• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.181-187
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• 2012

This study inquires into what effect the tax burden of investors, for typical taxes related to real estate investment; acquisition tax, comprehensive real estate holding tax, and transfer income tax, might have on the real estate investment behaviors; the purpose of long-term investment. These real estate investment behaviors have been analyzed to see how much they affect investment performance such as realized compound yield. This study model, which considers the fact that the choice of investment behavior for the degree of tax burden of investors may lead to different results in real estate investment, is expected to be an effective decision-making tool for investment.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.145-168
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• 2004

In industrialised countries, innovation is a key source of economic growth. Research is a key driver of technological innovation and involves the process of systematic investigation and/or experimentation to discover new knowledge. The Governments' industry innovation policy supports a business focus on Research and Development (R&D) through a range of programs in order to achieve these aims. The Innovation Statement (DISR 2000, 20010, launched by the Australian Prime Minister in January 2001, commits an additional $3 billion overfive years to encourage and support innovation. The Australian Government aims to build world competitive firms and strong research capability in industry to strengthen Australia's international competitiveness and increase national prosperity. It develops policies and programs to enhance investment in innovation. The Australian Government has established a number of R&D funding support programs aimed at increasing the level of R&D in Australia. The backbone of these programs is the tax concession program, which is made up of the 125 per cent R&D tax concession, the 175 per cent premium tax concession and the tax offset. Over 4000 businesses take advantage of the tax concession scheme, which costs the government around $400-million a year. This cost is expected to rise to over half a billion by 2005-06 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2003). Ensuring these resources are invested where they provide significant national economic benefits is a major policy issue. In this sense, this paper looks at the appropriateness, effectiveness and efficiency of the R&D tax concession with costs and benefits analysis.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.131-148
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• 2021

This study examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects corporate tax avoidance behavior. Using a sample of publicly listed U.S. firms, we find that legal CSR-which is required by law-reduces the level of corporate tax avoidance because this type of CSR reduces information asymmetry between investors and corporate management in such a way that investors are less likely to perceive tax avoidance behavior as a risk. On the other hand, we find that the relationship between normative CSR-which is a voluntary type of CSR behavior-and tax avoidance is not statistically significant. Instead, our additional analysis reveals that normative CSR increases the level of corporate tax avoidance conditional on reporting quality. This study provides meaningful implications to the academic literature and to practitioners. Not only does this study highlight the fact that not all CSR are alike, it highlights that it is important to provide transparent CSR information in order to allow stakeholders to estimate the net effects of firms' CSR activities and tax payment.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.17
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• pp.335-358
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is in investigating the tax clients for their relationship with tax preparers and the general levels of characteristics for the taxation objects, and establishing significant relationships of the two major factors-satisfaction factors and characteristics of the clients-on the satisfaction of the clients. The results of this study will provide an important basic data required for rational management of tax clients. A total of 20 sub-hypotheses were used, which can essentially be summarized into the following three major statements. The hypotheses investigation results can be summarized as below. First, as for the characteristic factors of the preparer, the taxation knowledge factor and the client satisfaction factor were found to be in a significant median positive relationship, and the experience factor and the client satisfaction factor were found to be in a relatively less significant relationship. Second, the factor on the relationship with the preparer and the client satisfaction factor were all found to be in a highly significant positive relationship. Third, in order to measure the characteristics of the taxation objects, relationships between potential tax reductions factor, probability of taxable income adjustments factor, and the client satisfaction factor were analyzed, and they were found to have positive relationships of relatively high significance. Fourth, the average for the client satisfaction factor by industry was found to be the highest for the manufacturing industry, followed by wholesalers and retailers. Other sectors showed little deviation from the average of 4.9, but this factor was not statistically significant. Fifth, the average difference examination of the satisfaction levels for the clients with or without experience of taxable income adjustments showed that those without experience of taxable income adjustments had higher satisfaction levels. Sixth, 12 study hypotheses had been proposed in order to investigate the relationship between the client satisfaction factors and the client satisfaction levels according to the characteristics of clients. Among the 12 sub-hypotheses, except for the study hypothesis of investigating the relationship between the tax preparer's taxation knowledge and the client's satisfaction levels according to the experience of taxable income adjustments, 11 study hypotheses were all not adopted.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2016

Tax-Refund System for foreign tourists is constantly increasing trend because of the discount effect of product. However, in order to get Tax-Refund, foreign tourists are supposed to keep a refund statement of paper issued after the purchases and the existing refund windows involve complicated procedure and poor accessibility, which causes the inconvenience. After recognizing the problems, K company has implemented information systems to relieve the discomfort of the Tax-Refund service by streamlining and reforming complex and inconvenient procedures of the Tax-Refund service so that it is able to plan the shopping convenience of foreign tourists. The K's information system is considered good practice to show that they can play a key role under the competitive environment with the corporate information system that is an essential element in achieving a competitive advantage.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

