• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1999년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.333-344
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• 1999

Currently many studies on the unmanned gantry crane for the automated container terminal are accomplished. This is needed for the development of large scale, automation, high speed, unmanned system and information system in port facility. In order to do efficient container handling job in port yard, the automated handling system is well adapted to the job environments and all-season weather, In order to realize the automatic and unmanned system for container handling job, the required functions and main structure system are studied. The major problems of operation of the conventional gantry crane are that the vibration of gantry structure body is occurred by operation and that high-speed and precision position-velocity control and the capability to dope to the external disturbances caused by the wind, rain, fog and job environments. In this paper, the fundamental study for establishment of the concept and the dynamic modelling of the major sub system of the unmanned gantry crane is presented. These studies are useful for design and manufacturing of the new concept model of the unmanned gantry crane for efficient operation of the automated container terminal.

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.42.3-42.3
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• 2020

We investigate the observational properties of Wolf-Rayet stars, suggest the constraint of their mass-loss rate and apply our results to the observed progenitor candidates of Type Ib/Ic supernovae (iPTF13bvn and SN 2017ein). For this purpose, we adopt the WR star models with various mass-loss rates and wind terminal velocities. We obtain the high resolution spectra of those models at the pre-supernova phase using the radiative transfer code CMFGEN. We verify the optically faint property of SN Ic progenitors and show that the optical faintness is mainly originated by the high effective temperature at the photosphere. We also show that a simple analytic model for WR winds using a constant opacity can roughly predict the photospheric parameters. We show that the change of the mass-loss rate and the terminal wind velocity critically affects the optical luminosity. We find the optical luminosities of SN Ic progenitor models with our fiducial mass-loss rate prescription are fainter than the detection limits. We also suggest the mass-loss rate of WR stars may not exceed 2 times of our fiducial value by comparing our predictions with the detection limit of SN Ib/Ic progenitors. The directly observed progenitor candidate of iPTF13bvn can be explained by our SN Ib progenitor models. We find that the SN 2017ein progenitor candidate is too bright and too blue to be a SN Ic progenitor.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2017

본 연구는 초기 손목터널증후군으로 진단된 환자의 정중신경(median nerve)과 자신경(ulnar never)의 및 F파를 대조군과 비교 분석하여 초기 손목터널증후군의 진단에서 F파가 유용한 지표가 될 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 신경전도검사 결과의 주요 지표인 말단잠복기, 말단진폭, 손바닥-손목 구간의 감각신경전도속도 및 F파 잠복기를 대조군과 t-test 검정으로 비교분석하고, 또한 주요 지표간의 상관성 분석을 위하여 상관분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 대조군과 초기 손목터널증후군 환자의 정중신경 말단잠복기 비교에서 두 군 간에 유의성이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 정중신경의 감각신경전도속도 비교에서는 대조군과 손목터널증후군 간의 유의성이 높은 것으로 관찰되었다(p<0.001). 후기반응검사인 F파 잠복기 분석에서 정중신경의 경우 대조군과 손목터널증후군간 높은 유의성(p<0.001)을 보였으나, 자신경의 경우는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 상관분석 결과는 감각신경전도속도와 말단잠복기, F파와 말단잠복기에서 모두 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로, F파는 말단잠복기, 감각신경전도속도와 같이 손목터널증후군의 진단에 있어 유용한 지표가 될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2014

