• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.287-312
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• 2011

Internet chat programs and instant messaging services are becoming increasingly popular among Internet users. One of the crucial issues with Internet chat is how to manage the corresponding pairs of questions and answers in a sequence of conversations. Although many novel methodologies have been introduced to cope with this problem, most are poor in managing interruptions, organizing turn-taking, and conveying comprehension. The Internet environment is recently evolving into a 3D environment, but the problems with managing chat dialogues with the standard 2D text-based chat have remained. Therefore, we propose a more realistic communication model for chat agents in 3D virtual space in this paper. First, we propose a new method to measure the capacity of communication between chat agents and a novel visualization method to depict the hierarchical structure of chat dialogues. In addition, we are concerned with communication networks for virtual people (avatars) living in virtual worlds. In this paper we consider a microscopic aspect of a social network in a relatively short period of time. Our experiments show that our model is highly effective in a virtual chat environment, and the communication network based on our model greatly facilitates investigation of a very large and complicated communication network.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.112-123
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a mobile application focusing on developmental support care for infants born prematurely. Methods: An application was developed using the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model. In the analysis phase, previous research was evaluated through big data text-mining and a literature review. In the design phase, the preliminary content of the application was designed, and the content validity and comprehension were verified. A hybrid application was developed and used by eight experts and ten users, who evaluated the layout of the mobile application and their satisfaction with it. Results: The content of the designed application comprised a diary, customized information, developmental play, and community. The mean scores for layout were 3.73±0.47 and 3.43±0.68 out of 4 points among the experts and users, respectively. Users' mean satisfaction score was 3.70±0.70 out of 5 points. Conclusion: The information provided by the mobile application was evaluated as consistent and systematic. The application was also found to be satisfactory by infants' parents. The mobile application developed through this study is expected to be effective in supporting the development of children born prematurely.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.299-320
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• 2012

We have information through a variety of media such as language, pictures and internet. Since we get information through texts mostly, we can say that reading ability which enables a person to read a text and understand its meaning basically is the most essential for people to possess. Taking the advantage of the fact that a school is a place where learning and daily-life guidance can be made at the same time, we need to try encouraging students to involve in learning process and feel a sense of accomplishment by adding consultation between a teacher and a student or between a student and a student in Korean subject. This study selected two fifth grade classes of an elementary school of small and medium-sized city as an experimental group and a control group respectively and applied reading strategy program by using interaction of complementary lesson as the number of ten times during five weeks. It focused on making students interested in complementary class and encouraging them to become active participants. This study's goal is to see if the reading strategy program affects students' reading comprehension, metacognition and a sense of self-efficacy The results of the study are as in the following: first, the reading strategy program of complementary lesson is effective in students' reading comprehension and a range of factual understanding and sentimental understanding. Second, the reading strategy program of complementary lesson is effective in adjustment area as a subordinate factor of metacognition. Third, the reading strategy program of complementary lessonis effective in students' sense of self-efficacy. It is shown that experience of using new reading strategy and successful experience and help in peer-group members have a positive effects on a student's sense of self-efficacy. Forth, as the result of satisfaction evaluation over the program with the students' activity report and researchers' observation results, the study shows that the organization and operation of the program influences on students' effort and participation to reach the goal together positively. Through the results as above, we can say that the reading strategy program of complementary lesson have a positive effect on a student's reading comprehension, metacognition and a sense of self-efficacy.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.937-944
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• 2006

