• Journal of Life Science
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1298-1303
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• 2015

Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) is an evergreen tree cultivated in Korea and Japan. M. thunbergii has long been used as a traditional medicine in Korea, China, and Japan to treat various diseases, including edema, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension. In this study, dried stem bark of M. thunbergii extracted in methanol and extract was partitioned into n-hexane, CHCl₃, and BuOH. The CHCl₃-soluble extracts chromatographed on silica gel column using a CHCl₃/acetone and n-hexane/EtOAc mixture to afford Compound 1 and 2. Two dibenzylbutane lignans, macelignan (1) and meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (2), were isolated from the CHCl₃-soluble extract of M. thunbergii stem bark. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopic data analyses and a comparison with literature data. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated. Among these compounds, Compound 2 strongly inhibited the monophenolase (IC₅₀=10.2 μM) activity of tyrosinase. A kinetic analysis showed that Compound 2 was a competitive inhibitor. The apparent inhibition constant (K_i) for Compound 2 binding to free enzyme was 4.8 μM. Based on these results, it can be concluded that meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (2) is a potential candidate for the treatment of melanin biosynthesis-related skin diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1089-1092
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• 2016

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring and leading cause of cancer deaths among women globally. Hereditary cases account 5-10% of all the cases and CHEK2 is considered as a moderate penetrance breast cancer risk gene. CHEK2 plays a crucial role in response to DNA damage to promote cell cycle arrest and repair DNA damage or induce apoptosis. Our objective in the current study was to analyze mutations in the CHEK2 gene related to breast cancer in Balochistan. A total of 271 individuals including breast cancer patients and normal subjects were enrolled. All 14 exons of CHEK2 were amplified and sequenced. The majority of the patients (>95%) had invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs), 52.1% were diagnosed with tumor grade III and 56.1% and 27.5% were diagnosed with advance stages III and IV. Two novel nonsense variants i.e. c.58C>T (P.Q20X) and c.256G>T (p.E85X) at exon 1 and 2 in two breast cancer patients were identified in the current study. Both the variants identified were novel and have not been reported elsewhere.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7653-7664
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal ranked first among cancers reported in males and ranked second amongst females in Jordan, accounting for 12.7% and 10.5% of cancers in males and females, respectively. Colorectal cancer patients can suffer several consequences after treatment that include pain and fatigue, constipation, stoma complications, sexual problems, appearance and body-image concerns as well as psychological dysfunction. There is no published quantitative data on the health-related quality of life and psychological wellbeing of Jordanian colorectal cancer survivors. Method: This project was a cross-sectional study of colorectal cancer survivors diagnosed in 2009 and 2010. Assessment was performed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), the colorectal cancer specific module (EORTC QLQ-CR 29) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data on potential predictors of scores were also collected. Results: A total of 241 subjects completed the study with mean age of $56.7{\pm}13.6$. Males represented 52.3% of study participants. A majority of participants reported good to high overall health; the mean Global health score was $79.74{\pm}23.31$ with only 6.64% of study participants scoring less than 33.3%. The striking result in this study was that none of the study participants participated in a psychosocial support group; only 4 of them (1.7%) were even offered such support. The mean scores for HADS, depression score, and anxiety score were $8.25{\pm}9$, $4.35{\pm}4.9$ and $3.9{\pm}4.6$, respectively. However, 77.1% of study participants were within the normal category for the depression score and 81.7% were within this category for anxiety score; 5.4% of participants had severe anxiety and 5.4% of them had severe depression. Discussion: Patients with colorectal cancer in Jordan have a good quality of life and psychological wellbeing scores when compared with patients from western countries. None of the colorectal cancer patients managed at the Ministry of Health received any formal counselling, or participated in psychological or social support programmes. This highlights the urgent need for a psychosocial support programme, psychological screening and consultations for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer at the Ministry of Health Hospitals.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

The value chain has been utilized as a strategic tool to improve competitive advantage, mainly at the enterprise level and at the industrial level. However, in order to conduct value chain analysis at the enterprise level, the client companies of the parent company should be classified according to whether they belong to it's value chain. The establishment of a value chain for a single company can be performed smoothly by experts, but it takes a lot of cost and time to build one which consists of multiple companies. Thus, this study proposes a model that automatically classifies the companies that form a value chain based on actual transaction data. A total of 19 transaction attribute variables were extracted from the transaction data and processed into the form of input data for machine learning method. The proposed model was constructed using the Random Forest algorithm. The experiment was conducted on a automobile parts company. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can classify the client companies of the parent company automatically with 92% of accuracy, 76% of F1-score and 94% of AUC. Also, the empirical study confirm that a few transaction attributes such as transaction concentration, transaction amount and total sales per customer are the main characteristics representing the companies that form a value chain.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.50-64
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• 2013

