• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 2016

Purpose: To establish the cause of decrease in body stability and to analyze the effects on sensory organs maintaining static balance according to the induced astigmatic blur. Methods: Twenty subjects (10 males, 10 females; mean age, $23.40{\pm}2.70years$) were participated in this study. To induce myopic simple astigmatism, the axis directions of cylindrical lenses were placed $180^{\circ}$ on both eyes (with-the-rule), $90^{\circ}$ on both eyes (against-the-rule), and $45^{\circ}$ on both eyes (oblique). Cylindrical lenses of +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, +3.00, +4.00, and +5.00 D were used to increase astigmatic blur in each astigmatism types. General stability (ST) and sway power (SP) in frequencies by each sensory organs were analyzed using the TETRAX biofeedback system. Results: ST in the all astigmatism types were raised with increase of astigmatic blur compared to full corrected condition, but a significant difference only showed in the induced oblique astigmatism. According to the results of correlation analysis between ST and SP in the each frequencies with increase of astigmatic blur, the causes of increased ST in the induced oblique astigmatism showed to have a high correlation in order of somatosensory system (high-medium frequency), central nervous system (high frequency), peripheral vestibular system (low-medium frequency), and visual system (low frequency). Conclusions: The visual information by uncorrected oblique astigmatism may disturb the normal functions of all sensory organs maintaining body balance, consequently, the body stability can be reduced. Therefore, optimal correction of astigmatism can play an important role for reducing the instability of body balance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was of scale using auditory biofeedback training and kinging training on walking speed and weight bearing ratio in patients hemiplegia with stroke to determine of the effects of such training would be maintained even after stopping the intervention. METHODS: The 30 subject were classified into three groups : 12 times, 3 times a week receiving the control, the experimental group scale using auditory and kicking training for 4 weeks. In addition, all subjects in the control group and experimental groups received the same general exercise treatment 12 times, 3 times a week for 4 weeks, and underwent follow-up tests. The significance of differences between the control group and the experimental groups was analysis by repeated-ANOVA, Interaction time and groups was analysis by repeated-ANOVA. In case where there were differences, post-hot tests were conducted using repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: There were significant differences in 10 m walking speed and weight bearing ratio between the control group and experimental group after the performance of the scale using auditory training and kicking training. Scale using auditory biofeedback training 4 weeks was more effective than kicking training. After 8 weeks weight bearing ratio maintained on scale using auditory training. CONCLUSION: These finding suggest that the scale using auditory biofeedback training and kicking training has positive effects on hemiplegia with stroke.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.675-682
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of auditory biofeedback training and kicking training on walking times in patients with hemiplegia to determine if the effects of such training would be maintained even after stopping the intervention. Thirty hemiplegia patients were selected and randomly assigned to a control group of 10 patients to receive general exercise treatment; an auditory biofeedback training group of 10 patients to receive auditory biofeedback training, along with general exercise; and a kicking training group to receive kicking training, along with general exercise. All the patients received their respective training 12 times in total, three times per week for four weeks. In addition, all those in the control and experimental groups received the same general exercise treatment 12 times in total, three times per week for four weeks, and underwent follow-up tests thereafter. The patients' 10m walking times were measured using a stopwatch. The significance was analyzed using repeated-ANOVAs. In cases where there were interactions between measuring times and groups, in each group were examined using repeated-ANOVAs. In cases where there were differences, post-hoc tests were conducted using repeated of contrast test. The 10m walking times of the control and experimental groups were significant differences in 10m walking times were shown between measurement times(p<.05), and significant differences in the interactions between measuring times and groups were shown between the groups(p <.05). However, no significant differences in 10m walking times were shown between the groups(p>.05). The auditory biofeedback training group showed significant decreases in walking times four weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p<.05) and significant increases eight weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p<.05). The kicking training group showed significant decreases in walking time four weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p<.05) and maintained the walking times without showing any significant differences eight weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p>.05). The walking speeds of only the kicking training group were maintained until eight weeks after the beginning of the intervention.