• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 1985

The RK-temperate phage which infected with Bacillus cereus was isolated and the characters were investigated. The induction of RK-temperate phage from host bacterium attained by ultraviolet light irradiation (15W, 30cm, 30-120sec) and mitomycin C treatment (0.2-2 ug/ml). The host range of RK-temperate phage was not revealed with lysogenic and related strains of B. cereus. But B. cereus(PS) 352 which obtained by N-nitrosoguanidine treatment (1,000{$\mu}g/ml)$ to phage infected with host bacteria was sensitive bacteria of RK-temperate phage. RK-temperate phage was stabilized at the condition of nutrient broth (pH 7-8), Tris-buffer (pH 7-8) and ammonium buffer (pH 8-9) and Sorensen's phosphate buffer (pH 6-7), but unstabilized at other salt solutions and pH range. Also, thermostability was to $45^{\circ}C$ but unstabilized at above $50^{\circ}C$. At RK-temperate phage, the measurment values of head, neck, mid tail and end tail were 59nm, $9{\times}16nm,\;10{\times}189nm,\;and\;10{\times}14nm$ respectively. The morphology of head was regular polyhedron, and the end tail was coneate form. On the one hand, the number of capsid protein layer of tail were consist of 4, 35, and 1 at neck, mid tail, and end tail, respectively. RK-temperate phage was identified with DNA phage and G+C contents were 38.63. The latent time of RK-temperate phage was 30 minutes and the burst size was 70-80. And the host bacteria was lysed in case of multi-infection, above moi 1.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 1978

The RK-temperate phage which infected with Bacillus cereus was isolated and the characters were investigated. The induction of RK-temperate phage from host bacterium attained by ultraviolet light irradiation (15W, 30cm, 30-120sec) and mitomycin C treatment (0.2-2 ug/ml). The host range of RK-temperate phage was not revealed with lysogenic and related strains of B. cereus. But B. cereus(PS) 352 which obtained by N-nitrosoguanidine treatment(1,000.$\mu$g/ml) to phage infected with host bacteria was sensitive bacteria of RK-temperate phage. RK-temperate phage was stabilized at the condition of nutrient broth (pH 7-8), Tris-buffer (pH 7-8) and ammonium buffer (pH 8-9) and Sorensen's phosphate buffer (pH 6-7), but unstabilized at other salt solutions and pH range. Also, thermostability was to 45.deg.C but unstabilized at above 50.deg.C. At RK-temperate phage, the measurment values of head, neck, mid tail and end tail were 59nm, 9*16nm, 10*189nm, and 10*14nm respectively. The morphology of head was regular polyhedron, and the end tail was coneate form. On the one hand, the number of capsid protein layer of tail were consist of 4, 35, and 1 at neck, mid tail, and end tail, respectively. RK-temperate phage was identified with DNA phage and G+C contents were 38.63. The latent time of RK-temperate phage was 30 minutes and the burst size was 70-80. And the host bacteria was lysed in case of multi-infection, above moi 1.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 2021

Iris koreana (Iridaceae) is an endangered plant native to Korea. In order to develop an in vitro propagation method, we investigated the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on callus induction in different I. koreana tissues. In addition, we also investigated the effect of 2,4-D and Benzyl aminopurine (BA) treatments on adventitious shoot induction in viable calli and the effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on root formation in viable shoots. We found that callus production was highest with 1.0 mg/L NAA (94.4% cultured rhizome explants), and adding low concentrations of 2,4-D to BA containing media significantly increased the frequency of shoot primordial formation. The best rooting results were obtained with 1.0 mg/L IBA, on which 98% of regenerated shoots developed roots and produced an average of 7.4 roots within 45 days. This in vitro propagation protocol will be useful for conservation, as well as for mass propagation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2013

