• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

Packaged food products often undergo retort processing, a thermal processing in a pressurized vessel called a retort, to ensure their microbiological safety or shelf-stability under normal non-refrigerated conditions of storage and distribution. Retort processing is generally aimed to accomplish commercial sterility of packaged foods with acceptable nutritional and sensorial qualities. Fundamental principles on retort processing, such as thermal resistance kinetics of target microorganism, heat penetration theory, and methods for evaluating process sterility and food quality loss, were reviewed. Factors affecting process severity, heat transfer mechanism, and heat penetration efficiency were summarized. General features of retortable packaging formats including metal cans, glass jars, and plastic packages were also briefly reviewed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

Micro machining can manufacture complex shapes with high accuracy. Especially, this enables wide application of micro technology in various fields. For example, micro channels allow fluid transfer, which is a widely used technology. Therefore, liquidity research of flow in micro channels and micro channel manufacturing with use of various materials and cutting conditions has very important meaning. In this study, to find out correlation between fluid velocity in micro channels and surface roughness, we manufactured micro channels using micro end-mill and dropped ethanol into micro channels. We compared several surface roughness and fluid velocity in micro channels that were created by various processing conditions. Finally, we found out relationship between fluid velocity and surface roughness in micro channels of different materials.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2014

In this paper, four apodization functions are proposed for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) strip waveguides with sidewall-corrugated gratings. The effects of apodization functions on the full width at half maximum (FWHM), the side-lobe level, and the reflectivity of the reflection spectrum are studied using the coupled-mode theory (CMT) and the transfer-matrix method (TMM). The results show that applying proposed apodization functions creates very good filtering characteristics. Among investigated apodized waveguides, the apodization functions of Polynomial and z-power have the best performance in reducing side-lobes, where the side-lobe oscillations are entirely removed. Four functions are also used for precise adjustment of the bandwidth. Simulation results show that the minimum and maximum values of the FWHM are 0.74 nm and 8.48 nm respectively. In some investigated functions, changing the apodization parameters decreases the reflectivity which is compensated by increasing the grating length.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.537-548
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• 2019

This paper introduces an improved numerical model which can consider the bond-slip effect in steel-concrete composite structures without taking double nodes to minimize the complexity in constructing a finite element model. On the basis of a linear partial interaction theory and the use of the bond link element, the slip behavior is defined and the equivalent modulus of elasticity and yield strength for steel is derived. A solution procedure to evaluate the slip behavior along the interface of the composite flexural members is also proposed. After constructing the transfer matrix relation at an element level, successive application of the constructed relation is conducted from the first element to the last element with the compatibility condition and equilibrium equations at each node. Finally, correlation studies between numerical results and experimental data are conducted with the objective of establishing the validity of the proposed numerical model.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.120-131
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• 1988

A souce term model describes mathematically the source of radionuclides as they begin slow migration and decay in deep groundwater. Various source term models based on mass-transfer analysis and measurement-based source term models are reviewed. Ganerally, two processes are involved in leaching or dissolution: (1) chemical reactions and (2) mass transfer by diffusion. The chemical reaction controls the dissolution rates only during the early stage of exposure to groundwater. The exterior-field mass transfer may control the long term dissolution rates from the waste solid in a geologic repository. Mass-transfer analyses re3y on detailed and careful application of the governing equations that describe the mechanistic processes of transport of material between and within phases. If used correctly, source term models based on mass-transfer theory are valuable and necessary tools for developing reliable predictions.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2024

