• Spatial Information Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2000

According to Oriental perspective on Universe, all systems become complete when three elements namely time, space, and human are all present. The only computer technology which can integrate these three elements is GIS. The current GIS database and system architecture, however, mainly concentrate on managing and analyzing spatial data without considering temporal and human elements. Despite the limitations, it is certain that GIS technology will develop into a unity within which the three elements of time, space and human are integrated. On the other hand, with the rapid acceptance of Internet technology, a new small universe that can be called "cyber world" is emerging. However, the current small univers created by internet is only a half-universe which does not include the concept of space. The creation of "cyber nation" which truly reflects our living environment in computer and information communication networks can only be achievedthrough the integration of GIS and Internet. Currently, many countries are heavily investing in GIS. Based on the magnitude of investments, we can expect that the concept of "cyber nation" will further develop into "cyber world" where the search for information on any part of global village is possible with the simple use of mobile phone regardless of time or location. If so, it might be possible to create a "Digitopia", a digital utopia in cyber space. A new world is opening by the integration of GIS and Internet.is opening by the integration of GIS and Internet.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.147-168
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• 2011

As personalized recommendation of products and services is rapidly growing in importance, a number of studies provided fundamental knowledge and techniques for developing recommendation systems. Among them, the CF technique has been most widely used and has proven to be useful in many practices. However, current collaborative filtering (CF) technique has still considerable rooms for improving the effectiveness of recommendation systems: 1) a similarity function most systems use to find so-called like-minded people is not well defined in that similarity is computed from a single perspective of similarity concept; and 2) temporal information that contains the changing preference of customers needs to be taken into account when making recommendations. We hypothesize that integration of multiple aspects of similarity and utilization of temporal information will improve the accuracy of recommendations. The objective of this paper is to test the hypothesis through a series of experiments using MovieLens data. The experimental results show that the proposed recommendation system highly outperforms the conventional CF-based systems, confirming our hypothesis.

• Architectural research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

Designing environments for the elderly includes studying changes in the elderly themselves, changes in their environment, and changes in the intercommunication between the elderly and their environment. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines for a ubiquitous environment in which seniors can "age in place," using an environment-behavioral approach. 305 subjects aged 45 to 78 take part in the survey research. Temporal sequence (age groups) and behavior (daily activities) are considered as the significant variables to design digital services for the elderly in the perspective of an environment-behavioral approach. Several conclusions can be made. (1) The characteristics of subjects in the over-65 age group shows that they manage an independent lifestyle even if they realize some body functions deteriorate as they age. (2) Over-65 age group is more engaged in healthcare and pastime activities. The male subjects of it are most inactive. (3) The IDA (importance of daily activities) and FDA (frequency of daily activities) are classified by five to six factors in each group. The IDA and FDA of the group aged over 65 differ from other age groups. (4) Five affordance dimensions of digital services for the elderly are proposed: Healthcare, Domesticity, Mobility & Security, Network, and Recreation & Pastime. These affordance dimensions will help research groups or companies design ubiquitous environments to enhance the quality of life of seniors.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.555-558
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• 2006

In recent years, urban development has expanded rapidly in Nawabshah City of Pakistan. A major effect associated with this population trend is transformation of the landscape from natural cover types to increasingly impervious urban land. The core objective of this study are to provide time-series information to define and measure the urban land cover changes of Nawabshah, Pakistan between the years 1992 and 2002, and to examine related urbanization impacts on air quality of the study area. Two multi-temporal Landsat images acquired in 1992 and 2002 together with standard topographical maps to measure land cover changes were used in this study. The image processing and data manipulation were conducted using algorithms supplied with the ERDAS Imagine software. An unsupervised classification approach, which uses a minimum spectral distance to assign pixels to clusters, was used with the overall accuracy ranging from 84 percent to 92 percent. Land cover statistics demonstrate that during the study period (1992-2002) extensive transformation of barren and vegetated lands into urban land have taken place in Nawabshah City. Results revealed that land cover changes due to urbanization has not only contaminated the air quality of the study area but also raised the health concerns for the local residents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.219-222
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• 2009

Rapid object recognition is one of the main stream research themes focusing to reveal how human recognizes object and interacts with environment in natural world. This field of study is of consequence in that it is highly important in evolutionary perspective to quickly see the external objects and judge their characteristics to plan future reactions. In this study, we investigated how human detect natural scene objects and categorize them in a limited time frame. We applied Magnetoencepahlogram (MEG) while participants were performing detection (e.g. object vs. texture) or basic-level categorization (e.g. cars vs. dogs) tasks to track the dynamic interaction in human brain for rapid object recognition process. The results revealed that detection and categorization involves different temporal and functional connections that correlated for the successful recognition process as a whole. These results imply that dynamics in the brain are important for our interaction with environment. The implication from this study can be further extended to investigate the effect of subconscious emotional factors on the dynamics of brain interactions during the rapid recognition process.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-25
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• 2018

