• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

Purpose - Using a sample of Korean multinational corporations, we examine whether the relationship between tax risk and the implied cost of capital discriminates between the environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) of highly rated firms. Design/methodology - Firms with high tax risks have an increased uncertainty of future cash flows. Therefore, as the volatility of future cash flow increases, information asymmetry and the required return increases. Highly rated ESG firms can reduce information asymmetry, thereby weakening the positive relationship between tax risk and cost of capital. We employ the standard deviation of the cash effective tax rate as proxy of tax risk. We utilize the ESG rating data of the Korea Corporate Governance Service (KCGS). We use a PEG model, MPEG model, and GM model to measure the implied cost of capital. Findings - We find a positive association between the implied cost of capital and tax risk. The positive relationship between tax risk and the implied cost of capital weakens in highly rated ESG firms. Highly rated ESG firms prefer a stable tax position to invest after-tax cash flows into sustainable management. Therefore, the negative effects of tax risk on cost of capital can be reduced. Originality/value - This study provides empirical evidence that ESG activities can mitigate the negative impact of tax risk on the cost of capital for Korean multinational corporations. In a business environment where ESG activities are more important, the empirical results that ESG activities can reduce the corporate risk of Korean FDI companies are expected to provide implications for the ESG activities of multinational corporations.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

The current study aims to investigate the relationship between tax avoidance and firm risk in an emerging market called Iran. The study population consists of 400 observations and 80 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) over a five-year period during 2012 and 2016. The statistical model used in this study is a multivariate regression model; besides, the statistical technique used to test the hypotheses proposed in this research is panel data. The results showed that low effective tax rate (tax avoidance) is more consistent than the higher effective tax rate. Moreover, there is no significant relationship between tax avoidance and future tax rate volatility. The findings also proved that lower effective tax rates are positively associated with future stock price volatility. This implies that since Iranian firms have many financial problems because of economic sanctions, they have a tendency to delay the disclosure of bad news about their firms. Needless to say, when a huge number of negative news reaches its peak, they immediately will enter the market and lead to a remarkable fluctuation in stock prices.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.30-45
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• 2024

This study introduces an effective method for predicting individual local tax delinquencies using prevalent machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The evaluation of credit risk holds great significance in the financial realm, impacting both companies and individuals. While credit risk prediction has been explored using statistical and machine learning techniques, their application to tax arrears prediction remains underexplored. We forecast individual local tax defaults in Republic of Korea using machine and deep learning algorithms, including convolutional neural networks (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq). Our model incorporates diverse credit and public information like loan history, delinquency records, credit card usage, and public taxation data, offering richer insights than prior studies. The results highlight the superior predictive accuracy of the CNN model. Anticipating local tax arrears more effectively could lead to efficient allocation of administrative resources. By leveraging advanced machine learning, this research offers a promising avenue for refining tax collection strategies and resource management.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

보험은 위험보장이라는 본래의 기능으로 세법에서 다른 금융상품보다 우대되어 왔다. 그러나 최근의 보험상품은 위험보장 뿐만 아니라 투자기능 및 저축기능이 결합된 다양한 방식으로 출시되고 있다. 더욱이 보험사의 판매방식이 절세전략, 조세회피 등과 관련된 컨설팅 등을 포함하고 있어 저축성 보험차익의 비과세와 관련된 조세정책에 비판이 제기되어 왔다. 이에 정부는 고액자산가의 조세회피방지와 타금융상품 간의 형평성 등을 위하여 2013년 소득세법 시행령 제25조를 개정하였지만 여전히 많은 문제점이 존재하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 저축성 보험차익에 대한 조세정책의 타당성을 2013년에 개정된 소득세법 시행령을 중심으로 살펴보고 이에 대한 개선방안을 도출하고자 하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2023

Purpose: This paper considers the issue of corporate tax avoidance (CTA) in the distribution of the tax burden across companies in Vietnam because the high level of CTA leads to unfairness in taxation. In particular, we aim for discussing the way to measure the extent of CTA and explore the determinants of CTA that reflect the features of high-tax risk-taking companies. Research design, data and methodology: The study investigates factors influencing the CTA behavior of legal entities listed on the Vietnam stock market between 2012 and 2018 to fill the empirical research vacuum in the country. we employ the dynamic GMM estimate method. Interestingly, CTA is considered through three approaches, including two effective-tax-rate-based methods and especially accrual earnings Results: The results highlight tax - accounting book disparities have significant effects on CTA. In addition, firm size, net asset value, debt leverage, and tax-accounting books are related to CTA. Conclusions: Tax avoidance is shown to have a positive correlation with financial distress in this case. The higher a company's capital adequacy ratio, the fewer tax avoidance opportunities it has. The paper draws some recommendations to deal with tax avoidance that improves the fairness in the distribution of the tax burden among corporations.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.205-229
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• 2007

This study analyzed relation with risk recognition degree by customs business of customs brokers and actuality insurance accident occurrence. These study finding that risk recognition by customs work area of customs brokers and actuality insurance accident occur did not agree. So customs brokers more elevate risk recognition of entry field, origin/trademark right, HS and customs tariff application, customs refund, price estimation that are high the insurance accident rate. and they may have to do emphasis administration through employee education and ability elevation. Specially, operation risk that is produced from charge employee's simplicity mistake who tax invoice omission, a tax use mistake, document nondelivery, notice dispatch delayed action, may have to manage through moral management and employee bylaws and education, employee guidance etc. Also, they publicize these contents to import and export enterprise, and practice risk management of high risk business in priority through education and public information. so we will have to make can do more effective risk management.

