• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2008

목적: 노안에서 십자와 적록을 조합한 시표를 사용하여 얻어진 잠정가입도와 최종가입도를 비교하기 위해 실시하였다. 방법: 대상자는 41~60세(평균연령 51.7세) 사이의 노안이 있는 60명으로 하였다. 잠정가입도는 십자시표(CG), 적록시표(RG) 및 두 가지 시표를 조합하여 만든 적록십자시표(RGCG)를 사용하여 결정하였으며, 최종가입도는 검사거리 40 cm에서 각 대상자에 맞게 잠정가입도를 조정하여 결정하였다. 결과: 측정 방법별 잠정가입도와 최종가입도 사이의 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 적록십자시표에 의한 방법이 높은 신뢰도(repeatability)를 나타냈다. 결론: 적록 십자시표(RGCG)는 노안 가입도 결정에 필요한 적절한 데이터를 얻을 수 있으며, 양안시 임상에서 가입도 처방의 진단 평가에 유용할 것이다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.323-337
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• 2019

Wind tunnel testing technique has been established as a powerful experimental method for predicting wind-induced loads on high-rise buildings. Accurate assessment of the design wind load combinations for tall buildings on the basis of wind tunnel tests is an extremely important and complicated issue. The traditional design practice for determining wind load combinations relies partly on subjective judgments and lacks a systematic and reliable method of evaluating critical load cases. This paper presents a novel optimization-based framework for determining wind tunnel derived load cases for the structural design of wind sensitive tall buildings. The peak factor is used to predict the expected maximum resultant responses from the correlated three-dimensional wind loads measured at each wind angle. An optimized convex hull is further developed to serve as the design envelope in which the peak values of the resultant responses at any azimuth angle are enclosed to represent the critical wind load cases. Furthermore, the appropriate number of load cases used for design purposes can be predicted based on a set of Pareto solutions. One 30-story building example is used to illustrate the effectiveness and practical application of the proposed optimization-based technique for the evaluation of peak resultant wind-induced load cases.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.505-520
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• 2022

In recent years, geotextile-encased gravel columns (usually called stone columns) have become a popular method to increasing soil shear strength, decreasing the settlement, acceleration of the rate of consolidation, reducing the liquefaction potential and increasing the bearing capacity of foundations. The behavior of improved loose base-soil with gravel columns under shear loading and the shear stress-horizontal displacement curves got from large scale direct shear test are of great importance in understanding the performance of this method. In the present study, by performing 36 large-scale direct shear tests on sandy base-soil with different fine-content of zero to 30% in both not improved and improved with gravel columns, the effect of the presence of gravel columns in the loose soils were investigated. The results were used to predict the shear stress-horizontal displacement curve of these samples using support vector machines (SVM). Variables such as the non-plastic fine content of base-soil (FC), the area replacement ratio of the gravel column (Arr), the geotextile encasement and the normal stress on the sample were effective factors in the shear stress-horizontal displacement curve of the samples. The training and testing data of the model showed higher power of SVM compared to multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network in predicting shear stress-horizontal displacement curve. After ensuring the accuracy of the model evaluation, by introducing different samples to the model, the effect of different variables on the maximum shear stress of the samples was investigated. The results showed that by adding a gravel column and increasing the Arr, the friction angle (ϕ) and cohesion (c) of the samples increase. This increase is less in base-soil with more FC, and in a proportion of the same Arr, with increasing FC, internal friction angle and cohesion decreases.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2023

Machine learning methods diversely applied to the Internet of Things (IoT) field have been successful due to the enhancement of computer processing power. They offer an effective way of detecting malicious intrusions in IoT because of their high-level feature extraction capabilities. In this paper, we proposed a novel feature selection method for malicious intrusion detection in IoT by using an evolutionary technique - Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The proposed model is performing the classification of BoT-IoT dataset to evaluate its quality through the training and testing with classifiers. The data is reduced and several preprocessing steps are applied such as: unnecessary information removal, null value checking, label encoding, standard scaling and data balancing. GA has applied over the preprocessed data, to select the most relevant features and maintain model optimization. The selected features from GA are given to ML classifiers such as Logistic Regression (LR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the results are evaluated using performance evaluation measures including recall, precision and f1-score. Two sets of experiments are conducted, and it is concluded that hyperparameter tuning has a significant consequence on the performance of both ML classifiers. Overall, SVM still remained the best model in both cases and overall results increased.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권4A호
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• pp.407-419
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• 2009