In this paper, effects of physical configurations and operating conditions on bubble column performance were analyzed in terms of bubble hydrodynamic and mass transfer parameters. Bubble column with 3 different dimensions and 7 gas diffusers (single / multiple orifice and rigid / flexible orifice) were applied. High speed camera and image analysis program were used for analyzing the bubble hydrodynamic parameters. The local liquid-side mass transfer coefficient ($k_L$) was estimated from the volumetric mass transfer coefficient ($k_La$) and the interfacial area (a), which was deduced from the bubble diameter ($D_B$) and the terminal bubble rising velocity ($U_B$). The result showed that the values of kLa and a increased with the superficial gas velocity (Vg) and the size of bubble column. Influences of gas diffuser physical property (orifice size, thickness and orifice number) can be proven on the generated bubble size and the mass transfer performance in bubble column. Concerning the variation of $k_L$ coefficients with bubble size, 3 zones (Zone A, B and C) can be observed. For Zone A and Zone C, a good agreement between the experimental and the predicted $K_L$ coefficients was obtained (average difference of ${\pm}15%$), whereas the inaccuracy result (of ${\pm}40%$) was found in Zone B. To enhance the high $k_La$ coefficient and absorption efficiency in bubble column, it was unnecessary to generate numerous fine bubbles at high superficial gas velocity since it causes high power consumption with the great decrease of $k_L$ coefficients.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.83-98
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• 2007

이동 무선 환경에서 핸드오버 특히, 이종 망이 중첩된 네트워크 환경에서의 핸드오버는 서로 다른 서비스 특성과 서비스 영역의 영향을 받는다. 핸드오버로 인한 서비스 단절 현상과 서비스 품질 저하를 방지하기 위해서는 서비스 요구 사항(bandwidth, throughput, delay 등)을 지속적으로 유지시킬 수 있는 자원 예약 알고리즘은 필수적인 요소이다. 자원 예약은 이동 단말의 핸드오버 처리 시간과 자원 낭비를 최소화시키기 위해 사전에 미리 진행되어야 하는데, 이는 단말의 위치 정보, 이동 속도 이동 경로, 서비스 요구 사항, 주변 셀 정보 등이 개개의 단말과 서비스에 대한 정확한 예측과 높은 신뢰도를 바탕으로 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 단말 이동에 따른 셀 변경 확률 및 셀 선정 알고리즘을 기반으로 이동 속도별 서비스 계층을 두어 특정 속도에 대해 핸드오버를 효과적으로 처리하고, 네트워크 오버헤드 및 자원 낭비를 최소화시킬 수 있는 사전 자원 예약 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한 3개 계층으로 구성된 네트워크 모델 상에서 가상 시나리오에 따라 PMS(Predictive Mobility Support) 및 VCDS(Velocity and Call Duration Support scheme)와의 성능 비교를 통해 제안 알고리즘의 효율성을 살펴본다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.955-967
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• 2022

기존의 입자추적모델에서 입자의 연직방향 변위 예측은 정지 수체에서의 최종침강속도를 바탕으로 계산되었다. 그러나 난류 수체에서의 침강속도에 관한 선행 연구들은 난류가 입자의 침강속도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 난류에 따른 침강속도의 변화 특성을 규명하고자 개수로 흐름에서 입자의 침강 실험을 수행하였다. 입자의 침강속도와 난류 특성은 각각 PTV, PIV 기법을 통해 측정하였고, 측정된 침강속도 증가율과 입자 및 난류 특성에 따른 난류 수체에서의 침강속도의 변화 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 입자 직경이 Kolmogorov 길이 스케일의 1~2배가 될 때, 침강속도 증가율이 커지기 시작하였다. 본 실험 결과를 선행 연구들과 비교하였을 때, Stokes 수와 침강속도 증가율의 그래프가 입자의 밀도에 따라 각각 최댓값을 보이는 곡선 형태를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 입자의 침강속도는 개수로 흐름에서 정지 수체에서보다 빠르기 때문에, 기존의 정지 수체에서의 침강속도를 이용한 입자추적모델은 연직방향으로 바닥에 도달하는 시간을 과대산정하게 될 수 있다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구의 결과는 입자추적모델의 성능 개선에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.299-314
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• 2015

