• 제목/요약/키워드: Th1/Th2 Balance

검색결과 153건 처리시간 0.026초

Mistletoe Lectin (Viscum album coloratum) Modulates Proliferation and Cytokine Expressions in Murine Splenocytes

  • Lyu, Su-Yun;Park, Won-Bong
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제39권6호
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    • pp.662-670
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    • 2006
  • It is well documented that an extract of European mistletoe has a variety of biological effects, such as the stimulation of cytokine production from immune cells, and additional immunoadjuvant activities. While the European mistletoe has been studied intensively, we know less about Korean mistletoe as a therapeutic plant, especially as a possible immunomodulating drug. This study will investigated the effects of Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L. var. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) on murine splenocytes to investigate whether VCA acts as an immunomodulator, which could lead to improved immune responses in these cells. The results showed that VCA inhibited cell proliferation at higher concentrations (at 1-8 ng/ml) and enhanced cell proliferation at lower concentrations (at 4-32 pg/ml). Further studies were carried out to determine if the pro-proliferative or anti-proliferative activity exhibited by VCA was correlated with cytokine secretion. Consequently, interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$ secretion was decreased in concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated murine splenocytes by VCA (4-64 ng/ml), but there was no change in IL-4 levels. This suggests that VCA has the ability to modulate murine splenocyte proliferation and can possibly act on the balance of Th1/Th2 cellular immune responses.

Clinical efficacy and mechanism of probiotics in allergic diseases

  • Kim, Ha-Jung;Kim, Hyung Young;Lee, So-Yeon;Seo, Ju-Hee;Lee, Eun;Hong, Soo-Jong
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제56권9호
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    • pp.369-376
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    • 2013
  • A complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors partially contributes to the development of allergic diseases by affecting development during prenatal and early life. To explain the dramatic increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases, the hygiene hypothesis proposed that early exposure to infection prevented allergic diseases. The hygiene hypothesis has changed to the microbial hypothesis, in which exposure to microbes is closely linked to the development of the early immune system and allergic diseases. The intestinal flora may contribute to allergic disease through its substantial effect on mucosal immunity. Based on findings that exposure to microbial flora early in life can change the Th1/Th2 balance, thus favoring a Th1 cell response, probiotics may be beneficial in preventing allergic diseases. However, evidence from clinical and basic research to prove the efficacy of probiotics in preventing allergy is lacking. To date, studies have yielded inconsistent findings on the usefulness of probiotics in allergic diseases. It is difficult to demonstrate an exact effect of probiotics on asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy because of study limitations, such as different first supplementation period, duration, different strains, short follow-up period, and host factors. However, many studies have demonstrated a significant clinical improvement in atopic dermatitis with the use of probiotics. An accurate understanding of the development of human immunity, intestinal barrier function, intestinal microbiota, and systemic immunity is required to comprehend the effects of probiotics on allergic diseases.

메조코즘 실험을 통한 진우도 갈대군락의 영양염 물질수지 산정 (Estimation of Nutrient Mass Balance in a Phragmites Australis Community in Jinudo Through a Mesocosm Experiment)

  • 류성훈;이인철
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.545-552
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구에서는 갈대군락의 영양염 물질수지 모델 구축을 위한 기초연구로서, 갈대군락 Mesocosm 실험을 통해 수층-갈대(뿌리, 잎, 줄기)-토양의 영양염(DIN, DIP) 농도의 춘계 및 하계 모니터링 결과를 이용하여 물질수지를 산정하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 갈대의 생체량은 춘계에는 지하경이 지상경에 비해 약 6.3~9.7 % 높으며, 하계에는 지상경이 지하경에 비해 약 19.2~21.2 % 높게 나타났으며, 갈대의 성장속도는 Mesocosm Tank A가 Mesocosm Tank D에 비해 지상경과 지하경 모두 2~3배 정도 빠르게 나타났다. 2) Mesocosm Tank에서의 갈대의 영양염(DIN, DIP) 농도는 춘계와 하계 모두 각각 2~3 %로 차이가 적었다. 3) Mesocosm Tank별 생체량의 차이는 최대 23 %로 나타나지만, 갈대가 흡수하는 영양염의 농도는 최대 3 % 정도로 차이가 적었다.

