• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.209-219
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• 2005

The required standards for environmental tests for communication and electronic equipment used currently are not standards into which the Korean climate and use environment are taken into consideration. But the most used environmental testing standards of the U.S. army(MIL-STD-810) has been used without taking into consideration the Korean domestic situation and conditions by simply translating the US standards. Adherence to these standards may increase in the manufacturing costs according to excessively strict standards. Therefore, this paper will propose a new environmental test standards for temperature.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.12
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• pp.2127-2137
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• 2016

In this paper, characteristic tests for current transformers with maximum mA secondary current of 250 mA is performed. The purpose of this paper is not only to test the mA current transformers by following the IEEE Draft Standard for Current Transformers with Maximum mA Secondary Current of 250mA, but also to take into consideration certain applications in the use of the mA CTs for billing purposes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.7B
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• pp.1305-1312
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• 1999

To improve the quality of standards of information and communication, well-structured testing and certification procedure for interoperability must be established. Thus, the testing and certification by well-known organizations is very imperative to verify whether standards meet requirements of minimum components properly that are essential to implement products and services in practice focusing on interoperability testing area. In this paper, we investigate cases of abroad and the current situation of our country in order to establish the well-structured testing and certification system and promote researches for the testing and certification system as a national policy in coincidence with revision of relating systems in interoperability testing area. And then we intend to introduce desirable direction for the testing and certification system.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.2 no.4 s.8
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• pp.107-116
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• 2001

As the international trade has been increased, unified worldwide standards are getting more important and necessary. At the TBT(Agreement on Technical Barrier to Trade) of WTO(World Trade Organization) and the CTI meeting of APEC(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation), they made an agreement with applying International Standards to National Standards gradually. In addition, ISO (International Organization for Standardization) established the ISO/IEC Guide 21, a guideline for applying International Standards to National Standards. In these environment, Korean Industrial Standards has to be prepared for it. This paper introduce the comparison between Korean Industrial Standards and ISO Standards about the standards of sampling and testing the fresh concrete, based on ISO/IEC Guide 21 by ISO and the Applying guideline by Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, and then discuss the problem about applying them. The overall objective is to establish the applying guideline on construction fields, which is civil and building engineering part(KS F) of Korean Industrial Standards.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.398-408
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• 2023

Smart clothing products can experience a decrease in performance and reliability due to various mechanical, biological, and chemical stress factors that occur throughout their life cycle. These issues can hinder consumer acceptance of the products. This study aims to enhance the reliability of smart clothing and facilitate quality control by analyzing and identifying the current status of international standardization for smart clothing and electronic textiles (e-textiles). The focus of this analysis was on the durability test methods in the use environment. Furthermore, similar standards published by different standardization organizations for durability tests were compared in depth. The study showed that a total of 27 international standards have been developed or are currently under development. The current standardization efforts mainly aim to develop functionality and durability test methods for smart clothing and e-textile products. A detailed comparison was made between two international standards (IEC 63023-204-1:2023 and AATCC TM210:2019) specifically in relation to the washing durability test method and the electrical resistance measurement standards (BS EN 16812:2016 vs AATCC EP13-2021), before and after the environmental exposure tests. Based on this comparison, several suggestions have been made and discussed for the future revision of these international standards.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.5-21
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• 2006

Traditional standards and specifications for concrete have largely been prescriptive, (or prescription-based), and can sometimes hinder innovation and in particular the use of more environmentally friendly concretes by requiring minimum cement contents and SCM replacement levels. In December 2004, the Canadian CSA A23.1-04 standard was issued which made provisions (a) for high-volume SCM concretes, (b) added new performance requirements for concrete, and (c) clearly outlined the requirements and responsibilities for use in performance-based concrete specifications. Also, in December 2003, the CSA A3000 Hydraulic Cement standard was revised. It (a) reclassified the types of cements based on performance requirements, with both Portland and blended cements meeting the same physical requirements, (b) allows the use of performance testing for assessing sulphate resistance of cementitious materials combinations, (c) includes an Annex D, which allows performance testing of new or non-traditional supplementary cementing materials. From a review of international concrete standards, it was found that one of the main concerns with performance specifications has been the lack of tests, or lack of confidence in existing tests, for judging all relevant performance concerns. Of currently used or available test methods for both fresh, hardened physical, and durability properties, it was found that although there may be no ideal testing solutions, there are a number of practical and useful tests available. Some of these were adopted in CSA A23.1-04, and it is likely that new performance tests will be added in future revisions. Other concerns with performance standards are the different perspectives on the point of testing for performance. Some concrete suppliers may prefer processes for both pre-qualifying the plant, and specific mixtures, followed only with testing only 'end-of-chute' fresh properties on-site. However, owners want to know the in-place performance of the concrete, especially with high-volume SCM concretes where placing and curing are important. Also, the contractor must be aware of, and share the responsibility for handling, constructability, curing, and scheduling issues that influence the in-place concrete properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2016

Non-destructive testing methods for composite materials (e.g., carbon fiber-reinforced and glass fiber-reinforced plastic) have been widely used to detect damage in the overall industry. This study detects defects using optical infrared thermography. The transient heat transport in a solid body is characterized by two dynamic quantities, namely, thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity. The first quantity describes the speed with thermal energy diffuses through a material, whereas the second one represents a type of thermal inertia. The defect detection rate is increased by utilizing a lock-in method and performing a comparison of the defect detection rates. The comparison is conducted by dividing the irradiation method into reflection and transmission methods and the irradiation time into 50 mHz and 100 mHz. The experimental results show that detecting defects at 50 mHz is easy using the transmission method. This result implies that low-frequency thermal waves penetrate a material deeper than the high-frequency waves.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.16-26
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• 1988

In the in-service inspections for the steam generator tubing of the nuclear power plants by the Eddy Current Testing, the ECT signals are evaluated by their phase. If oxidized copper sludge is piled up in the secondary side, however, big sludge signals occur in large quantities which originate from copper layers forming in the sludge piles due to the pitting mechanism of the steam generator tubing by $Cu^{2+}$, and modulate the defect signals, causing the difficulty in the defect detection. In this research, sludge specimens were prepared considering the formations of the sludge signal sources and multi-frequency ECT mixing experiments by different choices of the mixing standards were performed. The results were found to be 5 to 30% of the tube wall thickness over-estimated. Experiments using the ring-type mixing standards showed the least errors of all, while those with the mixing standards nearing the sludge conditions brought larger errors as a result of the influence of the interference between the defect and the copper layers.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1132-1138
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• 2009

Brake friction materials in railway applications are one of critical elements for acceleration and/or deceleration of vehicle, stop at designated position, and stability of vehicle operation. In this investigation, a comprehensive overview on international standards on brake friction materials, including UIC, JI, and AAR, was conducted to understand the current standards creation trend and collect the related information on brake friction materials with different applications. Moreover, the detailed conditions such as testing conditions and environment, testing items, and materials, were carefully reviewed and compared by each standard. The preliminary results will be used for the creation of Korean railway standards (KRS) on brake shoe materials.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2024

Recent advancements in organoid technology have led to a vigorous movement towards utilizing it as a substitute for animal experiments. Organoid technology offers versatile applications, particularly in toxicity testing of pharmaceuticals or chemical substances. However, for the practical use in toxicity testing, minimal guidance is required to ensure reliability and relevance. This paper aims to provide minimal guidelines for practical uses of kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells as a toxicity evaluation model in vitro.