• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 1995

황복의 독성을 조사하기 위하여 1992년과 1993년에 임진강으로 산란하러 소상한 46 개체를 채집하여 조직별로 나누어 독성을 살펴보았다. 조직중에서는 난소와 간장은 맹독이었으며, 정소, 내장, 담낭과 비장은 강독이었고, 근육과 껍질은 약독이었으나 혈액은 무독이었다. 본 결과는 Tani (1945)의 보고와 정소, 근육, 껍질의 독성에서 차이를 보였으며, 특히 이제까지 무독 또는 약독으로 여겨 식용으로 하여 왔던 근육과 정소의 독성이 본 연구에서는 약독 또는 강독으로 독성을 보이고 있어, 중독 예방을 위해서는 주의할 필요가 있다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2007

A differential diagnosis between the true hermaphroditism (TH) and mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) has important clinical implications for gender assignment and the decision for early gonadectomy; however, variable clinical and histological features frequently lead to the confusion of TH with MGD. A 17-month-old boy was presented with proximal hypospadias with chordee and right non-palpable testis in his scrotum. He also had right auricular anomaly including a separated tragus with skin tag. Left testis was well palpable in his left scrotum. Diagnostic right inguinal exploration showed Mullerian structures such as a gonad like an ovary and a fallopian tube with a uterus, which were removed. Repair of hypospadias and right auricular anomaly was also done. Following ultrasonography (USG) showed a normal looking testis in left scrotum. His chromosome was 45, XO/46, XY. We report a difficult case of mixed gonadal dysgenesis mimicking true hermaphroditism which combines ipsilateral congenital auricular anomaly.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2012

본 연구는 저선량율 방사선에 의한 급성독성을 조사하기 위해 BALB/c 마우스에게 낮은 선량율에 방사선을 만성 노출 후 일반증상과 체중, 장기중량, 부검소견, 혈액 및 뇨 검사를 통해 독성유무를 관찰하였다. 각각 암 수 20마리 마우스는 각 5마리씩 4군으로 분류하고, 3.49 $mGy{\cdot}h^{-1}$의 저선량율 방사선을 정상대조군, 0.02, 0.2, 2 Gy를 각각 5.7시간, 2.4일, 24일 간 지속적으로 노출시키고 조사 후 1일에 마우스를 희생하여 독성을 평가하였다. 저선량율 방사선은 최고선량의 (2 Gy) 노출에도 사망률, 임상증상, 체중, 사료와 음수 섭취량, 뇨검사, 혈청 생화학에서 독성이 관찰되지 않았다. 하지만 고환, 난소, 자궁을 포함한 생식 장기는 방사선량 의존적으로 장기의 무게가 감소되었으나, 다른 장기의 무게 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 모든 방사선 조사군에서 혈액학적인 부작용은 관찰되지 않았고, 단지 호중구수가 노출선량에 의존적으로 증가하였다. 이번 실험결과 마우스에서 저선량율 방사선 노출은 최고 선량인 2 Gy의 노출에 다른 부작용은 관찰되지 않았으나, 암컷 수컷의 생식장기에 무게 감소가 관찰되었다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-31
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• 2023

The sesarmid crab Muradium tetragonum, inhabiting the mangrove, are considered as a key consumer of litter and thereby play an important role in the detritus food chain and energy flow in the mangrove ecosystem. The present investigation was carried out with objectives to enlighten the reproductive system of Muradium tetragonum through histological and histochemical studies. Histological organization of the testis of M. tetragonum revealed that each testis has a lobular structure consisting of several testicular lobules arranged around the collecting duct. Histology of the deferens of M. tetragonum revealed it to be composed of three-layer of tissues along the entire length:the outer connective tissue, the middle muscular and the inner epithelial layer. Based on the histological architecture these three regions are recognized as proximal vas deferens (PVD), middle vas deferens (MVD) and distal vas deferens (DVD). Histological characteristics of the ovary of M. tetragonum during different phases of ovarian development were studied. Based on the colour changes of the ovary and diameter of the oocytes five stages of ovarian development can be pronounced. Histochemical analysis of the male reproductive tissues of M. tetragonum signifies the secretion of a different biomolecule by specifying their origin in the reproductive tissue and their possible transformation into spermatophores. In the female reproductive tissues, histochemical evaluation envisaged the secretory products during different stages of ovarian development The secretory substances of the spermatheca expound on the significance of its secretion in dehiscing the spermatophore wall and in nourishing as well as protecting the spermatozoa.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.529-546
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• 1998