어린이 영양지수(NQ-C)를 이용한 중국 일부 어린이의 식행동 실태 평가 (Assessment of dietary behavior of Chinese children using nutrition quotient for children)

  • 황예순;김혜영
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제47권5호
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    • pp.342-350
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 한국영양학회 한국암웨이에서 2012년에 개발한 어린이 영양지수 (NQ-C, Nutrition Quotient for Children) 설문지를 이용하여 중국 산동성과 강수성 지역 초등학교 5, 6학년어린이 336명 (남학생: 166명, 여학생: 170명)의 식 행동을 살펴보고자 수행하였고, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.1) 어린이의 평균 영양 지수 (NQ) 점수는 백점 만점에 69.5점으로 양호한 수준이었고, 성별에 따른 차이는 없었다. 개별영역별로는 균형점수 58.8점, 절제점수 84.9점, 다양점수 63.6점, 규칙점수 76.1점, 실천점수 73.6점으로 나타났다. 영역별 진단기준치와 비교해볼 때, 어린이들의 평균균형, 절제, 규칙, 실천 점수는 기준치에 비해 양호한 편이었으나, 다양 점수는 진단기준치에 미치지 못하였다. 2) 어린이 영양지수의 최상위 등급은 13.7%, 상위등급은 23.5%, 중위 등급은 50.3%, 하위는 9.5%, 최하위 등급은 3.0%로 나타나서 최상위와 상위 등급의 비율이 기대치인 10%와 15%를 넘었고, 반면 하위와 최하위 등급의 비율은 기대치보다 더 적어서 바람직한 모습을 보였으며, 남녀 간의 유의차는 없었다. 3) 아버지의 학력은 어린이의 균형 점수, 규칙 점수와 상관성이 있었고, NQ 점수와도 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 어머니의 학력도 아버지와 비슷하게 균형 점수, 규칙 점수와 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 어머니가 취업을 한 경우 어린이의 규칙점수가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 4) 조사대상자의 1일 운동 시간이 증가할수록 NQ 점수가 유의적으로 높았고, 하루에 1시간 이상 운동을 하는 학생들은 운동을 하지 않는 학생들보다 균형, 다양, 규칙, 실천 영역의 점수가 유의적으로 높았다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 중국 중소도시 어린이의 영양지수 평균 점수는 69.5점으로 양호하였고, 균형, 절제, 규칙, 실천 점수는 양호하지만, 다양성 점수는 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 한국에서 개발된 어린이 영양지수(NQ-C) 설문지는 비슷한 생활 패턴을 가진 중국 초등학생 의 식행동 실태 평가에 활용이 가능한 것으로 사료되며, 조사대상 지역에 따라 영양지수 점수와 영역별 점수가 다르게 나타나므로, NQ-C를 활용한 영양상태 평가 후에 각 지역에 맞는 영양교육 프로그램을 개발하는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다.

온도(溫度)가 가토(家兎) 폐포표면(肺胞表面) 활성물질(活性物質)의 활성도(活性度)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Temperature on the Activity of Pulmonary Surfactant of the Rabbit)

  • 권굉보
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1973
  • 온도(溫度)에 대(對)한 폐포표면활성물질(肺胞表面活性物質)의 활성도(活性度)의 태도(態度)를 구명(究明)코져 가토(家兎)의 좌측(左側) 폐장(肺臟)을 적출(摘出)하여 생리적(生理的) 식염수(食鹽水)로 폐포세척액(肺胞洗滌液)을 작성(作成)하여 4 C에 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 및 40일간(日間) 방치(放置)한 군(群)과 20 C에 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 및 7일간(日間) 방치(放置)한 군(群) 및 정상가토(正常家兎)를 4 C에 4, 8, 12 및 24 시간(時間) 노출(露出)한 후(後) 좌측(左側) 폐장(肺臟)을 적출(摘出)하고 폐포세척액(肺胞洗滌液)을 작성(作成)한 군(群)에서 그 표면장력(表面張力)을 측정(測定)하여 정상가토(正常家兎)의 그것과 비교(比較) 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 정상가토(正常家兎)의 폐포세척액(肺胞洗滌液)의 최대(最大) 및 최소표면장력(最小表面張力)및 stability index는 각각(各各) $52.5{\pm}2.3,\;4.9{\pm}2.3$ dynes/cm 및 1.65였다. 2) 4 C에 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 및 40일간(日間) 방치(放置)한 폐포세척액(肺胞洗滌液)의 최대(最大) 및 최소표면장력(最小表面張力) 및 stability index는 각각(各各) 정상군(正常群)의 그것과 비교(比較)하여 큰 변화(變化)가 없었으며 40일군(日群)에서는 약간(若干) 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였으나 의의(意義)있는 변화(變化)는 아니었다. 3) 20 C에 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 및 7일간(日間) 방치(放置)한 폐포세척액(肺胞洗滌液)의 최대표면장력(最大表面張力)은 뚜렷한 변화(變化)를 보이지 않았으나 제 7 일(第 7 日)에 약간(若干) 증가(增加)하였으며 최소표면장력(最小表面張力)은 제 2 일(第 2 日)부터 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내어서 제(第) 5 및 제 7 일(第 7 日)에는 현저(顯著)히 증가(增加)하였으며 그 stability index는 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)하여 제(第) 5 및 제 7 일(第 7 日)에는 각각(各各) 0.71 및 0.53이었다. 4) 4 C에 4, 8, 12 및 24시간(時間) 노출(露出)한 가토(家兎)에서 얻은 폐포세척액(肺胞洗滌液)의 최대(最大) 및 최소표면장력(最小表面張力) 및 stability index는 각각(各各) 정상군(正常群)의 그것과 비교(比較)하여 큰 변화(變化)를 나타내지 않았으나 제(第)12시간(時間)에서 최소표면장력(最小表面張力)이 약간(若干) 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였으며 제(第)24시간(時間)에는 다시 정상군(正常群)의 그것과 비슷한 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다.