Submersed rock-berm structures are frequently used for protection of underwater lifelines such as pipelines and power cables. During the service life, the rock-berm structure can experience several accidental loads such as anchor collision. The consequences can be severe with a certain level of frequency; hence, the structural responses should be carefully understood for implementing a proper structural health monitoring method. However, no study has been made to quantify the structural responses because it is hard to deal with the individual behavior of each rock. Therefore, this study presents a collision analysis of the submersed rock-berm structure using a finite element software package by facilitating the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The analysis results were compared with those obtained from the Lagrange method. Moreover, two types of anchors (stock anchor and stockless anchor), three collision points and two different drop velocities (terminal velocity of each anchor and 5 m/s) were selected to investigate the changes in the responses. Finally, the effect of these parameters (analysis method, anchor type, collision point and drop velocity) on the analysis results was studied. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the SPH method is verified, a safe rock-berm height (over 1 m) is proposed, and a gauge point (0.5 m above the seabed) is suggested for a structural health monitoring implementation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2018

The preparation of repeatable and uniformly reconstituted soil specimens up to the specified conditions is an essential requirement for the laboratory tests. In this study for large samples replication, the simultaneous usage of the traveling pluviation and curtain raining technique is used to develop a new method, called the curtain travelling pluviator (CTP). This simple and cost effective system is based on the air pluviation approach, whilst reducing the sample production time, can reproduce uniform samples with relative densities ranging from 25% to 96%. In order to investigate the resulting suitability and uniformity from the proposed method, a series of tests is performed. The effect of curtain traveling velocity, curtain width, drop height, and flow rate on the parameters of the sample is thoroughly investigated. Increase in the curtain velocity and drop height leads to the increase in relative density for the sand specimen. Increase in curtain width typically resulted in the reduction of relative density. Test results reveal that the terminal drop height for the sand specimen in this study is more than 500 mm. Relative density contour lines are presented that can be utilized in optimizing the drop height and curtain width parameters. Sample uniformity in the vertical and horizontal orientation is investigated through the sampling containers. Increasing relative density tends to result in the higher sample repeatability and uniformity.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.91-113
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• 2020

This paper analyzes the terminal descent phase of a space lander on a surface of a celestial body. A multibody approach is adopted to build the physical model of the lander and the surface. In this work, a legged landing gear system is considered. Opportune modelling of the landing gear crashbox is implemented in order to accurately predict the kinetic energy. To ensure the stability of the lander while impacting the ground and to reduce the contact forces that arise in this maneuver, the multibody model makes use of a co-simulation with a dedicated control system. Two types of control systems are considered; one with only position variables and the other with position and velocity variables. The results demonstrate the good reliability of modern multibody technology to incorporate control algorithms to carry out stability analysis of ground impact of space landers. Moreover, from a comparison between the two control systems adopted, it is shown how the velocity control leads to lower contact forces and fuel consumption.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.515-519
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• 2004

A Propeller-Anemometer is an instrument used specifically, to measure the wind speed. The accurate measurement of the wind speed is vitally important such required by any weather stations. In this research, the measurand of the instrumentation was the rotational speed of the propeller and the instrumentation result or output data was wind velocity. The speed measured was recorded digitally in the computer by using specific software. A specific sensor used to measure a variable by converting information of the variable (rotational speed of the propeller) into a dependent signal such as electrical signal in form of voltage. The development of Propeller-Anemometer involved few sets of instrumentation process and equipment. It included three major parts, mechanical, electronics and computer. The main instrumentation processes were physical and signal interfacing, signal conditioning, logic interfacing, data transmission to computer and processing the data. Generally, this paper presents the overall concept and design of Propeller-Anemometer Instrumentation. However, an emphasis was mainly in designing and building the interfacing system, hardware and software. Basically, for the first phase of the development, this project designed and built the RS232 terminal using Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC), PIC16F873. The hardware can be interfaced to computer or other compatible devices. This routine converted input voltage from the circuit to speed (velocity) and transmitted them afterwards to the target device by using the RS232 transmission protocol. This implementation implied a computer display as visual interface. For the purpose of this paper, RS232 data transmission was carried out using a Microsoft Visual Basic software routine.