• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.334-340
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic components of daily milk yield and to re-rank bulls in South Korea by estimated breeding value (EBV) under heat stress using the temperature-humidity index (THI). Methods: This study was conducted using 125,312 monthly test-day records, collected from January 2000 to February 2017 for 19,889 Holstein cows from 647 farms in South Korea. Milk production data were collected from two agencies, the Dairy Cattle Genetic Improvement Center and the Korea Animal Improvement Association, and meteorological data were obtained from 41 regional weather stations using the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) installed throughout South Korea. A random regression model using the THI was applied to estimate genetic parameters of heat tolerance based on the test-day records. The model included herd-year-season, calving age, and days-in-milk as fixed effects, as well as heat tolerance as an additive genetic effect, permanent environmental effect, and direct additive and permanent environmental effect. Results: Below the THI threshold (${\leq}72$; no heat stress), the variance in heat tolerance was zero. However, the heat tolerance variance began to increase as THI exceeded the threshold. The covariance between the genetic additive effect and the heat tolerance effect was -0.33. Heritability estimates of milk yield ranged from 0.111 to 0.176 (average: 0.128). Heritability decreased slightly as THI increased, and began to increase at a THI of 79. The predicted bull EBV ranking varied with THI. Conclusion: We conclude that genetic evaluation using the THI function could be useful for selecting bulls for heat tolerance in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.517-532
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop a critical pathway for case management of patients who have received Lumbar Laminectomy because of low back pain, arm and leg numbness, and radiating pain in the leg. For this study, a preliminary critical pathway was developed through a review of the literature including five critical pathways which are currently being used in the USA. In order to identify the overall service contents required by these patients, 30 cases were analyzed. These cases were taken from medical records of those with Lumbar Laminectomy between January, 1998 and December, 1998 in the department of neurosurgery at the Pusan National University Hospital in Pusan. An expert validity test was done for the preliminary critical pathway, a clinical validity test was also done using 12 patients with Lumbar Laminectomy between October 1, 1999 and January 31, 2000. After these processes, the final critical pathway was developed. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The vertical axis of the critical pathway includes the following eight items: assessment, consultation, diet, test, medication, treatment, activity, education/ discharge planning. The horizontal axis includes the time from the start of hospitalization to discharge. Analysis of the 30 medical records was done. analysis of the service contents showed the horizontal axis of the preliminary critical pathway was set from hospitalization to the 12th post operation day and the vertical axis was set to include eight items, the contents which should have occurred, according to the time frames of the horizontal axis. 2. As a result of the expert validity test, it was found that among the 233 items, 203 showed over 88% agreement and 30 of them showed less than 88% agreement, which were then revised or deleted from the critical pathway. At the preliminary meeting for the clinical validity test, the time of hospitalization on the horizontal axis was shortened to the 10th post operation day. A clinical validity test was done with 12 patients with Lumbar Laminectomy. All the cases progressed according to the critical pathway although some variances were noted in assessment, consultation, test, medication, and treatment. 3. Based on these results, a final critical pathway was determined. In conclusion, this critical pathway is partially applicable to the care of patients with Lumbar Laminectomy and needs further investigation.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34-51
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• 2002

Background : The purpose for this study is to develop a critical pathway of bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax patients. Methods : For this study a conceptual framework of critical pathway was developed through a review of the literature including five critical pathways which are currently being used in USA, and opinions of the critical pathway development team members at Y university hospital. In order to identify the service contents required by these patients and to draw up a preliminary critical pathway, 33 cases of medical records of patients who had received bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax between September, 2000 to August, 2001 at the Respiratory Center of Y university hospital in Seoul was analyzed. Results : In order to test the clinical validity of the preliminary critical pathway, it was applied to ten patients who had received bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax from October, 2001 to December, 2001. The average discharge day was 4.89th post operation day, six patients discharged on the fourth post operation day which was the expected day, one patients discharged one day earlier than the expected day, one patient discharged three days later than the expected day, and one patient discharged six days later than the expected day. There were variances between the critical pathway and the actual practice. The variances came from tests, medications, and treatments. One item that showed variance in clinical applications was complemented, and three items were decided not to be corrected for the final determination of the critical pathway. Conclusion : This critical pathway is applicable to the care of patients with bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax, but it needs more clinical applications to grasp varied variances.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1209-1216
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• 2005