Although people's anxiety about the environmental problem has been getting higher, they are not provided good quality of knowledge about the environment. Based on this situation, Ecoblog can be a new type of online community to educate the public in ecological knowledge. Especially, Ecoblog can be utilized as a method of "preventive education", and it will contribute to reduce great amounts of environmental budget to restore contaminated environment to previous condition. Ecoblog also utilizes the concept of blog which user can create and append their site with chosen themes. A weblog or a blog is a non-commercial webpage regularly updated through the use of a blogging software which allows the user to "publish" kinds of amalgamations of text and graphics to the page as posts. The technology offered in Ecoblog is utilizing the concept of 4D place and game metaphor in order to provide users the sense of participation, interaction and immersion among them and the growing community. Thus, it requires applying the CAAD technology by implementing semantically well-defined building data model as a core database to create a 4D virtual community. This research focuses on defining a 4d spatial framework suitable for developing an online ecological community. Through our study, the state-of-the-art of online community has been studied at the first step. Second, the scenario of using EcoBlog described with content, visualization and navigation are defined based on the critical features derived at the first step. Finally, a 4d spatial framework composed of semantic building data model, content and rule database is constructed to propose factors that are necessary to establish an ecological virtual community. In conclusion, our framework could enhance the comprehension and interaction between users and virtual buildings in the ecological community by integrating the concept of game design, 4D CAD and semantic data model. Such framework can be applied to any online community for an educational purpose.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.113-131
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• 2017

Objectives : Dianji is a classic mental disorder in oriental medicine. Dian is often used as a name of disease together with Xian and Kuang. However, much confusion arises due to the usage of such words as Diankuang or Dianxian without the full comprehension of these terms' meanings. Dian, especially, is contained in both, so there is a need to clearly define its meaning. Therefore, the paper aims to study in what context Huangdineijing, the oldest classical medical text in oriental medicine, used Dian. Methods : All statements in Huangdineijing containing Dian were studied to create a number of categories. Based on this analysis, the paper attempted to understand Dianji's symptoms, mechanism, natures, and more. Then lastly, the relationship between the usage of Kuang and Xian was pondered upon. Conclusions & Results : The mechanism of pathology of the Dianji in Huangdineijing can be understood within the scope of upper excess and lower deficiency and the reversal of qi. Additionally, Dianji refers to a sickness in the head, and has a essence of spirit disease. Dian and Kuang were expressed as two types of relationship. One expression was a form of symptom that becomes visible during the occurrence phase of Dian, and the other expression was the cases where it was used as an independent sign. On the other hand, there was no case where Xian and Dian were explained in conjunction with each other. However, there still exist some similarities, mainly in that both diseases revolves around epilepsy.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.711-726
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate how congruently the learning objectives of Earth Science I textbooks match the 2009 revised Earth Science curriculum. For this purpose, we classified the learning objectives of curriculum and textbooks were into three factors including ability, cross-cutting concepts, and behavioral verbs. The text data were analyzed using the semantic network analysis method. The results are as follows. The learning objectives of textbooks with regard to ability factors mainly emphasized the cognitive and affective domain. In addition, the ability of inquiry performance was emphasized in the learning objective of the curriculum. The textbooks used various sub-frame of cross-cutting concepts in comparison with the curriculum. Both textbooks and curriculum used the term 'comprehension' the most as behavioral verbs. However, most behavioral verbs just remained at the level of cognitive system.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.99-119
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• 2003

Objectives : The Jap Byoung(雜病) of the Young Chu(靈樞), one of the classical book of oriental medicine contains symptoms and remedies for various diseases that can be seen on human body. But it is too difficult to understand the Jap Byoung(雜病), because it is written in old chinese and there are many printer's error and omissions or adds in this book. As a consequence of above reason, the writer of this article has researched to find out the exact meaning of that. Methods : So in this part we study a woodblock-printed book of successive generation and view of annotators, and add adding notes, adjustment, translation to exact comprehension of the original text. Results & conclusions : The principle ideas of the thesis can be summarized as follows: The Jap Byoung(雜病) is consist of five part. In chapter 1, we present symptoms occurred by the upstream current of Qi(氣逆) and their treatments by taking meridian flowing the body parts on which the symptoms occur. In chapter 2, we deal with symptoms such as ikgun(?乾), a pain of the knee(膝中痛), huby(喉痺), epistaxis(?血), lumbago(腰痛), anger(怒), a pain of the jaw(痛), a pain of the nape(項痛) and their remedies. In chapter 3, since abdominal inflation occurs when the Qi(氣) of the five viscera(五臟) is damaged or go upstream, I discussed that the treatment should be given by taking the meridian accordingly. In chapter 4, we deal with the remedy for heartache, and different meridians to be taken by symptom, and parts on which needle to be used, and detailed remedies. In chapter 5, we present other diseases, detailed body parts to be cured and remedies by referring symptoms for a pain of the jaw(痛), the upstream current of Qi(氣逆), hiccup, etc. Especially, we introduce a part of Doinbup(導引法) for wegurl(?厥) and remedies for hiccup such as inducing sneeze by stimulating nostrils, holding one's breath, etc.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.57-67
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• 2019