이 연구는 조립식 기초부를 갖는 프리캐스트 세그먼트 PSC 교각의 지진거동을 파악하고 이에 대한 상세와 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 6개의 프리캐스트 세그먼트 PSC 교각 실험체에 일정 축하중 하에서 횡방향 반복하중을 가하는 준정적 실험을 수행하였다. 사용된 프로그램은 철근콘크리트 구조물의 해석을 위한 RCAHEST이다. 사용된 부착 또는 비부착 텐던요소는 유한요소법에 근거하며 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 부재의 콘크리트와 텐던의 상호작용을 구현할 수 있다. 수정된 접합요소는 세그먼트 접합부의 비탄성거동을 예측할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 조립식 기초부를 갖는 프리캐스트 세그먼트 PSC 교각의 실험적, 해석적 결과를 제시하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2023

Pan-Enterovirus (Pan-EV) infects millions of children and infants worldwide every year. As severe infections have recently been reported, the need for monitoring has consequently intensified. Pan-EV is a categorical name for waterborne enteroviruses belonging to the Picornaviridae family, and includes a wide range of pathogens including Coxsackievirus (CoxV), Echovirus (EcoV) and Enterovirus (EV). In this study, we proposed an optimal RT-nested PCR method for diagnosis of various types of Pan-EV in an aquatic environment and developed a positive control. Considering detection sensitivity, specific reaction, and final identification, one condition capable of amplifying 478 bp among the four candidates in the 1^st round PCR (RT-PCR) and one condition in the 2^nd round PCR (nested PCR) were selected. Through the detection of nucleic acids extracted from 123 groundwater samples and the detection sensitivity test based on artificial spiking in the sample, the methods are optimal for non-disinfected water samples such as groundwater. We developed a positive control for Pan-EV detection that can be amplified to different sizes under the two conditions. Accuracy could be further improved by testing for contamination from the control group. The method proposed in this study and the positive control developed are expected to be used in monitoring Pan-EV in aquatic environments including groundwater through future research using more samples.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2023

Urbanization and industrialization have significantly increased the amount of solid waste produced in recent decades, posing considerable disposal problems and environmental burdens. The practice of waste utilization in concrete has gained popularity among construction practitioners and researchers for the efficient use of resources and the transition to the circular economy in construction. This study employed Lytag aggregate, an environmentally friendly pulverized fuel ash-based lightweight aggregate, as a substitute for natural coarse aggregate. At the same time, fly ash, an industrial by-product, was used as a partial substitute for cement. Concrete mix M20 was experimented with using fly ash and Lytag lightweight aggregate. The percentages of fly ash that make up the replacements were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The Compressive Strength (CS), Split Tensile Strength (STS), and deflection were discovered at these percentages after 56 days of testing. The concrete cube, cylinder, and beam specimens were examined in the explorations, as mentioned earlier. The results indicate that a 10% substitution of cement with fly ash and a replacement of coarse aggregate with Lytag lightweight aggregate produced concrete that performed well in terms of mechanical properties and deflection. The cementitious composites have varying characteristics as the environment changes. Therefore, understanding their mechanical properties are crucial for safety reasons. CS, STS, and deflection are the essential property of concrete. Machine learning (ML) approaches have been necessary to predict the CS of concrete. The Artificial Fish Swarm Optimization (AFSO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Harmony Search (HS) algorithms were investigated for the prediction of outcomes. This work deftly explains the tremendous AFSO technique, which achieves the precise ideal values of the weights in the model to crown the mathematical modeling technique. This has been proved by the minimum, maximum, and sample median, and the first and third quartiles were used as the basis for a boxplot through the standardized method of showing the dataset. It graphically displays the quantitative value distribution of a field. The correlation matrix and confidence interval were represented graphically using the corrupt method.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2023