This study aimed to use field data collected by the Hokkaido Dairy Cattle Milk Recording and Testing programs to estimate genetic parameters for concentration of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and predicted Digestive Crude Protein Percentage of requirement (DCPun). Edited data consisted of 5,797,500 test-day records of MUN and yields of milk, fat, and protein obtained from 783,271cows in Holstein herds in Hokkaido, Japan. Data were divided into four datasets; for the first, second, third and fourth lactations. Two analyses were performed on data from each lactation. First, ANOVA was used to estimate the significance of the effects of several environmental factors on MUN and DCPun, after absorbing the Herd-Test-Day (HTD) effects. The effects of DIM and age.season effects had significant impact on MUN and DCPun. The second used a multi-traits repeatability model (MTRM) to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations of milk with MUN and DCPun. Heritability estimates for MUN and DCPun in the first, second, and third lactations were 0.21:0.16, 0.20:0.16, and 0.20:0.18, respectively. Genetic correlations for milk with MUN and DCPun in the first, second, and third lactations were 0.02 - 0.17, and -0.25 - -0.39, respectively. The results indicate that MUN and DCPun are possibly effective tools for improving the energy balance, but that the relationships between MUN and other economically important traits such as feed efficiency, metabolic disease and fertility are still necessary.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.5.1-5.9
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• 2016

Background: The milk yield can be affected by the frequency of milking per day, in dairy cows. Previous studies have shown that the milk yield is increased by 6.25 % per lactation when the milking frequency is increased from 2 to 3 times per day while the somatic cell count is decreased. To investigate the effect of milking frequency (3X vs. 4X) on milk yield and it's genetic parameters in the first and second lactations of the Iranian Holstein dairy cows, a total of 142,604 test day (TD) records of milk yield were measured on 20,762 cows. Results: Heritability estimates of milk yield were 0.25 and 0.19 for 3X milking frequency and 0.34 and 0.26 for 4X milking frequency throughout the first and second lactations, respectively. Repeatability estimates of milk yield were 0.70 and 0.71 for 3X milking frequency and 0.76 and 0.77 for 4X milking frequency, respectively. In comparison with 3X milking frequency, the milk yield of the first and second lactations was increased by 11.6 and 12.2 %, respectively when 4X was used (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Results of this research demonstrated that increasing milking frequency led to an increase in heritability and repeatability of milk yield. The current investigation provided clear evidences for the benefits of using 4X milking frequency instead of 3X in Iranian Holstein dairy cows.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.144-155
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• 1994

This research is designed to assess current achievement levels for mechanized excavation systems in Korea adn suggest the model predictive of TBM performance using statistical approaches. A test section in the TBM construction sites is selected to measure and analyze TBM performance. The field records including operating data, time allocation into downtime catagories, and machine design are analyzed on a shift basis. There are a total of 240 shifts, with most days operating two shifts per day. Examples of the probability density functions produced from the test section are presented and discussed. Relationships between TBM penetration rate and rock physical properties are investigated and the empirical equations for TBM performance prediction are also assessed with the field data.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2008

Background : The purpose of inner cannula is to protect the upper air way and permit air to pass freely, in addition, to provide endotracheal suction, artificial respiration and to maintain adequate oxygen saturation. The tube needs to be sterilized for maintenance and cleanness of air way and for prevention of bronchospasm. However, it has been reported that there is no guideline for sterilization and many hospitals conduct their own sterilization methods, for example, once a day(13's general hospital), three times a day(The Catholic University of Korea ST Mary's hospital) or even no cleansing. Consequently, the QI team of our hospital suggested the SOP(standard operating procedure) of sterilization and evaluate cost and time effect in nursing. Method : 1) Benchmarking of 13's neurosurgery department of general hospital in Seoul 2) Investigation of test records of sputum culture from patients with intubation for tracheotomy 3) Check of results of O2 Sat. monitoring to confirm of maintaining opened air way Result : 1) Improvement of process: decrease of excess sterilization of inner cannula (from 3 times a day to once a day) 2) Cost effects: saving over 10 million won per one year 3) Providing better nursing: time effects (30 min a day) permit to conduct more nursing activities Conclusion : It can get Cost and time effects in nursing with improved sterilization method of inner cannula. It needs to do research on improvement of the monthly exchange protocol of outer cannula and provide supporting data for the proper exchange schedule. The result of additional microorganism detection from patients with new process needs to be evaluated further more.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.348-357
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• 2012