The way people read news is changing, from print to screen. In this study, we aimed to understand the impact of the use of infographics in news on readers. According to a study conducted by Reuters Research Institute at the University of Oxford in 2017, the proportion of online consumers of news is steadily increasing, with over 51 per cent of Americans receiving news via social media. Additionally, newspaper subscription rates are rapidly declining. According to previous studies, the understanding of text information is higher in print media than on screen. Therefore, to compensate for the weaknesses in the understanding of online news, online news media are providing infographic news services to deliver good news. Therefore, this study attempted to understand the impact of using infographics in the news. To this end, three experiments were conducted. The findings from the study indicate that the use of infographics in news has a positive effect on users in terms of the variables measured, including cognitive effect and acceptance of news. As compared with print news, on-screen news was not as effective in terms of comprehension. However, we propose interactive infographics to enhance communication effect along with improved design.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5237-5242
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• 2016

Background: Cancer screening rates are lower in Japan than those in western countries. Health professionals publish procancer screening messages on the internet to encourage audiences to undergo cancer screening. However, the information provided is often difficult to read for lay persons. Further, anti-cancer screening activists warn against cancer screening with messages on the Internet. We aimed to assess and compare the readability of pro- and anti-cancer screening online messages in Japan using a measure of readability. Methods: We conducted web searches at the beginning of September 2016 using two major Japanese search engines (Google.jp and Yahoo!.jp). The included websites were classified as "anti", "pro", or "neutral" depending on the claims, and "health professional" or "non-health professional" depending on the writers. Readability was determined using a validated measure of Japanese readability. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA. Results: In the total 159 websites analyzed, anti-cancer screening online messages were generally easier to read than pro-cancer screening online messages, Messages written by health professionals were more difficult to read than those written by non-health professionals. Claim ${\times}$ writer interaction was not significant. Conclusion: When health professionals prepare pro-cancer screening materials for publication online, we recommend they check for readability using readability assessment tools and improve text for easy comprehension when necessary.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.63-86
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• 2017

This research aims to evaluate the effects and the shortcomings of strategies for teaching paraphrasing to foreign university students. For this study, the effects of teaching paraphrasing skills on student's academic writing was investigated through the assessment of pre- and post-test writing tasks and through a focus group interview. The teaching of paraphrasing was divided into 3 instructional sessions and the focus group interview was conducted at the end of the last session. After each instructional session three trained assessors evaluated the outcomes of pre and post task writings; the in-depth focus group interviews were conducted on seven of the students in order to define better positive effects as well as shortcomings. By comparing the scores of pre- and post-task assignments it is possible to affirm that there is a meaningful difference for overall scores; moreover, in an analysis conducted on each single sub-element of the paraphrasing skill, it emerged that except for "task completion", all other four elements of "structure", "understanding core content", "change of expression" and "academic expressions" showed a statistically significant improvement in performance. On the other hand, as a result of the focus group interview, it was possible to individuate as main shortcomings insufficient vocabulary knowledge, poor overall comprehension of the reference material, lack of practice and difficulty in connect sentences organically. It is possible to consider these elements as limiting factors in understanding the reference material and making correct citations by the students. Therefore, we suggest as supplementary instructional strategies a deeper attention to the difficulty level of the text, the introduction of devices to understand better the content of the reference material and an integrated practice of the paraphrasing skill.