This study surveyed the distribution and characteristics of epiphytes and host trees in Jejudo's warm-temperate evergreen forests area. The gathered data will be used for evaluating ecological changes according to climate change. The study found 46 species of epiphytes in Jejudo; 12 of which were species of pteridophytes and 5 species of orchids, totaling 17 species of epiphytes. The appearance frequency was the greatest with Lepisorus thunbergianus, followed by Lemmaphyllum microphyllum and Lepisorus onoei. The area with the greatest diversity of epiphytes was nutmeg tree forests which have the largest number of 2.89 average species. Lemmaphyllum microphyllum had the greatest percent cover of the epiphytes whose importance was found to be the greatest. The factors involved were the epiphytes' diversity index (0.64), maximum species diversity (1.23), evenness (0.52), and dominance (0.48). The study has noted the distribution characteristics of epiphytes according to altitudes above sea level. The Lemmaphyllum microphyllum can survive at an altitude of 600 m above sea level, Lepisorus thunbergianus at 200 - 1,400m above sea level, Lepisorus onoei. at 400 - 1,000 m, and Gonocormus minutus at an altitude above 800 m. The host trees, consisting of Quercus serrata, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, and Carpinus laxiflora, stands at 2-19 m high and 2.5 - 120 cm wide, showing diverse kinds of trees and sizes. Jejudo's warm-temperate evergreen forests have lower epiphyte diversity compared with those of subtropical and tropical areas in Japan and China. Based on the characteristics of the host trees order, epiphytes' distribution associated with the altitude above sea level was typical.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 1998

Temperate phages were effectively induced from presumptive lysogenized cells of 96 strains out of 111 strains of L. garvieae No. 44 strains (phage type B) as the host cell. Similar cultures in distilled water-based TSB did not induce lytic infection in these cells. These temperate phages were also effectively induced by ultraviolet irradiation. All phages isolated were lytic only to L. garvieae No. 44 strain and the lytic nature was different from those of PLgY, PLgW, and PLgS. The virions appeared extracellularly after 1h of induction culture and increased in number until reaching the maximum of $10^6$ PFU/ml after 12h. This phage production was lower than that ($10^{10}$ PFU/ml) of the virulent phage.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2016.09a
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• pp.167-170
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• 2016

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2016.09a
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• pp.161-166
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• 2016

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-134
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• 2000

Forest vegetation in Korea can be largely divided into warm temperate, cool temperate and frigid forest zone. The cool temperate forest zone of them occupies the largest part of the Korean peninsula and it is generally divided into three subdivisions such as northern, central and southern subzone. The Forestry Research Institute established three long-term ecological research sites at Kwangnung Experiment Forest in the central subzone of the cool temperate forest zone, at the Mt. Kyebangsan Forest in the northern subzone of the cool temperate forest zone. and at the Mt. Keumsan Forest in the warm temperate forest zone. The objectives of long-term ecological research in the Forestry Research Institute, Korea are to study long-term changes of the forest ecosystems in energy fluxes, water and nutrient cycling, forest stand structure, biological diversity, to quantify nutrient budgets and fluxes among forest ecosystem compartments and to integrate ecological data with a GIS - assisted model. To achieve the objectives, forest stand dynamics. environmental changes in soil properties, stream water quality, nutrient cycling, air pollution and biological diversity have been investigated and plant phonology as an indicator of climate change has been monitored in the LTER sites.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2015

Antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins [AF(G)Ps] constitute a group of proteins that lower the freezing but not the melting points of aqueous solutions, enabling polar and north-temperate fish to survive in ice-laden environments. However, little is known about antifreeze activity in temperate fish; such work would extend our knowledge on the functions and evolution of AF(G)Ps. In the present study, we screened for antifreeze activity in temperate fish caught off the coast of Jumunjin ($37.89^{\circ}N$), Gangneung, Korea. Thermal hysteresis (TH) and the ability to inhibit ice recrystallization (IR) in blood, liver, and muscle samples from nine fish were examined to assess antifreeze activity. As the East Sea off the coast of Jumunjin is ice-free year round, we thought it most unlikely that the fish would express antifreeze proteins. Surprisingly, the blood of Pleurogrammus azonus and three types of tissue from Gymnocanthus herzensteini, Zoarces gilli and Kareius bicoloratus exhibited measurable TH values together with the ability to trigger characteristic morphological changes in ice crystals. Blood samples from the three species also evidenced ice recrystallization (IR) inhibition. This implies that AF(G)Ps or other antifreeze-like substances are present in temperate fish even under nonfreezing conditions. These results contribute to our understanding of the functions and origins of antifreeze activity in fish.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2014

To analyze the characteristics of bacteriophages in Enterococcus faecium, D-19 and F6 phages were induced from five E. faecium isolated from sprouts by the treatment with mitomycin C. The bacteriophages of D-19 and F-6 had long, non-contractile tails and icosahedral heads, and were members of Siphoviridae family. As the host spectrum, D-19 phage lysed five out of 55 strains of E. faecium, whereas F6 phage lysed only three strains. Both D-19 and F6 phages displayed similar and high stabilities against ethanol and pH capable of resisting the exposure to 100% ethanol and pH 4.