• 재무관리논총
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.171-211
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• 1995

Relatively little is known about the relationship between taxes and asset prices. Differential tax treatment of assets in the same risk class implies differential pricing. Conversely, the ability of tax-exempt investors to engage in tax arbitrage should drive any pricing differences away. The differential tax treatment of classes of US Treasury securities provides a straightforward setting for the examination of possible tax-effects in asset prices. Using the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross Term Structure Model as our framework, we examine the pricing of US Treasury securities over two distinct tax regimes. Evidence that tax effects are not arbitraged away is presented.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.255-268
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• 2017

본 연구는 기업의 CSR성과가 조세회피성향에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하며, 이러한 관련성이 최고경영자의 교체에 따라 차별적 영향력이 있는지를 알아보고자 한다. CSR 관련 연구는 지금까지 많은 주제와 연관되어 이루어졌으나, 어느 분야에서도 일관된 연구결과는 보고되지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 기존의 연구방법과는 달리 다른 영향요인을 추가하는 메커니즘으로 접근하고자 한다. 즉, 선행연구를 다음과 같은 방법으로 확장하였다. 첫째, 선행연구들은 CSR활동과 조세회피의 관련성 또는 CSR활동과 최고경영자의 교체 등의 개별적 주제로 다루어왔으나, 본 연구는 이러한 주제를 관련지어 CSR성과와 조세회피관련성에 CEO교체가 추가적인 역할을 하는지를 알아보고자 한다. 연구 결과를 요약하면, 첫째, CSR활동에 적극적인 기업은 최고경영자교체에 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 최고경영자의 교체확률이 더 높음을 확인할 수 있었고, 둘째, CSR성과와 조세회피는 음(-)의 관계가 나타나 적극적으로 CSR활동을 이행하는 기업은 공격적 조세회피성향이 감소함을 확인하였다. 셋째, CSR활동기업의 조세회피성향에 최고경영자의 교체가 영향을 미치는지를 알아본 결과, 적극적인 CSR활동기업은 최고경영자의 교체 후, 조세회피성향은 완화됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 기업의 적극적인 CSR이행 효과가 기업의 주요 관심사인 현 상황에서, 기업의 주요 의사결정인 경영자교체와 관련지어 조세회피성향에 미치는 영향을 분석하였음에 의미를 찾을 수 있다.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.83-98
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• 2018

본 논문은 최근 생겨난 장외시장인 K-OTC 시장에서 금융상품이 거래되어 과세될 경우 거래세와 양도세의 차이에 대해 이론적으로 접근해 보고자 한다. 또한 합성채권을 구성하여 위험을 헤지하고자 할 때 포트폴리오로 구성된 금융 상품의 과세 방법에 따라 투자자들이 추구하는 수준까지 위험을 줄이기 어렵기 때문에 이를 효과적으로 적용할 수 있는 조세 방법을 살펴보고자 한다. 무엇보다 합성채권의 과세 형평성을 구체적으로 살펴보기 위해 K-OTC 시장 안에서 기말주가변화와 행사가격변화에 따라 합성채권에 부과된 거래세와 양도세의 효과 및 소득공제 유무에 따라 어떻게 세후이익이 차이가 나는지 분석해 보고자 하였다. 연구 결과 기말 주가변화에 따른 거래세와 양도세의 조세 갭을 통해 거래세 효과가 양도세 효과보다 조세 갭이 훨씬 적으므로 어느 정도 복제포트폴리오로 헤지를 구성함에 있어서는 거래세를 부과하는 것이 조세 정책적 목적 및 금융시장 측면에서 조금 더 효율적일 수 있음을 보여주었다. 또한 소득공제 허용 여부는 행사가격의 변화에 따라 거래세와 양도세의 효과가 차이가 있음을 나타내었다. 무엇보다 행사가격이 주가보다 낮아지면 거래세가 양도세보다 소득공제 유무의 영향을 덜 받는 것으로 나타났으나, 행사가격이 주가보다 높아지면 거래세와 양도세 모두 소득공제 유무의 영향이 동일함을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로의 과제는 실제 금융상품을 대상으로 K-OTC시장에서 실증 검증하는 것이며 아울러 옵션 거래세를 산정함에 비율 분석으로 접근하여 좀 더 체계적인 헤지 방법을 찾아보는 것이다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2021

This study examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects corporate tax avoidance behavior. Using a sample of publicly listed U.S. firms, we find that legal CSR-which is required by law-reduces the level of corporate tax avoidance because this type of CSR reduces information asymmetry between investors and corporate management in such a way that investors are less likely to perceive tax avoidance behavior as a risk. On the other hand, we find that the relationship between normative CSR-which is a voluntary type of CSR behavior-and tax avoidance is not statistically significant. Instead, our additional analysis reveals that normative CSR increases the level of corporate tax avoidance conditional on reporting quality. This study provides meaningful implications to the academic literature and to practitioners. Not only does this study highlight the fact that not all CSR are alike, it highlights that it is important to provide transparent CSR information in order to allow stakeholders to estimate the net effects of firms' CSR activities and tax payment.