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IL-1 Receptor Dynamics in Immune Cells: Orchestrating Immune Precision and Balance

  • Dong Hyun Kim;Won-Woo Lee
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.21.1-21.16
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    • 2024
  • IL-1, a pleiotropic cytokine with profound effects on various cell types, particularly immune cells, plays a pivotal role in immune responses. The proinflammatory nature of IL-1 necessitates stringent control mechanisms of IL-1-mediated signaling at multiple levels, encompassing transcriptional and translational regulation, precursor processing, as well as the involvement of a receptor accessory protein, a decoy receptor, and a receptor antagonist. In T-cell immunity, IL-1 signaling is crucial during both the priming and effector phases of immune reactions. The fine-tuning of IL-1 signaling hinges upon two distinct receptor types; the functional IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) 1 and the decoy IL-1R2, accompanied by ancillary molecules such as the IL-1R accessory protein (IL-1R3) and IL-1R antagonist. IL-1R1 signaling by IL-1β is critical for the differentiation, expansion, and survival of Th17 cells, essential for defense against extracellular bacteria or fungi, yet implicated in autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Recent investigations emphasize the physiological importance of IL-1R2 expression, particularly in its capacity to modulate IL-1-dependent responses within Tregs. The precise regulation of IL-1R signaling is indispensable for orchestrating appropriate immune responses, as unchecked IL-1 signaling has been implicated in inflammatory disorders, including Th17-mediated autoimmunity. This review provides a thorough exploration of the IL-1R signaling complex and its pivotal roles in immune regulation. Additionally, it highlights recent advancements elucidating the mechanisms governing the expression of IL-1R1 and IL-1R2, underscoring their contributions to fine-tuning IL-1 signaling. Finally, the review briefly touches upon therapeutic strategies targeting IL-1R signaling, with potential clinical applications.

강원도 영동.영서 하천의 하안단구 지형 발달 - 내린천, 연곡천, 골지천, 오십천을 사례로 (Geomorphic Evolution of Fluvial Terraces at Yeongdong.Yeongseo Streams in Gangwon Province, Korea)

  • 윤순옥;황상일;이광률
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.388-404
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    • 2007
  • 강원도의 내린천, 연곡천, 골지천, 오십천을 대상으로 영동 및 영서 하천의 하안단구 발달 과정을 지구조적인 측면에서 분석하였다. 하안단구 분포 패턴과 하천 하각 속도를 분석, 검토한 결과, 4개 하천 중 오십천 상류의 하안단구 4면, 5면, 6면에서는 태백산맥을 축으로 한 지반 융기의 영향이 뚜렷이 확인되었다. 태백산맥 분수계가 융기축이라면 영서하천 상류부 폭 $30\sim40km$ 구간이 융기대에 해당된다. 융기대 내부에 위치하는 내린천의 중 상류와 골지천 유역 전체는 하천 전 구간에서 융기작용이 활발하여, 상 하류 간의 융기량에 따른 하상비고 차이는 나타나지 않는다. 하안단구 2면$\sim$1면 사이와 1면$\sim$현재까지의 하각 속도는 두 시기의 기후 조건 차이로, 각각 $0.13\sim0.22m/ka,\;0.17\sim0.27m/ka$로 다르게 나타났다. 하안단구 1면 형성 이후부터 현재까지 영서 하천에 비해 영동 하천의 하각 속도가 다소 높다. 이는 하천 대부분 구간이 융기대에 포함되는 영서 하천에 비하여, 영동 하천은 하구가 최종적인 침식기준면인 해수면이므로 하각작용이 보다 활발했기 때문이다.