Purpose: This retrospective chart review study was carried out in order to examine the frequency of delirium, and to identify the risk factors associated with the development of delirium in elderly patients with arthroplasty. Methods: Data were collected from medical records of patients who received arthroplasty during one and half year in a hospital. Three hundred sixty five patients were selected for the study. The onset of delirium was reviewed based on the result of psychological doctor's consultation or nurse's assessment with Confusion Assessment Method and delirium onset risk factors were examined. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, $x_2$-test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Delirium occurred with 31 patients (8.5%) out of 365 patients who underwent arthroplasty. There were statistically significant differences between incidence of delirium and gender ($x_2$=6.11, p=.025), age ($x_2$=32.81, p<.001), hearing difficulty ($x_2$=8.08, p=.012), albumin level of preoperational day (t=-3.43, p<.001), albumin (t=-2.20, p=.028) and hemoglobin level (t=-2.83, p=.005) of operational day. Age and gender were the most significant predictive factors with regard to the incidence of delirium. Conclusion: Through understanding of these results, nurses will be able to identify those patients who may be at risk for developing delirium in early stages.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2004

Cardiovascular disease has the highest mortality rate in South Korea. Previous studies have reported that serum cholesterol level relates to intake of dietary fat and cholesterol. Therefore, in this study we developed a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Koreans with a high-risk of hypercholesterolemia and to validate the FFQ. Semiquantitative FFQ, which includes 160 food items, reflects intakes of energy, fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUPA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUPA) and cholesterol. We chose food items from the previous study of our research group (Suh 1999) which reported a nutritional status of Korean adults with normocholesterolemia, borderline and hypercholesterolemia. To validate the FFQ, we compared the results of the FFQ with those of a 3-day food record using a paired t-test. In addition, we calculated Pearson's and Spearmen's correlation coefficients. Intakes assessed by the FFQ and a 3-day food record were classified into quartile and the degree of agreement was obtained. Fifty-five participants responded for the validation study by completing both the FFQ and a 3-day food record. Pearson's correlation coefficients between estimated intakes by respective methods for energy, fat, SF A, MUPA, PUPA and cholesterol were 0.32,0.41,0.37,0.41,0.37 and 0.21, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficients of energy, fat, SF A, MUPA, PUPA, cholesterol were 0.31, 0.44, 0.39, 0.46, 0.46, and 0.37, respectively. Nutrient densities in 1000kcal were compared. Pearson's correlation coefficient of cholesterol density increased and other values were similar with original values. The average degree of agreement was 67％ that intakes of energy, fat, SF A, MUPA, PUPA and cholesterol assessed by the FFQ and 3-day food records were classified within the same and the adjacent quartile. On the average, 8％ were misclassified into the extreme opposite quartile. The average of weighted kappa was 0.46. In conclusion, the FFQ developed in this study is considered to be a reliable tool to assess nutrient intakes for Koreans with a risk of hypercholesterolemia because the FFQ reflects the intakes of energy, fat, SFA, MUFA, PUPA, and cholesterol.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

The objectives of the research were to modify and validate a daily water balance model, DIROM, for irrigation reservoirs using field data, and to estimate daily water supply from the reservoirs in the Han river basin. Modified DIROM was applied to three test sites, and validated with field data. The relative errors between the simulated and observed water supply were less than 10 percent. Historical records on daily or ten-day’s storage for 110 reservoirs from the twenty Farmland Improvement Associations, FIA were collected and used to estimate the daily water supply during 1993 to 1997. The results were applied to the other 723 reservoirs that are not owned by FIA. The five-year averaged annual water supply from the reservoirs was estimated to be 180 million ㎥/yr. Maximum yearly water supply was recorded to be 190 million ㎥/yr in 1996.