In this study, the aim was to assess the shielding performance of different 3D printing materials, specifically those produced using FDM, SLA, and CJP methods, with a focus on their application as shielding devices in clinical settings. Additionally, the weight of lead shielding materials can evoke reluctance in pediatric patients undergoing X-ray imaging. A total of 12 materials were printed using their respective 3D printers. These materials were then subjected to X-ray testing using diagnostic X-ray equipment and an exposure meter. The goal was to evaluate their shielding capabilities in comparison to 1 mm lead. The results of this evaluation revealed that VisiJet PXL-Pastel, produced using the CJP method, exhibited the highest shielding performance. Therefore, VisiJet PXL-Pastel by CJP method was selected for the creation of a shielding device designed for pediatric reproductive organs. Subsequent tests demonstrated that both the newly created shielding device and conventional lead shielding equipment achieved the same maximum shielding rate at 50 kVp. Specifically, the shielding rate for the 3D printed device was measured at 84.53%, while the conventional lead shielding equipment, categorized as Apron1 (85.74%), Apron2 (99.98%), and Apron3 (99.04%), demonstrated similar performance. In conclusion, the CJP-produced VisiJet PXL-Pastel material showcased excellent radiation shielding capabilities, allowing for anatomical observations of the target organs and their surrounding structures in X-ray images. Furthermore, its lower weight in comparison to traditional lead shielding materials makes it a clinically practical and useful choice, particularly for pediatric applications.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2024

In this study, the SBC system, a new mechanical joint method, was developed to improve the constructability of precast concrete (PC) beam-column connections. The reliability of the finite element analysis model was verified through the comparison of experimental results and FEM analysis results. Recently, the intermediate moment frame, a seismic force resistance system, has served as a ramen structure that resists seismic force through beams and columns and has few load-bearing walls, so it is increasingly being applied to PC warehouses and PC factories with high loads and long spans. However, looking at the existing PC beam-column anchorage details, the wire, strand, and lower main bar are overlapped with the anchorage rebar at the end, so they do not satisfy the joint and anchorage requirements for reinforcing bars (KDS 41 17 00 9.3). Therefore, a mechanical joint method (SBC) was developed to meet the relevant standards and improve constructability. Tensile and bending experiments were conducted to examine structural performance, and a finite element analysis model was created. The load-displacement curve and failure pattern confirmed that both the experimental and analysis results were similar, and it was verified that a reliable finite element analysis model was built. In addition, bending tests showed that the larger the thickness of the bolt joint surface of the SBC, the better its structural performance. It was also determined that the system could improve energy dissipation ability and ductility through buckling and yielding occurring in the SBC.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.129-144
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• 2019

본 연구는 목질보드류 및 가구 생산 현장에서 주로 품질 관리를 위해 사용되는 데시케이터 방법을 개선 및 보완함으로써 측정 및 포집 시간을 단축하는 가속 포집 공정을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 먼저 등급별 목질 보드류에 대해 데시케이터 방법에 의한 포름알데히드를 측정하였다. 이어 개발된 공정을 가지고 데시케이터 방법과 비교하였을 때 최적 온도와 시간, 노출면적 등을 선정하여 시험한 후 그 상관성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 온도는 $100^{\circ}C$, 시간은 1시간, 시편은 2개일 때 데시케이터 방법과 비교적 유사한 결과값을 나타내었으며 그 상관성도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 개발된 시험 공정을 검증하기 위해서 설정된 표준화된 온도 및 시간, 시편의 매수를 가지고 Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL)에 의뢰되어 실제 시험에 쓰이지 않았던 시료를 가지고 비교하였다. 그 결과 데시케이터 방법과의 상관성은 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 가속 포집 공정에서의 포름알데히드 방출량 결과값은 데시케이터 방법보다 대부분 높게 나타났다. 몇 개 시료의 포름알데히드 방출 등급은 한단계 더 높게 나타나는 경우도 있었다. 하지만 품질관리의 관점에서는 본 연구에서 설계된 가속 포집 공정 방법에 의해 충분히 적용될 수 있다고 판단되었다.