Therapeutic effects of traditional Korean medicine, Jeechool-Whan in allergic rhinitis model

  • Oh, Hyun-A;Ryu, Jae-Gyu;Cha, Wung-Seok;Kim, Hyung-Min;Jeong, Hyun-Ja
    • 셀메드
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.9.1-9.13
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    • 2012
  • Jeechool-Whan (JW) is a prescription of Ponciri Fructus Immaturus and Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and improves the functions of the stomach and the spleen. Although it is said in Korean Medicine that the spleen and the stomach are the roots of the body's resistance, the meaning of 'improving the spleen and the stomach' is very comprehensive. Moreover, there are lots of drugs that are said to improve the spleen and the stomach, and the number of prescriptions using these drugs is huge. In this study, we focused on the new effect and mechanism of the JW on the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) model. The increased number of rubs and the increased levels of IgE and histamine in the OVA-sensitized mice were inhibited by JW administration. The balance of Th1/Th2 cytokine level was regulated by JW administration. The levels inflammatory proteins were decreased by JW administration in the nasal mucosa of the OVA-sensitized mice. Eosinophils and mast cells infiltration increased by OVA-sensitization was also decreased in the JW-administered mice. In addition, JW inhibited caspase-1 activity in the same nasal mucosa tissue. In activated human mast cells, JW inhibited the receptor interacting protein-2, I${\kappa}$B kinase-${\beta}$, nuclear factor-${\kappa}$B/Rel A, and caspase-1 activation. In conclusion, this study will be support the clear understanding of the concept of the spleen and the stomach in traditional Korean medicine as well as for a possibility of finding a cure for this AR in traditional medical treatments.

Effects of Student Perceptions of Social Skills on their Perception of Smoking

  • Bektas, Murat;Ozturk, Candan;Karatas, Hulya;Bektas, Ilknur
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권14호
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    • pp.5937-5940
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    • 2014
  • Background: This study was conducted as a descriptive-correlational exercise with the aim of determining the effect of student perceptions of social skills on their pro and con perceptions of smoking. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 106 students at $6^{th}$, $7^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ grades in three primary schools. The data were collected through socio-demographic data collection form, Social Skill Perception Form and Child Decisional Balance Scale. Data were evaluated by percentage calculation, Student t test and correlation analysis. Results: While the point average of pro perception of smoking of the students with a high point average of social skill perception, was $8.6{\pm}3.1$, in those with a low social skill perception point average it was $10.7{\pm}4.2$, the difference being significant(p=0.012). The respective point averages of con perceptions were $26.8{\pm}3.7$ and $23.5{\pm}3.3$, again significant (p=0.000). While a positive medium level (r=0.410) relationship was determined between the point average of social skill perception and con perception of smoking, a negative low level (r=0.281) relationship was determined with the pro perception of smoking. Conclusions: As the social skill perception point average increases, children's con perceptions of smoking increase and their pro perceptions decrease.

해적행위의 본질, 발생현황 및 조직.기술적 대응 방안에 관한 연구 (Piracy: Its Nature, Development and Countermeasures)

  • 최진태
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.69-83
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    • 1998
  • Sea transportation has long been a vital component of the transport systems of the world. The great majority of imports and exports to and enlarge their national merchant marines. This effort is meant partly to arrest earlier trends of having their trade carried by ships from outside the region and partly to promote regional integration and improve the national balance of payments. However, sea transportation has been exposed to various types of threats on the high seas, in coastal waters and in port areas. Piracy is any robbery or other violent action, for private ends and without authorization by public authority, committed on the seas. Because piracy has been regarded as an offense against the law of nations, the public vessels of any state have been permitted to seize a pirate ship, to bring it into port, to try the crew(regardless of their nationality or domicile), and, if found guilty, to punish them and to confiscate the ship. Piracy has occurred in all stages of maritime history. The increased size of merchant vessels, the improved naval patrolling of most ocean highways, the regular administration of most islands and land areas of the world, and the general recognition by governments of piracy as an international offense resulted in a great decline in piracy in the 19th and 20th centuries. Piracy has, however, occurred in the 20th century, and the practice of hijacking ships has developed into a new form of piracy. The number of incidents of sea piracy against ships reported was 229 in 1997. Since 1991, 1,051 such acts have been reported. The purpose of this research is to examine the origin and development of the piracy to understand the current situation of such violence on the seas. In addition, what should be done by international community will be presented to prevent the piracy in the future.

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