25$^{\circ}C$ and died at 10 and 30$^{\circ}C$. The fastest growth and maturation were observed under 25$^{\circ}C$ and 14L:10D. Although S. alsidii (Zanardini) Drew usually had uniseriate thalli, irregularly branched multiseriate thalli had been reported in cultures. It is possible that in the previous report the thalli were confused with S. cornu-cervi. In this report, S. cornu-cervi were distinguished from S. alsidii in that the branches were few, the multiseriate portions were observed on the early stage (six-celled stage), and the grown thalli were multiseriate except at the base and apices.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2012

We assessed the toxicity of cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) to gametophytic thalli of red alga Porphyra yezoensis at room temperature. The CPAs used were: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GC), 1,2-butanediol (1,2-BD), 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BD), 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) and propylene glycol (PG). CPA concentrations of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50% were employed with 30 or 60 s immersion. The toxicity of the eight CPAs to gametophytic thalli of P. yezoensis was in the order: 1,3-BD < DMSO ${\approx}$ 2,3-BD ${\approx}$ PG ${\approx}$ EG < GC < 1,3-PD ${\approx}$ 1,2-BD. All thalli were more sensitive to high CPA concentrations, and most (>75%) thalli survived exposure to 10-25% CPA for 60 s. These data will facilitate selection of the optimal cryoprotectant concentration for cryopreservation of P. yezoensis thalli.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2011

The brown seaweed Ecklonia cava is known to be a rich source of phlorotannins that have diverse biological activities. Among the phlorotannins in E. cava, concentrations of dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A, which were identified as major active components, were determined in different parts of the tissue. We compared the efficacy of different pretreatments for their extraction. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine phlorotannin concentrations showed good accuracy (92.64 and 94.02%, respectively), precision (3.92 and 3.94%, respectively), and linearity (r>0.996). Mature thalli contained 1.5-fold more dieckol (1.82 mg/g-dry tissue) than young thalli. In the tissues of E. cava, blade tissue contained more phlorotannins than the stipe or holdfast. Among differently dried thalli, approximately 90% or more dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A were extracted from shadow-dried tissue as compared with lyophilized tissue. In sun-dried and oven-dried thalli, approximately 60% of the phlorotannins were extracted. Thalli washed with fresh water, boiled thalli, and steamed thalli showed reduced extraction of the compounds.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2012

Objectives : Under normal condition melanin protects the skin from extracellular stimuli including ultraviolet (UV)-induced oxidative skin damages, but excess production and accumulation of melanin can induce hyperpigmentation causing esthetic problems. Therefore, in this study we tried to search for natural skin whitening materials from marine natural resources. Methods : Water and ethanol extracts of marine natural resources were prepared from Porphyra thalli (PT), Laminariae thallus (LT), Ostreae concha (OC), Sargassum thallus (ST), Undaria thallus (UT), Codium thalli (CT), Enteromorpha thalli (ET), Syngnathoides biaculeatus (SB), and Hippocampus coronatus (Hc). Their effects against UVB and ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-induced melanogenesis were investigated based on melanin formation in B16 mouse melanoma cells. The mRNA and protein expression of enzymes involved in the melanogenic process were further examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results : Water extract of Ostreae concha (OCW/E) effectively inhibited UVB and ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanin production in B16 melanocytes, which seemed to be mediated by inhibition of mRNA expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1). In another experiment, ethanol extracts from Porphyra thalli (PTE/E), Laminariae thallus (LTE/E), Sargassum thallus (STE/E), Undaria thallus (UTE/E), Codium thalli (CTE/E), Syngnathoides biaculeatus (SBE/E), and Hippocampus coronatus (HcE/E) significantly suppressed UVB and ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanin formation. Furthermore, ethylacetate fraction isolated form LTE/E (LTE/EEt) decreased UVB and ${\alpha}$-MSH-elevated extracellular melanin levels via inhibition of tyrosinase protein expression. Conclutions : These results suggest that marine natural resources such as Porphyra thalli, Laminariae thallus, Ostreae concha, Sargassum thallus, Undaria thallus, Codium thalli, Syngnathoides biaculeatus and Hippocampus coronatus have anti-melanogenic effects, thereby exhibiting high potentials to be utilized as one of the ingredients for the development of new whitening functional cosmetics.

• ALGAE
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2003

To establish a cultivation method of Petalonia fascia, seeds and seedlings cultures and growth tests were performed at the Daeri aquafarm in Haeui, Shinan, Jeollanamdo, Korea. Gametes were easily released from the mature plurilocular sporangia. They developed to crustose discoidal stolons and grew to filamentous and discoidal stolons. The indoor seeding was performed by using the 100-150 ${\mu}m$long fragments of stolons on Porphyra nets and the erect thalli developed from the cuttings when the seawater temperatures were 10-15$^{\circ}C$. In the experimental cultivation in the sea, 1-2mm long plantlets were found after 15 days of cultivation; after two months thalli grew to their maximal size of 215-355 mm long blades; after three months the length of thalli began to decrease due to distal disintegration and the plant color changed to yellow and epiphytic diatoms were attached on the thalli, which deteriorated the quality of products. The cultivation of P. fascia by the regeneration of filamentous-discoidal complexes was carried out successfully for the first time in Korea.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2014

In this study, fossil liverwort (Hepaticae) of Thallites yabei (Kryshtofovich) Harris is described based on the newly obtained material from the Lower Cretaceous Nakdong Formation of Sindong Group, Korea. The thalli of T. yabei is ribbon-like, bifurcating at least three or four times, and has a distinct midrib. Although the thalloid plants are herbaceous with little hard part, the thalli of T. yabei is relatively well preserved to show the sequentially bifurcating pattern in the specimens occurred in the same fossil locality. Such characteristics indicate that they were probably buried in situ. The abundant occurrence of thalli plants also indicate that land was covered densely by them as one of the terrestrial land plant members, and flourished under the tall arbor trees in the humid environment during the Early Cretaceous in the Gyeongsang Basin.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.331-338
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• 2004

