• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.52-66
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• 2014

Promotion of a closed-loop supply chain requires disassembly systems that recycle end-of-life (EOL) assembled products. To operate the recycling disassembly system, parts selection is environmentally and economically carried out with non-destructive or destructive disassembly, and the recycling rate of the whole EOL product is determined. As the number of disassembled parts increases, the recycling rate basically increases. However, the labor cost also increases and brings lower profit, which is the difference between the recovered material prices and the disassembly costs. On the other hand, since the precedence relationships among disassembly tasks of the product also change with the parts selections, it is also required to optimize allocation of the tasks in designing a disassembly line. In addition, because information is required for such a design, the recycling rate, profit of each part and disassembly task times take precedence among the disassembly tasks. However, it is difficult to obtain that information in advance before collecting the actual EOL product. This study proposes and analyzes an optimal disassembly system design using integer programming with the environmental and economic parts selection (Igarashi et al., 2013), which harmonizes the recycling rate and profit using recyclability evaluation method (REM) developed by Hitachi, Ltd. The first stage involves optimization of environmental and economic parts selection with integer programming with ${\varepsilon}$ constraint, and the second stage involves optimization of the line balancing with integer programming in terms of minimizing the number of stations. The first and second stages are generally and mathematically formulized, and the relationships between them are analyzed in the cases of cell phones, computers and cleaners.

• 대기
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2018

Sea ice plays an important role in modulating surface conditions at high and mid-latitudes. It reacts rapidly to climate change, therefore, it is a good indicator for capturing these changes from the Arctic climate. While many models have been used to study the predictability of climate variables, their performance in predicting sea ice was not well assessed. This study examines the predictability of the Arctic sea ice extent from ensemble prediction systems. The analysis is focused on verification of predictability in each model compared to the observation and prediction in particular, on lead time in Sub-seasonal to Seasonal (S2S) scales. The S2S database now provides quasi-real time ensemble forecasts and hindcasts up to about 60 days from 11 centers: BoM, CMA, ECCC, ECMWF, HMCR, ISAC-CNR, JMA, KMA, Meteo France, NCEP and UKMO. For multi model comparison, only models coupled with sea ice model were selected. Predictability is quantified by the climatology, bias, trends and correlation skill score computed from hindcasts over the period 1999 to 2009. Most of models are able to reproduce characteristics of the sea ice, but they have bias with seasonal dependence and lead time. All models show decreasing sea ice extent trends with a maximum magnitude in warm season. The Arctic sea ice extent can be skillfully predicted up 6 weeks ahead in S2S scales. But trend-independent skill is small and statistically significant for lead time over 6 weeks only in summer.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2001

항공기나 대형 플랜트 등의 경년구조물에 있어서 제조 및 설계 혹은 작업환경 등에 의해 발생하는 미소결함은 응력부식파괴로 이어지는 결정적인 원인으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 제조단계에서의 결함의 검출뿐만 아니라 운전개지 후에 있어서도 비파괴검사에 기초를 둔 정기적인 건전성평가가 요구된다. 특히 구조물내의 미소균열 평가는 구조건전성 평가에 있어서 중요한 과제라 할 수 있다. 자기광학소자를 이용한 비파괴탐상법은 균열부근의 누설자속에 의한 자구 및 자벽의 변화를 이용하여 균열정보를 화상형태로 얻는다. 그러므로 빠른 탐상속도와 결과데이터 해석의 용이 그리고 실시간적으로 탐상결과를 획득할 수 있다는 장점을 지니고 있다. 본 논문은 자기광학소자를 이용한 새로운 비파괴적 탐상법을 제안하고, 본 탐상법을 이용하여 구조물에 존재하는 표면결함의 검출가능성 및 균열깊이의 평가를 실증하였다. 표면결함을 갖는 시험편과 파이프의 내면에 존재하는 피로균열을 대상으로 실험을 실시한 결과, 표면결함의 위치 및 2차원적 형상을 화상형식으로 얻을 수 있음을 증명하였다. 또한 피로시험중의 시험편을 대상으로 균열발생 및 균열진전과정을 평가를 통하여 원격탐상의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.82-97
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• 2006

일본에 있어서, 공업고등학교 졸업생의 대학진학은 정책적으로 평생학습 관점에서 추진되고 있다. 따라서 공과대학은 이제까지 고등학교에서 대학에의 계통성을 기본으로 한 교육방법을 크게 개혁시킬 필요가 생기고 있다. 나가사키대학교에서는 1995년도부터 공업고등학교 졸업생의 틀별입학이 시작되었다. 현재, $\ulcorner$공학력$\lrcorner$ 양성이라는 새로운 교육-학습 모델 아래서, 특히 보습교육에 의한 기초학력 강화를 중시하고 있다. 학생 개인의 학습이력이나 수업을 관찰하면서, 학생의 실태에 맞는 수업실천과　교재개발을 검토하고, 공업고교 교사와 대학교수가 함께 추진하고 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6519-6524
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of radical cystectomy (RC) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer (BC). From December 2000 to February 2012, 72 patients with locally advanced BC (T3-4a, N0 or N+, M0) received either RC or CRT. RC with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection including the common iliac region as the standard procedure. Patients in the CRT group received one cycle of MVAC followed by radiotherapy with a half dose of MVAC and then two more cycles of MVAC. Standard fractionation at a daily dose of 1.8-2.0 Gy was used, with a median total dose of 50 Gy (range, 45-60 Gy). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates in the RC and CRT groups were 56.2% and 25.6%, respectively (p=-0.015) and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 63.5% and 48.1% (p=0.272). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with application of a propensity score indicated that RC was a significant predictor of PFS (p=0.033) but not of OS (p=0.291). Among patients with locally advanced BC, PFS was significantly prolonged in the RC group compared with the CRT group. However, RC was not a significant predictor of OS. Although the sample size in this study was small, the results suggest that patient background and postoperative quality of life should be considered when choosing treatment strategy for locally advanced BC.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2005