This research aims to study and confirm enabling factors affecting the knowledge transfer and business process of community enterprise groups in Pattani province, Thailand. Key informants were community enterprise entrepreneurs; 30 people were selected purposively with criteria. This study used a mixed-methods approach and conducted semi-structured interviews to collect data. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and classification, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Moreover, inferential statistics chi-square value, Phi Cramer's V, and multiple regression analysis with the R program for statistical computing were employed to analyze the relationship between the variables, test the research hypothesis, and create forecasting equations. The research results revealed that the overview of enabling factors had a very high relationship (Cramer's V=0.965). Regarding community enterprise, it was found that enabling factors related to the knowledge transfer and business process consisted of four factors: regulations and administrative guidelines, business plan, reinforcement, and brainstorming. Reinforcement was the factor with the highest degree of correlation (Cramer's V=0.873) and predictor of influence on the knowledge transfer and business process (R₂=0.670, p<0.05). This study's findings can lead to the developing of guidelines for promoting community enterprises properly and timely. These guidelines are expected to be used to develop knowledge about business models for community enterprises, which will help to improve their competency and competitiveness.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.353-359
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• 2021

Information technology and the need for timely and effective communication during the Covid-19 have made most governments adopt technological approaches to provide their services. E-government services have been adopted by most governments especially in developed countries to quickly and effectively share information. This study discusses the reasons why governments in the Gulf region should develop a new model for information technology knowledge management practices. To achieve this, the author identified possible benefits of adopting information technology knowledge management practices and why most governments in the Gulf find it hard to adopt them. Knowledge management allows for learning, transfer as well as sharing of information between government organizations and citizens and with the development of technology, the effectiveness of electronic services can easily be achieved. Also, effective adoption of information technology can improve knowledge management with the help of techniques that enhance capture, storage, retrieval as well as sharing of information. The author used systematic literature review to select 28 journals and articles published post 2019. IEEE, Google Scholar and Science Direct were used to select potential studies from which 722 journals and articles were selected. Through screening and eligibility assessment, 21 articles were retained while the back and forward search had 7 more articles which were also included in the study. Using information gathered from these articles and journals a new conceptual model was developed to help improve information technology knowledge management for governments in the Gulf region to effectively deliver e-services during Covid-19. This model was developed based on the process of KM, Theory of Planned Behavior and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Based on the developed model. From UTAUT model, performance expectancy, effort expectancy as well as social influence had a great impact.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-30
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• 2021

Recent years have witnessed various attempts of firms to acquire new knowledge. Purchasing intellectual property or merger and acquisition (M&A) can be such attempts, but joint venture can also be an effective way internalizing new complementary assets from external partners. However, due to difficulties in the formation and implementation of learning strategies, many joint ventures have failed to acquire necessary knowledge. In this respect, based on contingency theory and dynamic capability, the current research aims to investigate the failure case of knowledge transfer in an international joint venture - KEFICO established by Hyundai motors and BOSCH. Case firm optimized for hardware technology but did not establish a differentiated learning strategy and organizational structure to acquire software skills, which are intellectuals of different natures. Due to this inconsistency, it was not able for KEFICO to absorb new type of knowledge (skills related to engine control system). This study suggests the theoretical framework illustrating the case and provides some important implications for organizational learning.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.135-147
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• 2019

This paper introduced a impact load estimation method by examining vibration transfer path analysis (TPA). The theoretical background and the load quantification procedure are explained, and a case study of hydraulic breaker is reported. We explained the merits and limitations of the load estimation method of TPA, and improvement method was suggested through case analyses of drilling equipment. The necessity of R&D of load-estimation technology was discussed. A new strategy for developing new techniques for impact load measurement was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.42-48
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• 1998

This paper is concerned with the heat flux distribution and energy partition for creep-feed grinding. From measurements of transient grinding temperatures in the workpiece sub-surface using an embedded thermocouple, the overall energy partition to the workpiece was estimated from moving heat source theory for a triangular heat flux distribution as 3.0% for down grinding and 4.5% for up grinding. The higher energy partition for up grinding can be attribute to the need to satisfy thermal compatibility at the grinding zone. The influence of cooling outside the grinding zone can be analytically taken into account by specifying convective heat transfer coefficients on the workpiece surface ha ahead of the heat source (grinding zone) and hb behind the heat source. The smaller energy partition together with slightly lower grinding power favors down grinding over up grinding.