부화직후 1.9 mm였던 자어는 부화후 47일경 19 mm전후로 성장하며 초기성장기 자어류들의 전장과 체중과의 관계는 $BW=4.45{\times}10^{-6}TL^{3.4718}$, r=0.9820이었다. 해상가두리의 사육개체는 최대어 전장 28.4 cm까지 성장한 개체를 사용하였고 이들 개체의 전장과 체중과의 관계는 $BW=2.36{\times}10^{-2}TL^{2.9180}$, r=0.9971이었다. 미분화된 참돔의 생식소부위는 생식소와 지방체로 구성되어 있으며 분화가 진행되어 생식소가 비후됨에 따라 지방체는 점점 수축되어 갔다. 부화후 6개월의 미분화기까지 발달한 생식소부위는 생식소와 곤봉상의 지방체로 구성되었다. 이들 생식소는 미세한 반투명산으로 생식원세포를 구별할 수 없는 미발달생태를 유지하고 있다. 부화후 7개월부터 생식소 상피조직의 발달로 생식상피를 식별할 수 있었고, 부화후 8개월 생식소는 난원세포의 발달로 성분화가 시작되었다. 이후 9개월 생식소 내강상피 전체에 초기 난모세포들이 발달하고 이들 난모세포들의 증가로 생식소내강은 난소강을 이룬다. 부화후 13개월 난모세포는 생식소전체를 채우게 되고 곧 난모세포들의 세포질 붕괴가 시작된다. 15개월부터는 난소강을 중심으로 새로운 초기 난모세포들이 발달하여 난소조직으로 된다. 그리고 공포상조식은 정원세포들이 분열.증식하여 정소조직을 이루게 된다. 이후 이들은 생식소자웅동체기를 지나 암.수로 성이 결정된다. 따라서 참돔은 유시자웅동체 juvenile hermaphrodite 이고 미분화자웅이제 경골어류 undifferentiated gonochoristic teleost이었다. 생식소 자웅분화상은 미분화기, 유사난원세포기, 유사난소기, 난소발달기, 정소형자웅동체기, 난소형자웅동체기 및 정소발달기로 구분되었다. 미분화기 생식소는 부화후부터 13개월, 전장 18cm까지 지속되었으며, 유사난원세포기는 부화후 7~13개월, 전장 11~18cm까지 지속되었다. 유사난소기는 부화 10~14개월, 전장 14~26cm까지이며, 난소발달기는 부화후 14개월, 전장 20cm부터 시작되었다. 부화후 20개월에는 전 조사개체의 44%가 난소였다. 난소형자웅동체기는 부화후 15개월, 전장 19~20cm부터 출현하며, 부화후 20개월, 전장 28~29cm에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 정소형자웅동체는 부화후 15개월, 전장 21~22cm에서 첫 출현한 후 20개월까지 지속되었다. 정소발달기는 부화후 15개월, 전장 21~22cm에서 첫 출현한 후 20개월의 39%, 전장 28~29cm의 33%를 차지하였다. 50%이상의 성분화발현은 부화후 11개월, 전장 16cm부터였다. 성결정은 암컷이 부화후 14개월, 전장은 20mc, 수컷이 부화후 15개월, 전장 20cm에 시작되었다. 50%이상의 성결정은 부화후 17개월, 전장 23cm에 일어났다

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.293-295
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• 2009

Two postmortem male and female reticulated giraffes were examined. The adult male giraffe showed sigmoid flexure of penis similar to most ungulates. Epididymis was well-developed and divided with head, body and tail parts. On the tip of penis, there was a urethral process. At the necropsy of a 20-month-old and nulliparous giraffe, ovaries, oviducts, two uterine horns with a septum and a cervix were distinctively shown. Understanding reproductive organs of giraffes would be beneficial to succeed in artificial breeding on this species especially in the difficult situation of importing hoofed animals.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2006

Toxicity of two species of puffer fish, Takifugu porphyreus and Takifugu rubripes, collected from coastal regions of Korea, was determined using a mouse bioassay, In T. porphyreus, the proportion of toxic specimens containing ${\ge}$ 10 MU/g was 58.3% for the ovary, 32.6% for the skin, 12.0% for the gallbladder, 11.6% for the liver and intestine, and 9.3% for the fin; no toxicity was detected in the muscle and testis using the mouse bioassay. The highest toxin levels were 531 MU/g in the liver, 253 MU/g in the intestine, 136 MU/g in the gallbladder, 118 MU/g in the skin, 116 MU/g in the ovary, and 108 MU/g in the fin. The skin, which is used for human consumption, showed significantly high toxicity with an average of $11{\pm}3\;(mean{\pm}SE) MU/g$. Takifugu porphyreus toxicity also exhibited remarkable regional variation. In T. rubripes, the proportion of toxic specimens was 25.0% for the ovary, 15.8% for the liver, 11.1% for the gallbladder, and 5.3% for the fin and intestine; no toxicity was detected in the muscle, skin, or testis. Among the organs, the highest toxin levels were 228 MU/g in the ovary, followed by 112 MU/g in the liver, 28 MU/g in the gallbladder, 18 MU/g in the intestine, 11 MU/g in the fin, and 8 MU/g in the skin. Thus, we found acceptable toxin levels in the edible muscle and skin of T. rubripes and in the muscle of T. porphyreus. However, the skin of T. porphyreus, which showed significantly high toxicity, requires special attention when used for human consumption.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Global Environmental Problems and their Health Consequences
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• pp.185-187
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• 2004