The Renaissance is generally said to be the rebirth of the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome, and was centered around Italy from the 14th to the 16th century. This includes the temporal peculiarity of the Renaissance as a sudden phenomenon after the Medieval Ages, and the spatial peculiarity of what happened only in Europe. However, if we remove the European-centered bias here, the horizon for interpreting the Renaissance becomes much wider. There have been claims that similar cultural phenomena resembling the Renaissance existed in other civilizations at the same time. This paper seeks to investigate two possibilities. The first is the possibility of a spatial expansion of the Renaissance. This suggests that the Renaissance was created by long-term exchanges with the Eastern, Middle and Western Hemispheres. The second is the possibility of a simultaneity of the Renaissance in the 14th and 16th centuries. This suggests that it was a global phenomenon that occurred in different civilizations. The Renaissance, therefore, was a crystallization of a complex of civilizations created by the crossing of various cultures along the Silk Road, and should be referred to as the 'Global Renaissance' instead of the 'Western Renaissance.'

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2013

Tall building has some controversial aspects with low carbon city, but it is still a sensible choice for the metropolitan city. This paper aims to develop holistic urban design strategies to minimize impacts on the environment, increase energy efficiency and improve the quality of living in tall building communities by utilizing tall building characteristics. It puts forward the concept of integrated tall building-low carbon community design from the perspective of urban design, and summarizes five core strategies: Temporal state based on energy use, Complementary energy use state based on functions, Spatial state based on regional environment features, Transportation state based on low-carbon lifestyle and Waste utilization state based on tall building characteristics. It also applies the strategies to a practical project. The results show that the proposed urban design strategies are available approaches to mitigate the side effects of tall building on low carbon city.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 2013

The coralline alga, Corallina officinalis, is a widely distributed intertidal species in temperate coastal regions. It is usually exposed to high fluctuations of light intensity, light quality, temperature, and desiccation, all of which affect the temporal and spatial distribution as well as the morphology and the metabolism of this alga. In laboratory experiments we examined the effects of different light intensities (50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$) on photosynthesis, calcification, photosynthetic pigment contents (chlorophyll a and carotenoids), and growth rate of C. officinalis to clarify its photoacclimation strategies. Net photosynthesis, calcification and dissolution rates based on weight were not sensitive to irradiance. Although, photosynthesis and calcification did not clearly respond to light intensity, photosynthetic pigment contents were significantly lower at higher light intensities. In addition, higher irradiances induced significant enhancement of gross photosynthesis based on chlorophyll a. As a result, the specific growth rate was significantly stimulated by high light intensity. Our results suggest that photoacclimation of C. officinalis to different light conditions may be regulated to optimize growth.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.384-392
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the health inequality discourse in the Korean press by analyzing newspaper articles using a relatively new content analysis technique. Methods: This study used the search term "health inequality" to collect articles containing that term that were published between 2000 and 2018. The collected articles went through pre-processing and topic modeling, and the contents and temporal trends of the extracted topics were analyzed. Results: A total of 1038 articles were identified, and 5 topics were extracted. As the number of studies on health inequality has increased over the past 2 decades, so too has the number of news articles regarding health inequality. The extracted topics were public health policies, social inequalities in health, inequality as a social problem, healthcare policies, and regional health gaps. The total number of occurrences of each topic increased every year, and the trend observed for each theme was influenced by events related to its contents, such as elections. Finally, the frequency of appearance of each topic differed depending on the type of news source. Conclusions: The results of this study can be used as preliminary data for future attempts to address health inequality in Korea. To make addressing health inequality part of the public agenda, the media's perspective and discourse regarding health inequality should be monitored to facilitate further strategic action.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2021

This study provided a new research perspective for processing and analyzing AE data to evaluate rock failure. Cluster method and information entropy theory were introduced to investigate temporal and spatial correlation of acoustic emission (AE) events during the rock failure process. Laboratory experiments of granite subjected to compression were carried out, accompanied by real-time acoustic emission monitoring. The cumulative length and dip angle curves of single links were fitted by different distribution models and distribution functions of link length and directionality were determined. Spatial scale and directionality of AE event distribution, which are characterized by two parameters, i.e., spatial correlation length and spatial correlation directionality, were studied with the normalized applied stress. The entropies of link length and link directionality were also discussed. The results show that the distribution of accumulative link length and directionality obeys Weibull distribution. Spatial correlation length shows an upward trend preceding rock failure, while there are no remarkable upward or downward trends in spatial correlation directionality. There are obvious downward trends in entropies of link length and directionality. This research could enrich mathematical methods for processing AE data and facilitate the early-warning of rock failure-related geological disasters.