• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2005

The determination of peripheral nerve conduction velocity is an important part to electrodiagnosis. Its value as neurophysiologic investigative procedure has been known for many years but normal value of median and ulnar motor nerve was poorly reported in Korea. To evaluate of median and ulnar motor nerve terminal latency, amplitude of CMAP(compound muscle action potential), conduction velocity and F-wave latency for obtain clinically useful reference value. 71 normal volunteers(age, 19-65 years; 142 hands) examined who has no history of peripheral neuropathy, diabetic mellitus, chronic renal failure, endocrine disorders, anti-cancer medicine, anti-tubercle medicine, alcoholism, trauma, radiculopathy. Nicolet Viking II was use for detected terminal latency, amplitude of CMAP, conduction velocity and F-wave latency of median and ulnar motor nerve. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis was used for obtain mean and standard deviation, independent t-test was used to compare between Rt and Lt side also compare between different in genders. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Median motor nerve terminal latency was right 3.00ms, left 2.99ms and there was no significantly differences between right and left side and genders. 2. Median motor nerve amplitude of CMAP was right 17.26mV, left 1750mV and there was no significantly differences between right and left side and genders. 3. Median motor nerve conduction velocity was right 57.89m/sec, left 58.03m/sec and there was no significantly differences between right and left side and genders. 4. Median motor nerve F-wave latency was right 25.74ms, left 25.59ms and there was significantly differences between genders. 5. Ulnar motor nerve terminal latency was right 2.38ms, left 2.45ms and there was significantly differences between right and left side. 6. Ulnar motor nerve amplitude of CMAP was right 15.99mV, left 16.02mV and there was no significantly differences between right and left side and genders. 7. Ulnar motor nerve conduction velocity was right 60.35m/sec, left 59.73m/sec and there was no significantly differences between right and left side and genders. 8. Ulnar motor nerve F-wave latency was right 25.53ms, left 25.57ms and there was significantly differences between genders.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.8S
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• pp.2608-2619
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• 2000

This paper proposes the Handover Scheme for the mobile and describes the result of the performance analysis. In the conventional scheme of handover request, the withdrawal of terminal may occur because handover request is performed based on fixed signal level without considering network load and terminal mobility. The proposed scheme offers the minimization of withdrawal and handover blocking probability by means of the handover request of terminal based on the network load and terminal mobility. Conventional handover scheme has the sequential procedure that network performs resource check and path rerouting on the handover by MT(Mobile Terminal). Proposed handover scheme pre-processes the resource check before the handover request by predicting the handover request timo so that handover latency can be reduced. Moreover, path optimization is executed after the completion of handover in order to reduce handover latency. The rdduction of handover latency prevents the dropping of service by minimizing backward handover blocking. In summary, we propose the prediction of handover request time and decision method based on terminal, validating the performance of proposed scheme considering various cases of simulation.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2001

Background : Carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy that refers to a group of signs and symptoms resulting from compression of the median nerve at the wrist. The course of CTS in older patients is different from the younger patients. This difference may be the result of different underlying mechanisms. The different nerve conduction studies of CTS may signify different approaches in management. This study was done to assess the differences in nerve conduction study of CTS in younger and older patients. Methods : This study involved 224 patients who visited Gachon Medical School, Gil Medical Center and was diagnosed by nerve conduction study from October 1997 to October 1999. We compared the results of nerve conduction study to age, especially in between those under 60 years and those 60 years or over CTS patients. Nerve conduction study consists of motor studies of both median nerves(terminal latency, compound action potential) and sensory studies(nerve conduction velocity, nerve action potential). And we also evaluated the variables between younger and older patients group. Those variables include sex, symptom period, laterality, abnormal physical findings and radiculopathy. Results : We found that a significant increase of terminal latency(p<0.1), but a decrease in compound motor action potential(p<0.05) in older patient's group. There was no significant differences in sensory nerve conduction velocity and action potential between those under 60 years and those 60 years or even patients. And also there was no significant difference in sex, symptom period, laterality, abnormal physical findings, radiculopathy between older and younger patients. Conclusions : This study showed a significant increase in the terminal latency and a decrease in compound action potential in older patients. The different nerve conduction studies of CTS by age effect may need different approaches in management.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.6 s.102
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• pp.799-808
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• 2005

