• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.856-862
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Samsoeum(SSE) on cytokine regulation of mouse T cells. The proliferation of mouse CD4 T cells under the influence of SSE extract was measured. When mouse CD4 T cell were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in various concentrations of SSE extract, it increased proliferation of CD4 cells by 30% in $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. The proliferation of CD4 cells increased in $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Treatment of CD4+ T cells stimulated by anti-CD3e and anti-CD28 with SSE resulted in reduction of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-4 levels. SSE has dose-dependent inhibitory effect on $IFN-{\gamma}$ and decreased IL-4 by 70% at 50, $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Oral administration of SSE resulted in increase of CD8+ T cell population in Balb/c mice by 8%. CD4+ T cells under Th1/Th2 polarizing conditions for 3 days with SSE resulted in decrease of $IFN-{\gamma}$ level in Th1 cells by 44% and increase of IL-4 level in Th2 cells by 60%. Experimental results of this study show that SSE induces mouse T-cell to transform into Th2, and increases T-cell population and activation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.743-747
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• 2014

Objective: To investigate the effects of abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq) total phenolics combined with cisplatin and docetaxel on the Hela cell growth. Methods: In vivo cultured Hela cells were treated with cisplatin, docetaxel, total phenolics, cisplatin+total phenolics or docetaxel+total phenolics. MTT was performed to assess inhibition of cell proliferation, flow cytometry to detect apoptosis, and semi-quantitative RT-PCR to test for survivin and Bcl-2 expression. Results: The total phenolics, cisplatin and docetaxel had significant inhibitory and apoptosis-promoting effects on Hela cells (P<0.05), with the early apoptotic rates of $12.8{\pm}0.70%$, $18.9{\pm}3.79%$ and $15.8{\pm}3.8%$; the total phenolics, cisplatin and docetaxel significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and survivin (all P<0.01), especially when used in combination. Conclusion: ASMq total phenolics, combined with cisplatin and docetaxel, could promote the apoptosis of Hela cells possibly through reducing the expression of Bcl-2 and survivin.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2001

This study was carried out to prove the anti-allergic effect of SPS-GM, which is gained by controlled Cytokines making all the difference to Th2 cell development. The results were obtained as follows : 1. From the SPS-GM treatment about BMC cell, in case of the IL-4, an important factor of the Th2 cell development, SPS-GM didn't show considerable effect. 2. The INF-${\gammer}$, mutual Cytokines of IL-4, was increased more than twice. 3. Histamine from the Master cell and Nitric oxide from indisposition response were a little decreased. According to the above results, it is suggested that SPS-GM has anti-allergic effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.682-688
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• 2013

We investigated a physiological function by fermenting a medicinal mushroom, (Cudrania tricuspidata fruit). A fermentation using lactic acid bacteria and the extracts isolated from 70% ethanol fractionation was included in cultured mouse spleen cells for cytokine secretion. As a result, total polyphenol content improved by 47% by organic acid fermentation. This was regarded as immune activity in fermented C. tricuspidata fruits, as the levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 secretion increased. In addition, when the extracts were treated with a stimulant lipopolysaccharide, the secretion of helper T (Th) 1 cytokines IL-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ was suppressed, while the secretion of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 significantly increased. Therefore, this study suggests that fermentative C. tricuspidata fruit extracts can contribute to the suppression of cellular immune reactions induced by the expression of Th1 cells and activation of the expression of Th2 cells inducing humoral immune reactions associated with the antibody generation by B lymphocytes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2008

Objectives : Younggamgangmisinhayin-tang is clinically used for the treatment of the aller -gic rhinitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Younggamgangmisinhayin -tang on allergic rhinitis. Methods : The thirty rats were divided into three groups : control group, AR(allergic rhinitis eliciated) group, YT(Younggamgangmisinhayin-tang treated after allergic rhinitis elicitation) group. To induce allergic rhinitis in AR group, YT group rats were sensitized intraperitoneally with 0.1% ovalbumin(OVA) solution 3 times at intervals of 1 week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1% ovalbumin(OVA) solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days. After that time rats in YT group were oral administration treated by Younggamgangmisinhayin-tang for 7days. The change of the amounts of esinophil, PAS, ZO-1, MIP-2, COX-2, IL-4 were observed in each group. Th 2 skewed condition in EL4 cell was induced by using PMA and OPl. Younggamgangmisinhayin-tang was added into EL4 cell by density. And then IL-4 mRNA was observed. Results : In esinophil study YT group was proved significant inhibitary effect. In PAS and ZO-1 YT group were preserved well. In MIP-2, COX-2 study YT group was proved significant inhibitary effect. In IL-4 and IL-4 mRNA study YT group was proved significant inhibitary effect. Conclusion :According to the above results, it is considered that Younggamgangmisinha- yin-tang has inhibitory effects on the allergic rhinitis rat models.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.587-599
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• 2017

