• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 1998

With the advent of CLSM in the end of 1980s, it has been applied to the field of pulp and paper science in various ways. This study showed the potentials of CLSM In analyzing a change of pulp fiber and paper properties before and after mechanical treatment. In particular, a quantification of internal fibrillation has been done using cross-sectional images of fibers and image analysis technique, then evaluated the effects of fiber wall delamination on fiber and paper properties. It showed that the delaminated fibers were closely associated to development of the interfiber bonding in a fiber network. The CLSM made it possible to investigate a density profile along the sheet thickness, which was created by some papermaking processes like pressing, drying and calendering. Through the attempt to observe the forming procedure of a fiber network during handsheet making, the CLSM images showed that the pressing stage was considered greatly to contribute to generation of interfiber bonding with removing a free water and partly a bound water between fibers. In addition, the CLSM could be used to illustrate not only a surface profile of paper showing the extent of smoothness or roughness, but also a density profile in a B-direction of the network. Finally it became evident that the CLSM could be used as an excellent tool to predict development in fiber and paper properties before and after mechanical treatment during papermaking processes.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.52-59
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• 2004

The greater Increase of the demand for environmental friendly materials especially for packaging industry leads to the larger interest in the reusable and recycable materials such as pulp mold. Although the pulp mold has great characteristics for packaging, some deficiency compared with other packaging material like EPS(Expandable Polystyrene) need to be overcome, for example, the relative higher cost. In this report, since the water drainage rate at the forming zone of a wet pulp mold process could have a great influence on the economical efficiency not only by increasing machine speed but also reducing the drying energy, the optimum ways for increasing drainage were investigated The mechanism of vacuum drainage In pulp mold forming was successfully evaluated by using RDA(Retention and Darinage Analyzer). Since the conditions of stock were greatly affected by the pulping time of low consistency pulper, the optimum pupling time was investigated with considerations of all stock preparation processes. The change of stock temperature and the addition of polyelectrolyte could improve the vacuum drainage rate. It was founded that the wire mesh types of mold former had a little influence on the retention because of the relatively mild vacuum drainage. However, the bigger size of dewatering hole showed better drainage rate and could reduce the plugging and con lamination of mold.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.76-81
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• 2011

This study was carried out in order to develop a speciality functional coated paper, which can be recognized under a ultraviolet lamp. The special fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) which absorbs ultraviolet light (397~410 nm) and emits it as yellowish light (570~500nm) was used. The special FWA was applied in a coating color in two ways: (1) direct application to a coating color as a FWA; (2) application on pigment surface, drying it and application it as a fluorescence whitening pigments (colored pigments). The effects of the special FWA on coating color properties were tested and the distribution of colored pigments in coated paper was evaluated under a ultraviolet lamp. The results showed that the colored pigments didn't affect on coating color properties. Experimental results showed the possibility of producing a security coated paper using the special FWA. To produce a speciality functional paper, it was found to be proper to apply the special FWA in the form of colored pigment.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Beating or refining is an energy intensive process in paper industry. In India, most of the paper industries blend long fibered softwood pulps with short fibered hardwood or agro based pulps to get the paper properties of competitive level. Refining characteristics of the blend of pulps is very crucial with respect to freeness and strength properties. This study has been carried out to understand the refining behavior of three hardwood pulps and a softwood pulp. The hardwood and softwood pulps are blended in different proportions in two different ways; a) blending after their separate refining, and b) blending before refining followed by mixed refining of the blended pulps. Freeness of pulp, strength, optical and surface properties of paper along with formation have been determined and compared for both the refining methods. The fiber classification of refined pulps was also carried out to analyze the effect of refining method on fiber morphology. The mixed refining of hardwood and softwood pulps marginally affects the fiber morphology in comparison to separate refining of pulps. The strength and other properties of paper prepared from mixed refining of pulps are either better or comparable than those of separately refined pulps.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.426-433
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• 2017