This paper proposes low latency handover procedure for seamless connectivity and QoS support between wired (e.g. Ethernet) and wireless (e.g. WLAN, WiBro(802.16-compatible), CDMA) networks by the mobile-assisted and server-initiated handover strategy. It is assumed that the server decides the best target network considering network status and user preferences. In this algorithm a mobile terminal associates with the wireless link decided at the server In advance and receives CoA as well. When handover occurs without the prediction in wired networks, the server performs fast binding update using physical handover trigger through the MIH(media independent handover) function. As a result, a mobile terminal does not need to perform L2 and L3 handover during handover so that this procedure decreases handover latency and loss.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.45-52
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• 2005

This paper proposes low latency handover procedure for seamless connectivity and QoS support between wired (e.g. Ethernet) and wireless (e.g. WLAN, WiBro(802.16-compatible), CDMA) networks by the mobile-assisted and server-initiated handover strategy. It is assumed that the server decides the best target network considering network status and user preferences. In this procedure, a mobile terminal associates with the wireless link decided at the server in advance and receives CoA as well. When handover occurs without the prediction in wired networks, the server performs fast binding update using physical handover trigger through the MIH (media independent handover) function. As a result, a mobile terminal does not need to perform L2 and L3 handover during handover so that this procedure decreases handover latency and loss.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.79-87
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• 2010

This paper proposes a L3 handover method to minimize packet loss for supporting service continuity to IMS Terminal which has a single WLAN interface. The existing IMS based handover solution is able to support handover between different access networks in case that a terminal has multiple interfaces. That is, WLAN terminals need multiple interfaces to connect with one or more access networks. This proposed method configures IP address for the terminal in target WLAN previously by using Candidate Access Router Discovery(CARD) mechanism. Also, in the proposed method, service continuity server performs L3 connection establishment in target WLAN and registration to IMS server instead of the terminal. And then session control mechanism based on SIP is performed to support service continuity. We analyzed handover latency and signaling cost in the proposed method and existing method to show the improved performance by the proposed method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

The IEEE 802.11 DCF channel access function allows single transmission inside two-hop network in order to avoid collisions and eliminate the hidden and exposed terminal problems. Singular transmission capability causes data frames waiting for the entire roundtrip time in the transmitter neighborhood, and results in increased frame latency and lower network throughput. Real-time and pervasive applications are severely affected for the lower medium utilization; especially with high network traffic. This work proposes a new scheme with the help of Frame Aggregation technique in IEEE802.11n and overcomes the single transmission barrier maintaining the basic DCF functionality. Proposed scheme allows parallel transmissions in non-interfering synchronized slots. Parallel transmissions bypass the conventional physical carrier sense and random Backoff time for several cases and reduce the frame latency and increase the medium utilization and network capacity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.10B
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• pp.1175-1181
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• 2011

For vertical handover, the part for the homogeneous handover needs to be modified, which allows users to utilize the various wireless access schemes with a mobile terminal with PFMIPv6. In this paper, we considered a cross-layer design for fast vertical handover between MIH and PFMIPv6, where two MIH-layer messages are suggested to reduce handover latency and integrate between MIH and PFMIPv6 efficiently. The proposed scheme is evaluated with handover latency. The results show that the proposed handover procedure reduces handover latency compared with the existing one.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.290-298
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• 2017

This study compared the median nerve, ulnar never, and F waves of patients diagnosed with early Carpal Tunnel Syndrome to a control group to determine whether F waves could be a useful indicator in the diagnosis of early CTS. The terminal motor latency (TML), terminal motor amplitude and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of the section from the palms to the wrists, which are the key indicators to use in a nerve conduction study, and F waves were compared with the control group using the t-test. A correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the main indicators. The comparison between the median nerve's TML of the early CTS patients and that of the control group shows that there are 2 sections which have high significance (p<0.001). In the comparison of the SNCV of the median nerve between the control group and early CTS patients, high significance was observed (p<0.001). In the analysis of the F waves, there was high significance (p<0.001) between the control group and early CTS patients for the median nerve, but not for the ulnar nerve. The correlation analysis revealed that both the SNCV-TML and F wave-TML had significance. These results suggested that, along with TML and SNCV, F waves can be a useful indicator to diagnose CTS.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.48-55
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• 2015

This paper studies how to solve a problem caused by M2M terminals sending a few data based on $3^{rd}$ Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) Long Term Evolution-Advanced(LTE-A) system and then it is analyzed, proposed, and introduced into the techniques. Especially, it is introduced solution for the lack of Random Access Channel and an increasing number of latency caused by countless M2M devices. It is proposed the technology for M2M grouping as well as allowable access probability according to user type. As it decreases the number of terminal by grouping M2M devices to try random access at PRACH, it can be reduced collision between Cellular users and M2M devices. So, it is proved that the proposed mechanism can solve the increasing average latency of random access on system coexisting Cellular users and M2M devices through simulations.