동해안 고유종인 긴잎돌김의 발생과 성숙, 생활사 등 생태에 관한 연구가 시행되었다. 긴잎돌김은 10월 초순에 발생하여 11월 말경에 성성숙이 시작되어 수정에 의해 과포자낭이 형성되고 과포자가 방출되었다. 3월 말경에 엽체가 소멸되었으며 이후 사상체, 각포자기를 거쳐 10월에 엽체가 발아하였다. 긴잎돌김의 특징으로 엽체는 피침형, 모근은 심장형이 대다수를 차지하였으며 거치상돌기가 없고 유성세대과정을 가지며 선명한 과포자낭무늬를 가진다. 암ㆍ수배우체에 있어 엽체와 엽폭비율은 성성숙기인 12월에 각각 5.6∼7.4 및 4.9∼7.3이였다. 1월에는 3.3∼4.8, 4.2∼4.8이였다. 개체수 변화는 10월 초순에 방형구(30${\times}$30 cm)내에 평균 5개체, 12월에는 238개체, 3월 중순에 15개체로 변화되었다. 성 분화가 시작되는 12월 초순에 암ㆍ수배우체 및 영양세포의 비율은 각각 31%, 47%, 22%였으며 완전 성숙된 12월 중순은 암ㆍ수배우체만 69.4% 및 30.6%였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2003

동해안에 있어 긴잎돌김은 우점종으로 조간대 상부지역에 서식하며 10월에 발생하여 3월에 소멸하였다. 10월에 영양세포로 육안 및 조직 절단에 의한 검색에서 성숙되지 않았다. 11월 중순경부터 육안으로는 암.수배우체가 구분되지 않았으나 조직 절단한 결과, 조정기와 조과기을 형성하고 있었다. 12월 초순부터 육안으로 암.수배우체가 확연히 구분되기 시작하였고, 2월경부터 성숙과 더불어 정자낭과 과포자낭의 방출로 점차 엽장의 길이가 줄어드는 추세를 보였다. 3월 초순경에는 색상이 퇴색되고 엽체 가변부에 녹아 내리는 현상이 나타나기 시작하여, 정자방출이 완료되었다. 12월 3일에 암컷의 평균 엽장은 113.0$\pm$6.8mm, 평균 엽폭은15.3$\pm$1.3mm로 나타났다. 수배우체의 평균엽장은 83.2$\pm$5.4mm, 평균엽폭은 16.8$\pm$1.9mm로 나타났다. 1월 28일 경에는 암배우체의 평균 엽장은 94.6$\pm$6.4mm로 엽폭은 29.1mm$\pm$5.1로 커졌다. 수배우체의 경우에 평균 엽장이 107.8$\pm$7.3mm, 평균 엽폭은 25.9$\pm$0.9mm로 엽장과 엽폭이 반비례되는 현상이 나타났다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2013

활성처리제는 40~200배의 희석액에 최단시간 1분, 최장시간 3분 침지 후의 방사무늬김과 파래의 사세포율은 방사무늬김은 유엽 및 성엽 모두 100~150배 희석율이 사세포율이 낮게 나타났으며, 파래는 희석배율과 침지시간에 관계없이 90%이상 파래가 사멸하였다. 현장시험에서 방사무늬김 세포의 사세포율은 처리시기에 따라 차이가 나지만 처리 전은 2.1~17.6%였으며, 처리 후에는 2.1~15.0%로 처리 전후의 사세포율에는 차이가 없었다. 파래의 사세포율은 처리전에는 0~4.6%였지만, 처리 후에는 99.0~100%로 활성처리제의 처리는 파래 제거에 매우 효과적이었다. 또한 활성처리제 처리는 엽체의 부착 규조류는 33.3-97.2%, 부착 생균수는 1/10~1/100,000로 감소시킨 반면 엽체의 색택에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러므로 방사무늬김 엽체의 상태와 수온 등을 고려하여 본 활성처리제를 100~150배의 희석농도에 1~3분간 처리함으로써 파래의 제거, 부착 규조류의 탈락, 엽체 부착 생균수의 감소 효과가 있으며, 방사무늬김의 색택에는 별다른 영향을 미치지 않아 방사무늬김 활성처리제로서 유효한 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1713-1720
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• 2007

Influence of -110, +110, +220 and +330 mEq/kg of dry matter (DM) dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on growth performance of Thalli lambs were examined in a randomized complete block design. Four DCAD diets were randomly allotted to four groups, with ten lambs in each group. A linear increase in nutrient intake was recorded with increasing DCAD level. The digestibilities of nutrients were higher in lambs fed -110 DCAD diet than those fed +110, +220 and +330 DCAD diets. Lambs fed +330 DCAD diet had higher nitrogen balance than those fed -110 and +110 DCAD diets. Blood pH and serum $HCO_3$ increased with increasing DCAD level. Serum chloride was higher in lambs fed -110 DCAD diet, while serum (Na+K)-(Cl+S) increased linearly with increasing DCAD level. Serum calcium increased with decreasing DCAD level while serum magnesium and phosphorus remained unaffected. Lambs fed -110 DCAD diet had higher Ca balance than those fed +110, +220 and +330 DCAD diets. Urine pH increased with increasing DCAD level. Lambs fed +220 and +330 DCAD diets gained more weight than those fed -110 and +110 DCAD diets. In conclusion, increased DCAD level not only increased the dry matter intake but also improved the weight gain of growing Thalli lambs.