Countries around the world have been engaging in automatic exchange of information to tackle tax evasion. The same goal became the basis of the enactment of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) by the United States Congress. In order to establish a common approach to counter tax evasion among different countries, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) released the Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information in Tax Matters which consists of the Competent Authority Agreement (CAA) and the Common Reporting Standard (CRS). Specifically, the automatic exchange of information is the exchange of financial account information between Tax Authorities in relevant countries. The law requires this information to be collected by financial institutions around the world for reporting to Tax Authorities. Automatic exchange of Information is made up of two information sharing frameworks: The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) and The Common Reporting Standard (CRS). Under the automatic exchange of information, all financial institutions must identify accounts held by customers who are foreign tax residents or entities connected to foreign tax residents. Financial institutions must report these to the relevant Tax Authority who will then automatically exchange the account information with the relevant foreign Tax Authorities. Korean government has enacted domestic laws to require financial institutions to collect and report this information and has entered into international agreements to exchange the information with other governments. This paper analyzed the FATCA and CRS rules overall and proposed solutions for the legal and practical issues. This paper contributes to the existing literature on the automatic exchange of information by considering two information sharing frameworks.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.555-569
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• 2020

This study examines the impact of corporate tax, a fiscal measure along with trade liberalization and research and development on total factor productivity for a panel of 153 industrial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 1997-2017. For empirical analysis, we employ the system generalized method of moment estimator. In the first step, we estimate industrial production function and the results reveal that raw material, industrial labour force and energy play vital role in enhancing industrial production. Whereas, industrial capital exerts negative impact on industrial output. We also measured total factor productivity using the production elasticities. In the second step, we examine the impact of corporate tax, trade liberalization and research and development on total factor productivity. The results indicate that higher level of corporate tax exerts negative impact on total factor productivity. The findings reveal that higher corporate taxation discourages industrial firms to undertake research and development thereby exerting adverse impact on total factor productivity of firms. The impact of trade liberalization proxied by average tariff is positive while customs duty and sales tax negatively impact firm-level total factor productivity. These findings provide useful insights for managers, investors and policy makers in Pakistan.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2021

The study investigates the impact of the environmental protection tax, along with other factors such as attitude, subjective norm, environmental concern, and the availability of substitutes on the use of plastic bags in Vietnam. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire was prepared for data collection. The questionnaire employed a 5-point Likert scale with "completely disagree" at 1 and "completely agree" at 5. A total of 327 questionnaires were returned. However, only 291 valid responders were used in the analysis. The Cronbach's Alpha and the exploratory factor analysis were applied to test the scale reliability and discover the structure of the scales. Afterwards, we conducted the confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equation modeling to analyze collected data. The study shows that attitude is an important factor influencing the plastic bag use of consumers. Other factors that also lead to a decline in plastic bags are subjective norm and environmental concern. Meanwhile, the availability of substitutes does not affect consumers' green behavior. Moreover, the major findings of the research suggest the relationship between the environmental protection tax and the use of plastic bags is not statistically significant. In other words, tax policy may fail to change the habit of using plastic bags in Vietnam.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.81-86
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• 2018

Purposes: The purpose of this study is to argue that the taxation system for non-for-profit medical institution in Korea should be revised and that the basic direction should be to expand tax exemption like the US. Methods: We analyzed the US context of taxation policy for non-for-profit medical institutions and compared the US and Korean situation. Findings: In the United States, for-profit or non-for-profit medical institutions eternities are the most important criteria for hospital classification. Basically, full tax-exemption has been applied for non-for-profit medical institutions. The reason why many hospitals maintain their status as non-for-profit are following. First, the American society places great importance on the social responsibility and role of non-for-profit hospitals. Second, maintaining the status of non-for profit medical institutions is financially beneficial while maintaining good social reputation. The most powerful financial incentives are tax deductions and tax deductions for donations. Practical Implications: How will the taxation system for medical institutions in Korea be reformed in the future? First, if Korean government do not allow for-profit medical institutions, Korean government should consider implementing a full tax exemption system suitable for non-profit medical institutions like the US. Second, there are many variation in taxation for non-for-profit medical institution according to their legal positions. Therefore, current taxation system should be revised. Third, the reorganization of such taxation system should be in a direction that can finally encourage community benefit activities of medical institutions of nonprofit hospitals.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

Insurance has been preferential treatment than other financial products for risk ensure as a original function in tax law. However, the recent insurance products is being released in a variety of ways combined with investment and savings, as well as risk ensure. In addition, as the insurer's sales approach including to tax avoidance, tax saving strategies, tax policy associated with the tax-free savings-type insurance has been criticized. The government amended Article 25 of the Enforcement Decree of the Income Tax Act 2013 in order to prevent tax avoidance and equity among other financial instruments, but there are still many problems exist. this study looks for the validity of the tax policies of savings-type insurance In terms of the Enforcement Decree of the Income Tax Act as amended in 2013, and derived for ways to improve.