The co-administration of BPA and BBP induced slow weight gain compared with single administration in dams. Also, such mixture induced low neonatal body weights in next generation. The dams treated with BPA and BBP showed significant organ weight changes in liver, spleen exposed during lactational periods. But the dams exposed during lactational periods showed significant organ weight changes not only in liver, spleen but also in kidney, uterus and ovary. The F1 female rats exposed during lactation periods showed significant organ weight changes in liver, spleen, ovary. The F1 male rats showed significant organ weight changes in liver, kidney, epididymis, vesicular glands, prostate. However no clear synergistic effects of BPA and BBP could be found. Estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ expression by BPA and BBP in the uterus(dam, F1 female) and testis(F1 male) were studied. There was no significant different $ER{\alpha}$ expression pattern between control and treated groups. But $ER{\alpha}$ expression were increased in F1 male testis and female uterus. F1 male showed distinct $ER{\alpha}$ expression, especially in the group of lactational combined exposure. Synergistic $ER{\alpha}$ expression was found by combined treatment of BPA and BBP.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.471-482
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• 1996

These experiments were undertaken in order to find out the useful clinicopathological diagnostic methods of cadmium poisoning in dogs. Twenty-one dogs were divided into a control group and 6 experimental groups. The experimental groups were adminstered orally 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120mg of cadmium per kg of body weight for 56 days. All dogs were examined for clinical signs, and weekly changes in hematological and blood chemical values. All dogs were necropsied on 57th days of experiment. Tissue samples including hair, skin, muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, testis, ovary, uterus, and bone were collected and analyzed for cadmium, zinc, iron and copper contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. From these experiments following results were obtained : 1. All experimental dogs showed vomitting, salivation, anorexia, decreased water-intake, dehydration, and marked weight loss. The dogs received 30mg/kg or more of cadmium died during the period from 2nd to 7th week after administration. 2. Hematologically, all experimental dogs showed decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. The anemia was identified as normocytic and regenerative morphologically. 3. No significant differences in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and cholosterol value were obseved between the control and experimental dogs. 4. The cadmium contents in various tissues of experimental dogs were estimated as $37.8{\sim}201.8{\mu}g/g$ in bone, $14.1{\sim}49.5{\mu}g/g$ in liver, $13.2{\sim}53.1{\mu}g/g$ in kidney, $0.4{\sim}35.2{\mu}g/g$ in pancreas, $0.8{\sim}35.4{\mu}g/g$ in spleen, $0.9{\sim}30.1{\mu}g/g$ in hair, $0{\sim}7.1{\mu}g/g$ in lung, $0{\sim}5.1{\mu}g/g$ in skin, and $0{\sim}3.6{\mu}g/g$ in muscle, respectively. However, the serum, testis, ovary and uterus showed no cadmium accumulation. Two contol dogs showed cadmium accumulation only in bone. 5. Significant differances in zinc, iron, and copper contents in tissue samples were observed between the control and experimental groups.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2009

In this study, bovine Dnmt1 cDNA was sequenced and detected Dnmt1 mRNA level in bovine tissues by northern blot, methylation pattern of genome by southern blot, specific localization of Dnmt1 in mouse and bovine preimplantation embryos by immunocytostaining and Dnmt1 protein level in ovary and testis by western blot. Bovine Dnmt1 cDNA sequence showed more homology with that of human than mouse and rat. The RNA level of Dnmt1 was 10 times higher expression in placenta than other tissues. This indicates that placenta was hypermethylated compared to others organs. The genomic DNA could not be cut by a specific restriction enzyme (HpaII) in placenta, lung and liver of bovine. It suggests that Dnmt1 in some somatic cells was already methylated. Dnmt1, which has the antibody epitope 1316~1616, was distributed in nucleus and cytoplasm including the stage of pronuclear stage and maturation of oocyte and gradually weaken to blastocyst stage compare to negative. In addition, Dnmt1 was strongly expressed in tetraploid embryo and cloned 8-cell than IVF 8-cell. An aberrant pattern of DNA methylation in cloned embryo may be abnormal development of fetus, embryonic lethality and placenta dysfunction. The somatic specific band (190kDa) was appeared in ovary and testis, but oocyte specific band (175kDa) was not. Further investigations are necessary to understand the complex links between the methyltransferases and the transcriptional activity of genes in the cloned bovine tissues.