The immune response against Trichinella spiralis at the intestinal level depends on the $CD4^+$ T cells, which can both suppress or promote the inflammatory response through the synthesis of diverse cytokines. During the intestinal phase, the immune response is mixed (Th1/Th2) with the initial predominance of the Th1 response and the subsequent domination of Th2 response, which favor the development of intestinal pathology. In this context, the glucocorticoids (GC) are the pharmacotherapy for the intestinal inflammatory response in trichinellosis. However, its therapeutic use is limited, since studies have shown that treatment with GC suppresses the host immune system, favoring T. spiralis infection. In the search for novel pharmacological strategies that inhibit the Th1 immune response (proinflammatory) and assist the host against T. spiralis infection, recent studies showed that resiniferatoxin (RTX) had anti-inflammatory activity, which decreased the serum levels of IL-12, $INF-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NO, and $PGE_2$, as well the number of eosinophils in the blood, associated with decreased intestinal pathology and muscle parasite burden. These researches demonstrate that RTX is capable to inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines, contributing to the defense against T. spiralis infection, which places it as a new potential drug modulator of the immune response.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.694-699
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of bovine colostral whey fractions on proliferation of Th1 cells and to verify the effect of whey fractions that are directly related to growth of Th1 cells on macrophages activation. Whey was fractionated into 3 fractions depending on by ultrafiltration (fraction (Fr.) I; molecular weight (Mw.) 10 kDa and more, Fr. II; Mw. $1\;kDa{\sim}10\;kDa$, Fr. III; Mw. less than 1 kDa) and examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fr. II stimulated and proliferated Th1 cells most at 1 mg/mL concentration and the percentage of cell proliferation was 67.1%. The secretive induction of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$ by whey, Fr. II, protein fraction (Fr. P) and oligosaccharide fraction (Fr. O) after fractionating Fr. II into Fr. P and Fr. O on the basis of Th1 cells growth was that Fr. O had more 80% secretive induction of $TNF-{\alpha}$ than that of $1\;{\mu}g/mL$ lipopolysaccharide that was positive control. So confirmed that Fr. O induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by activating macrophages.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.07a
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• pp.26-38
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• 1996

To investigate the regulation of plant histone H2A gene expression, we isolated two H2A genes (TH254 and TH274) from wheat, which encode different types of variants. Both genes had an intron in the coding region. In the promoters, some characteristics sequences, such as Oct and Nona motifs, which are conserved among plant histone genes were also found, and they were located in a short region (about 120 bp) upstream from the putative TATA box. Analyses of promoter activity with H2A-GUS fusion genes in the transient system using tobacco protoplasts revealed novel types of positive cis-acting sequences in the TH254 promoter: a direct repeat of a 13-bp sequence (AGTTACATTATTG) and a stretch composed of an AT-rich sequence (ATATAGAAAATTAAAA) and a G-box (CACGTG). A quantitative S1 assay of the mRNA amounts from the TH254/GUS and TH274/GUG chimeric genes in stably transformed and cell cycle-synchronized tobacco cell lines showed that the promoters of both genes contained at least one cis-acting element responsible for S phase-specific expression. Histochemical analysis of transgenic tobacco plants carrying the chimeric genes showed that the promoters of the two H2A genes were both active in developing seedlings and flower organs but regulated in different manner.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.580-590
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• 2021

Patients with severe asthma have unmet clinical needs for effective and safe therapies. One possibility may be mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, which can improve asthma in murine models. However, it remains unclear how MSCs exert their beneficial effects in asthma. Here, we examined the effect of human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUC-MSC) on two mouse models of severe asthma, namely, Alternaria alternata-induced and house dust mite (HDM)/diesel exhaust particle (DEP)-induced asthma. hUC-MSC treatment attenuated lung type 2 (Th2 and type 2 innate lymphoid cell) inflammation in both models. However, these effects were only observed with particular treatment routes and timings. In vitro co-culture showed that hUC-MSC directly downregulated the interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 production of differentiated mouse Th2 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthma patients. Thus, these results showed that hUC-MSC treatment can ameliorate asthma by suppressing the asthmogenic cytokine production of effector cells. However, the successful clinical application of MSCs in the future is likely to require careful optimization of the route, dosage, and timing.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2019

$Foxp3^+$ regulatory $CD4^+$ T (Treg) cells play an essential role in preventing overt immune responses against self and innocuous foreign antigens. Selective expansion of endogenous Treg cells in response to the administration of interleukin (IL)-2/antibody complex, such as the IL-2/JES6-1 complex (IL-2C) in mice, is considered an attractive therapeutic approach to various immune disorders. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of IL-2C in allergic airway inflammation models. IL-2C treatment ameliorated Th17-mediated airway inflammation; however, unexpectedly, IL-2C treatment exacerbated Th2-mediated allergic airway inflammation by inducing the selective expansion of Th2 cells and type-2 innate lymphoid cells. We also found that IL-2 signaling is required for the expansion of Th2 cells in lymphoproliferative disease caused by Treg cell depletion. Our data suggest that IL-2C is selectively applicable to the treatment of allergic airway diseases depending on the characteristics of airway inflammation.