Korea, China and Japan show distinct features in their school environmental education, which are derived from their own spreading processes. Japanese school environmental education has developed as a result of assimilating of anti-pollution education and nature education, and has a feature that makes much of nature experiences. The introduction of 'Period for Integrated Study' in 2002 seems to begin activating Japanese school environmental education. Chinese school environmental education started in higher education institutions around the middle of 1970's, and has a feature that makes a point of scientific approach, even in primary education schools. The two government ordinances,'National Action Program for Environmental General Knowledge ($1996{\sim}2010$)' and 'Educational Scheme of Environmental Theme Study for Elementary and Secondary School Students' issued in 2003, gradually promote school environmental education in China. It is remarkable that Science and Technology Centers for Youth and also increasing environmental NPOs often support environmental activities in elementary or secondary schools. The most notable feature of Korean school environmental education is that 'Environment' has already offered as a regular elective subject in junior high school, and official 'Environment' textbook has published since early 1990's. Though, the adoption rate of 'Environment' is not yet so high. Each country's peculiar issues are as follows. Japan: (1) Students often lack basic knowledge about environmental important problems. (2) 'Period for Integrated Study' is now threatened with cutting hours by the idea of increasing periods for basic subjects to keep high achievement. China: (1) There are large regional differences and school distinctions in operation of environmental education. (2) Adult environmental education needs to be expanded, because the most part of Chinese have no experience of school environmental education. Korea: (1) The relationship between the administrative division which plans school environmental education and teachers group is not quite well. The adoption rate of 'Environment' in junior high school needs to be improved. The training of many teachers for environmental education instructors may be the most important and effective cooperative action among Korea, China and Japan, and for that purpose we ought to work on making a better handbook for instructors, at first.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.432-435
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• 2002

We have developed and proposed the heavy ion CT system which consists of fluorescent screen and CCD camera equipped with image intensifier. In our system, we have measured the residual range of particles that passed a phantom and reconstructed the CT image for the distribution of relative stopping power by filtered back projection method with Shepp '||'&'||' Logan filter. The heavy ion $\^$12/C accelerated up to 400 MeV/u by HIMAC (Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba) was used. Intensity of the beam output changes like macro pulse, the period being 3.3 sec and the width being 2 sec. The series of data was acquired in synchronizing with the pulse, leading to the improvement of S/N in the CT image. The fundamental performance was experimentally evaluated in the proposed system. The spatial resolution was estimated to be about 1 mm and the density resolution (electron density referred to water) to be about 0.01.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.228-230
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• 2002

The relative electron density resolution was discussed by the noise power spectrum (NPS) in the heavy ion CT image. The heavy ion beam $\^$12/C accelerated up to 400MeV/u by RIMAC was used in this study. The two-dimensional (2-D) NPS in the CT image was obtained from the one-dimensional (1-D) NPS of the measured residual range distribution of water phantom for single projection, and the noise variance in the CT image was calculated from 2-D NPS. The technique used in the reconstruction was the filtered back-projection method with Shepp-Logan filter. The calculated value suggests the result of our previous works using the density resolution phantom, assuming that the relative electron density resolution is twice the standard deviation. Therefore, the estimation of the noise in CT images by 2-D NPS obtained the measured residual range distribution is the useful method.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1399-1404
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• 2016

We investigated the urinary levels of 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha to evaluate their diagnostic significance with regard to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and angiomyolipoma (AML). Urine samples from 91 patients with ccRCC, 16 patients with AML and 24 healthy volunteers were assessed. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha levels in urine. Values were higher in patients with ccRCC than in those with AML and in healthy volunteers. High levels were associated with pathologic stage, lymph node status, distant metastasis and poor survival. Urinary levels of 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha were significantly increased in patients with small-sized carcinoma, irrespective of being less than 4.0 cm and 2.0 cm, compared with levels in patients with AML. This study is the first to report that increased expression of 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha in urine is associated with advanced stage and poor survival in patients with ccRCC. In addition, urinary 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha may differentiate AML from RCC, even when small sized. These results suggest that examination of urinary 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with ccRCC.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2020

Background: International organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) reported public exposure doses due to radionuclides released in the Fukushima nuclear accident a few years after the event. However, the reported doses were generally overestimated due to conservative assumptions such as a longer stay in deliberate areas designated for evacuation than the actual stay. After these reports had been published, more realistic dose values were reported by Japanese scientists. Materials and Methods: The present paper reviews those reports, including the most recently published articles; and summarizes estimated effective doses (external and internal) and issues related to their estimation. Results and Discussion: External dose estimation can be categorized as taking two approaches-estimation from ambient dose rate and peoples' behavior patterns-and measurements using personal dosimeters. The former approach was useful for estimating external doses in an early stage after the accident. The first 4-month doses were less than 2 mSv for most (94%) study subjects. Later on, individual doses came to be monitored by personal dosimeter measurements. On the basis of these measurements, the estimated median annual external dose was reported to be < 1 mSv in 2011 for 22 municipalities of Fukushima Prefecture. Internal dose estimation also can be categorized as taking two approaches: estimation from whole-body counting and estimation from monitoring of environmental samples such as radioactivity concentrations in food and drinking water. According to results by the former approach, committed effective dose due to ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs could be less than 0.1 mSv for most residents including those from evacuated areas. Conclusion: Realistic doses estimated by Japanese scientists indicated that the doses reported by WHO and UNSCEAR were generally overestimated. Average values for the first-year effective doses for residents in two affected areas (Namie Town and Iitate Village) were not likely to reach 10 mSv, the lower end of the doses estimated by WHO.