• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2021

Despite skepticism about commercial potential, the stereoscopic 3D cinema is still a form that any filmmaker can choose to employ for its aesthetics and its immersive potential. Based on a haptic illusion, the stereoscopic media content requires a new perspective different from the principle of 2D media content in terms of creation and acceptance. This paper examines the technical and aesthetic issues of stereoscopic 3D film production from the perspective of today's emerging realistic and immersive media through a case study. One of the key factors for successful content creation and research and development in stereoscopic 3D cinema is the combination of artistic principles together with technical mastering of the new image technology. The purpose of this paper is to outline the principal challenges and research topics in stereoscopic 3D cinema through a case study of stereoscopic 3D pilot film production for the 'User-Selective UHD Stereoscopic Media Service Platform' of the ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute). This paper intends to examine stereoscopic 3D filmmaking workflow and production methodologies, as well as technical elements and aesthetic issues.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.119-134
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to expound the packaging framework system(PFS) under international trade rules. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed packaging framework system and packaging regulations and technical standards in international regulations and major countries and classified these in some standards Findings - First, the study provides packaging provisions associated with packaging regulations and technical standards (PRTS). Then, the basis of PFS in international trade rules was proposed; it is believed that the PFS was composed of packaging legal system in WTO institutional framework (WTO-PLS), international organization packaging standard system (IO-PSS) and major countries or regions packaging regulatory system (MCR-PRS). Secondly, this paper expounded relations and legal characteristics of the three packaging systems. Finally, This study investigated PRTS coverage under technical barriers to trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS). Research implications or Originality - The regulations associated with PRTS have played a key role in challenges to merchandise trade in international trade. This study has significance in classifying packaging related reticulations into several criteria unlike previous studies. Therefore it is hope that this study can provide a supplementary document for the existing research of PRTS.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.335-352
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• 2023

When solving multi-objective optimization problems, the blindness of the evolution direction of the population gradually emerges with the increase in the number of objectives, and there are also problems of convergence and diversity that are difficult to balance. The many- objective optimization problem makes some classic multi-objective optimization algorithms face challenges due to the huge objective space. The sine cosine algorithm is a new type of natural simulation optimization algorithm, which uses the sine and cosine mathematical model to solve the optimization problem. In this paper, a knee-driven many-objective sine-cosine algorithm (MaSCA-KD) is proposed. First, the Latin hypercube population initialization strategy is used to generate the initial population, in order to ensure that the population is evenly distributed in the decision space. Secondly, special points in the population, such as nadir point and knee points, are adopted to increase selection pressure and guide population evolution. In the process of environmental selection, the diversity of the population is promoted through diversity criteria. Through the above strategies, the balance of population convergence and diversity is achieved. Experimental research on the WFG series of benchmark problems shows that the MaSCA-KD algorithm has a certain degree of competitiveness compared with the existing algorithms. The algorithm has good performance and can be used as an alternative tool for many-objective optimization problems.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.5-11
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• 2012

The core objective of this research article is to investigate different challenges and opportunities in management as well as start-ups of small businesses in India. The prudence behind this research is to examine various problems in front of the small businesses and to offer vital support and cooperation to overcome those with the support of concerned institutions through consultancy and training programs. The researchers have an intention to make available the research results to the governmental agencies, concerned small business institutions and also to the educational institutions which are continually design plans, programs, policies and strategies to upgrade the managerial and technical dexterities of the small business Indian operators. After thorough revision of relevant literature on small businesses and its management, the researchers used a well structured questionnaire and in-depth personal interviews with 586small business operators selected from manufacturing, trading (retailing and wholesaling), finance, servicing/repair businesses which are located in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The researchers have used convenience sampling and collected data was analyzed with the support of Microsoft Excel and frequency distribution. Noticeably, majority of the small businessmen in India are facing myriad number of challenges both in management and at the time of establishment of their business operations. In particular, 72.47 percent of small businesses operators' have substantiated their strong opinion towards the challenges they are facing particularly finance, marketing and other problems while managing their businesses. The researchers also attempted to get the opinions on problems of the various categories of small businesses while starting their operations. A staggering 68percent of respondents identified the problems related to preparation of business plan, location selection, marketing and other problems like lack of proper credit facilities, skilled manpower, and other infra related problems while setting up of their businesses. On an average, 64.62 and 63.51 percent of small businesses are facing various kinds of problems both at the time of day-to-day management as well as start-up of their businesses respectively. The present research confined with the opinions of only four categories of small business operators particularly from the manufacturing, finance, trading (retailing and wholesaling), and servicing/repair which are continuing their business operations from the nine coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The present study emphatically provides concrete information required to the business community for identifying an assortment of challenges faced by different small business operators in managing and at the time of their inception. This research paper is first of its kind from this part of the world by offering extensive and credible information required for prospective entrepreneurs in facing the dynamic challenges in managing their business. Furthermore, this research presents invaluable inputs to the stakeholders like all types of governments, policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and educators' about the various impediments faced by the small business community in India.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.1891-1908
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• 2011