This paper describes the development process, the innovative techniques used and insights gained from the latest integrated, full scope, multistate Level 2 PSA analysis conducted at the Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant (KKL), Switzerland. KKL is a modern single-unit General Electric Boiling Water Reactor (BWR/6) with Mark III Containment, and a power output of $3600MW_{th}/1200MW_e$, the highest among the five operating reactors in Switzerland. A Level 2 Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) analyses accident phenomena in nuclear power plants, identifies ways in which radioactive releases from plants can occur and estimates release pathways, magnitude and frequency. This paper attempts to give an overview of the advanced modeling techniques that have been developed and implemented for the recent KKL Level 2 PSA update, with the aim of systematizing the analysis and modeling processes, as well as complying with the relatively prescriptive Swiss requirements for PSA. The analysis provides significant insights into the absolute and relative importances of risk contributors and accident prevention and mitigation measures. Thanks to several newly developed techniques and an integrated approach, the KKL Level 2 PSA report exhibits a high degree of reviewability and maintainability, and transparently highlights the most important risk contributors to Large Early Release Frequency (LERF) with respect to initiating events, components, operator actions or seismic component failure probabilities (fragilities).

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Recently, many companies have been very interested in CRM(Customer Relationship Management). Most companies have been also considering the contact center as a key CRM channel, because it is a contact point between customers and companies. It turns out that the contact center handles over 70% of all customer-company interactions and the success or failure of a company can be determined by the customer satisfaction with contact center experiences. Despite of the strategic importance of the contact center, there has been few empirical study on the efficiency of contact center operations in the literature. One of the main purposes of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of contact centers so as to not only identify the current status of contact center operations, but also suggest ways to improve operational efficiency. For this purpose, we apply a non-parametric efficiency measurement method, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), to 57 domestic contact centers in order to compare their relative efficiency. It is expected that the measurement methods suggested in this study can be applied to various issues such as service KS certification, outsourcing service management, and the productivity analysis of service personnel.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.154-166
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• 2015

The in-core instrumentation measures core power distribution and coolant temperature in local regions of the core in pressurized water reactors. The installation types are distinguished by the designs of routing paths that exit either through reactor bottom mounted instrument nozzles or through reactor top mounted instrument nozzles. Although each type has unique advantages, it is generally known that top mounted design is more competitive with respect to emphasizing nuclear safety issues and ability to cope with severe accidents. The international nuclear vendors have provided various types of reactors with top mounted design. Nuclear power reactors in Korea, however, only have been designed to be applicable to the use of bottom mounted design, and it has been pointed out that the capabilities of Korean reactors against severe accidents should be further enhanced. The paper deals with technical issues on reactor internal and external design, in-core instrumentation, support assembly, sealing mechanism with nozzles, handling, and analytical issues in order to establish the ways of development.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.42-51
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• 2013

Climate changes have become the major issue for the sustainable society and the various regulation has been established for promoting low carbon and green growth in Korea. The paper industry as a large comsumer of energy is forced to cope with these regulation. In this study, the various examples were investigated for providing the basic schemes to develop environmental management strategies of Korean paper industry. The various cases to follow carbon economic were introduced and were categorized into five ways, for example, the carbon capture projects such as reforestation, the increasing the process efficiency, the resource recovery form process waste, the cogeneration systems, the application of non-woody biomass.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.89-96
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• 2006

To estimate the manufacturing district and generation of ancient paper as a cultural property, fiber orientation is one of the criteria. Image analysis using fast Fourier transform with suitable modifications was demonstrated to be an effective means to determine angle and intensity of fiber orientation as a nondestructive method. Binarization process of microscopic images of paper surface and precise calculation for average Fourier coefficients as an angular distribution by linear interpolation were newly introduced in the procedures to improve the accuracy. This analysis method was applied to digital optical micrographs of paper surfaces. Korea and Japanese traditional hand making papers were well distinguished. Korea and Japanese papers made in the traditional ways showed its own characteristic orientation behavior in accordance with the motion of a bamboo wire.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.46-51
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• 2003

The charcoal is known to have gas adsorption capability and is used frequently to mitigate the unpleasant smells from food and clothing. It is also used to treat water to remove dissolved organic and inorganic substances. In this paper, we applied the several different kinds of charcoals to the papers in three different ways to investigate if charcoal application method affects its gas adsorption capability. Wet end addition, making multiply, and coating method were tested. Specific ethylene gas adsorption capabilities were measured. Experimental results shows that manufacturing conditions of the charcoal itself changed its gas adsorption properties. The boxes used for agricultural produces, and the packaging paper for flowers are to be well fitted application for the charcoal added paper. Mulch paper, which needs opacity and air permeability with proper strength properties, is another candidate for the application of charcoal added paper.