In clustered sensor networks, since a CH (Cluster Head) collects data from its members and delivers the collected data to the sink, it is very important to prevent compromised nodes from joining a CH election and manipulating and fabricating the election result. In order to protect CH elections from compromised nodes, unpredictability, non-manipulability, and agreement property should be guaranteed in CH elections. However, existing CH election schemes cannot prevent intelligent compromised nodes from skilfully violating those properties via their cooperation. In this paper, we propose a scheme which protects the CH election process by detecting intelligent compromised nodes and excluding them. For every CH election round, each member gives a direct trust value to other members according to their behavior. Then a real reputation value is given to each member by combining the direct trust value and indirect trust values provided by other members. Then, each node evaluates the real reputation values of members in its cluster and excludes some untrustable nodes from CH candidates. The scheme greatly improves the non-manipulability and agreement property of CH election results compared to other rival schemes. Furthermore, the scheme preserves the high non-manipulability and the high agreement property even in an environment where message losses can happen.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

In this study, the effects of indium (In) doping in InGaN/GaN multi quantum well (MQW) on photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties were investigated. Each quantum well (QW) layer with controlled In content were grown on sapphire substrate. Before growth of MQW, GaN growth consisted of various stages in the following order: buffer GaN growth, undoped GaN growth, and Si-doped n-type GaN growth. Absorbance of InGaN/GaN MQW having different In composition was higher than that of the InGaN/GaN MQW having a constant In composition. It indicates that InGaN layer having different In composition absorbs light having a broad spectrum energy. These results are in agreement with those in photoluminescence (PL). After evaluation of PEC properties, it demonstrated that InGaN/GaN MQW having different In composition was improved InGaN/GaN MQW having constant In composition in PEC water splitting ability.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2016

A two-step open system(TOS) was proposed to relay between a healing platform and a repository of personal health documents. TOS was designed by taking into consideration the pubsub service based on large scale connections to monitor a provider's access/request process for health documents in real time. TOS, however, uses WebSocket as a communication protocol in case of pubsub. Given the operational environment of low quality wireless networks for mobile devices that are user terminals in a healing platform, there is a need to add a messaging protocol to support QoS as well as a transmission protocol. As a light messaging protocol optimized for mobile devices, MQTT defines reliable messaging QoS to consider a wireless network situation of low speed/low quality. This study designed an MQTT protocol-based message broker to support QoS in case of large scale connections and pubsub by taking into consideration mobile devices that are user terminals in a healing platform. After designing a model between TOS and MQTT message broker, the study implemented a prototype based on the proposed design and compared it with its counterparts from previous studies based on the performance indicators in a load-test with the MQTT client tool.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

Recently, several researches have been studied on agricultural automation system according to convergence of IT technology with agriculture. An automatic control system of the growth environment in crops is one of the these researches. The controls of damages caused by diseases and insects pest in crops are mainly carried out by manual mode or semi-automatic mode because of farmer's concerns for poor efficiency. But, this situation needs to be improved because it occurs various problems, such as human exposure to toxic pesticides, environmental pollution and waste due to drug overuse. In order to solve these problems, we developed an automatic quantity control system which based on the amount of pesticides for area under cultivation. The amount of pesticides is calculated according to the manufacturer's instruction for pesticides. To verify the effectiveness of our developed automatic system, we also compared with the systems of manual mode and the semi-automatic mode. The experimental results of a pest control performance of an automatic quantity control system showed that automatic system can reduce overuse of drugs. These results suggested that it can be expected to replace the existing system, with equivalent effectiveness to the manual mode.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

Recently, ICT environments have been increasingly developed and the pattern of the war also has been changed to NCW. The development of communication and network technology, for example, C4I and TDL(Tactical Data Link), has been prosperous and rapid. But the geospatial intelligence field which is the basis of the network frames relatively has not been developed. The purpose of this paper is to foster the geospatial governance in terms of the defense perspective. In order to do that, this paper deals with the U.S. Intelligence Community(IC) and the U.S. Army Global Information Grid(GIG), LandWarNet and those could be good examples of roles and statuses of geospatial intelligence. IC has been produced essential intelligence which is required for policymakers and military leaders. IC has several stove-piped intelligence process systems which have been separately developed and competed. And so as to complete GIG, the U.S. Army adopted LandWarNet. The U.S. Corps of Engineers organized the Army Geospatial Center(AGC) on 1 October 2009 to support LandWarNet. In order to develop NCW, we should recognize geospatial intelligence as the basis of network framework and make a central leading organization of defense geospatial intelligence. The mission of Korea Defense Geospatial-Intelligence Agency should be changed from producing GEOINT to a strategic GEOINT agency. The Army should organize a laboratory of geospatial intelligence field. The mission of producing GEOINT should be transferred to a geospatial intelligence battalion which is newly organized.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

In the train system, railway vehicles are connected in a line. Therefore, this feature should be considered in composing network topology in a train system. Besides, inter-car communication should be distinguished from in-car communication. As for the inter-car communication, the hybrid topology was proposed to use rather than the conventional ring, star, daisy-chain, and bus topologies. In the hybrid topology, a number of cars are bound to be a group. Then star topology is used for the communication in a group and daisy-chain topology is used for the communication between groups. Hybrid topology takes the virtue of both star and daisy-chain topologies. Hence it maintains communication speed with reducing the number of connecting cables between cars. Therefore, it is important to choose the number of cars in a group to obtain higher performance. In this paper, we focus on the optimization of hybrid topology for railway cars. We first assume that the size of data and the frequency of data production for each car is identical. We also assume that the importance for the maximum number of cables to connect cars is variable as well as the importance of the communication speed. Separated weights are granted to both importance and we derive the optimum number of cars in a group for various number of cars and weights.