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are an emerging discipline that involves engineered computing and communicating systems interfacing the physical world. The widespread applications of CPSs still face enormous challenges because of the lack of theoretical foundations. In this technical survey, we review state-of-the-art design techniques from various angles. The aim of this work is to provide a better understanding of this emerging multidisciplinary methodology. The features of CPSs are described, and the research progress is analyzed using the following aspects: energy management, network security, data transmission and management, model-based design, control technique, and system resource allocation. We focus on CPS resource optimization, and propose a system performance optimization model with resource constraints. In addition, some classic applications (e.g., integrating intelligent road with unmanned vehicle) are provided to show that the prospects of CPSs are promising. Furthermore, research challenges and suggestions for future work are outlined in brief.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.24.1-24.14
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• 2017

Over the past decades, in vitro culture media have been developed to successfully support IVF embryo growth in a variety of species. Advanced reproductive technologies, such as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), challenge us with a new type of embryo, with special nutritional requirements and altered physiology under in vitro conditions. Numerous studies have successfully reconstructed cloned embryos of domestic animals for biomedical research and livestock production. However, studies evaluating suitable culture conditions for SCNT embryos in wildlife species are scarce (for both intra- and interspecies SCNT). Most of the existing studies derive from previous IVF work done in conventional domestic species. Extrapolation to non-domestic species presents significant challenges since we lack information on reproductive processes and embryo development in most wildlife species. Given the challenges in adapting culture media and conditions from IVF to SCNT embryos, developmental competence of SCNT embryos remains low. This review summarizes research efforts to tailor culture media to SCNT embryos and explore the different outcomes in diverse species. It will also consider how these culture media protocols have been extrapolated to wildlife species, most particularly using SCNT as a cutting-edge technical resource to assist in the preservation of endangered species.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1081-1083
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• 2014

Malignancy-associated mortality, decreased productivity, and spiritual, social and physical burden in cancer patients and their families impose heavy costs on communities. Therefore cancer prevention, early detection, rapid diagnosis and timely treatment are very important. Use of modern methods based on information technology in cancer can improve patient survival and increase patient and health care provider satisfaction. Robot technology is used in different areas of health care and applications in surgery have emerged affecting the cancer treatment domain. Computerized and robotic devices can offer enhanced dexterity by tremor abolition, motion scaling, high quality 3D vision for surgeons and decreased blood loss, significant reduction in narcotic use, and reduced hospital stay for patients. However, there are many challenges like lack of surgical community support, large size, high costs and absence of tactile and haptic feedback. A comprehensive view to identify all factors in different aspects such as technical, legal and ethical items that prevent robotic surgery adoption is thus very necessary. Also evidence must be presented to surgeons to achieve appropriate support from physicians. The aim of this review article is to survey applications, opportunities and barriers to this advanced technology in patients and surgeons as an approach to improve cancer care.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2015

This paper primarily intends to explore whether smartphones accelerate the customer education paradox. Smartphone usage is becoming a mainstream habit, and it is changing people's shopping experience and conventional practices, hence presenting new challenges to the market. A smartphone affects customers strongly when they are trying to choose a product/service among a variety of options, and making purchase decisions. With smartphones bringing such changes and challenges to the market, especially to the companies and stores, it is important to understand market trends in order to retain the loyalty of existing customers as well as to attract new buyers. Therefore, companies and stores should offer enhanced and better technical service quality, along with the use of tools such as QR codes. Further, mobile based websites would offer a suitable approach in assisting customers using smartphones to obtain better information of greater value. The results of this study imply that there is an opportunity for organizations to design various methods of imparting customer education by using smartphones, such as loading applications on a smartphone that lead to more information with good quality and present real benefits regarding the products/services.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2014

The comprehensive review of the STCW 1978, as amended in 1995 and associated Code was carried out from 2006 to 2010. These amendments will have a certain degree of impact on Maritime Education and Training(MET) institutes in terms of education and training of seafarer worldwide. Particularly, the Far East region countries are effected more than other regions since they covered about 30% of officers and 37% ratings in the world. In view of these facts this dissertation conceived to analyze the problems in the Far East main seafarer supply countries faced the implementation of "STCW Manila Amendments" To analyze these problems, this dissertation carried out questionnaire research to 7 targeted main MET of major Far East seafarer supply countries. After research this dissertation suggests the possible solutions such as, Joint On-Board Training Center; Joint Asia Maritime E-learning Systems; methods to reducing work-load, ship inspection burden and determine mandatory minimum safety manning standards in a safe way; technical cooperation fund to installation of training equipment; and clarify vague terminology of STCW Manila Amendments, to solve problems identified through the questionnaires.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.50-58
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• 2015

There is a great deal of current interest in the development of rechargeable batteries with high energy storage capability due to an increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) with driving ranges comparable to those of gasoline-powered vehicles. Among various types of batteries under development, a Li-O₂ battery delivers the highest theoretical energy density; thus, it is considered a promising energy storage technology for EV applications. Despite the fact that extensive research efforts have been made in the field of Li-O₂ batteries in recent years, there are still many technical challenges to be addressed, such as low round-trip efficiency, poor reversibility, and poor power capability. In this article, we provide a short review on the fundamental electrochemistry of Li-O₂ batteries with non-aqueous electrolytes and on electrode materials that have been employed in cathodes (oxygen electrodes). The major aim of this mini-review is to highlight the physical and electrochemical origins of scientific challenges facing Li-O₂ battery technology and to overview the strategies proposed to overcome them.