• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2012

Recently, as reinforced water quality standards for wastewater has been announced, more efficient and more powerful wastewater treatment processes are required rather than the existing activated sludge process. In order to meet this demands, we evaluate Task 1-4 about lab scale $A_{2}O$　process using biofilm media. Task 1, 2, and 3 use 'Module A' which has 4 partitions (Anoxic/Anerobic/Oxic/Oxic). Task 4 uses 'Module B' which has 2 partitions including a denitrification reactor with an Inclined plug flow reactor (IPFR) and a nitrification reactor with biofilm media. The denitrification reactor of Module B is designed to be upward flow using IPFR. The result of evaluating at each Task has shown that attached growth system has better capacity of removal efficiency for organic matter and nitrogen with the exception of phosphorus.　Task 4 which has the most outstanding removal efficiency has 90.5% of $BOD_{5}$ removal efficiency, 97.8% of ${NH_4}^{+}-N$ removal efficiency, 65% of T-N removal efficiency and 92% of T-P removal efficiency with additional chemical phosphorus removal system operated at HRT 9hr, Qi:Qir 1:2, and BOD/T-N ratio 2.7.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of counterfactual reasoning which children undergo, based on mental model theory and dual process theory. The subjects were 120 four-year-olds and 120 five-year-olds from Ulsan. Counterfactual reasoning task conditions were created, including task type and content, which were type 1-specific, type 1-general, type 2-specific, type 2-general. There were two stories used for each task condition. Children's counterfactual reasoning score range was 0 to 8. Data were analyzed using SPSS by mean, standard deviation, one sample t-test, repeated measures of Anova. The results of this study were as follows. First, children's counterfactual reasoning was above chance level regardless of the task condition. Second, children's counterfactual reasoning was lowest when type 1-specific or type 2-specific tasks were given, slightly higher when type1-general tasks were given, and the highest when type 2-general tasks were given. There was no significant difference between 4-year-old and 5-year-old children's counterfactual reasoning.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2016

Several task clustering heuristics are proposed for allocating tasks in heterogeneous systems to achieve a good response time in data intensive jobs. However, one of the challenging problems is the process in task scheduling after task allocation by task clustering. We propose a task scheduling method after task clustering, leveraging worst schedule length (WSL) as an upper bound of the schedule length. In our proposed method, a task in a WSL sequence is scheduled preferentially to make the WSL smaller. Experimental results by simulation show that the response time is improved in several task clustering heuristics. In particular, our proposed scheduling method with the task clustering outperforms conventional list-based task scheduling methods.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2010

Electroencephalogram(EEG) would be the most objective psychophysiological research technique on human errors though few research has been taken yet. This study aimed to get characteristics of human error while committing simple Odd-Ball tasks by utilizing the power spectrum technique of EEG data. Each experiment was composed of 3 tasks with different rules, and 8 young undergraduate students participated in this study as paid subjects. The result showed in the affirmative that subject and the interaction of subject and task factors were statistically significant on variation of $\alpha$ band power $P_{\alpha/(\alpha+\beta+\theta)}$ and $\beta$ band power $P_{\beta/(\alpha+\beta+\theta)}$, and that the former increasing in backward direction to Pz reflects compatibility whereas the latter increasing in forward direction to Fz reflects familiarity. Therefore it was coucluded that, since task 2 carried out in the present research requiring decoding process would be more difficult to human beings than the task merely requiring psychological recall process, task 1 and task 3 were classified into a homogenious group excluding task 2, and the ratio $\alpha$ band power to $\beta$ band power indicated enormous increase of $\alpha$ band power relative to $\beta$ band power in the cases of contra-lateral errors, especially in task 2.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2023

Assembly tasks are difficult to fully automate due to uncertain errors occurring in unstructured environments. When assembling parts such as electrical connectors, advances in grasping and assembling technology have made it possible for the robot to assemble the connectors without the aid of humans. However, some parts with tight assembly tolerances should be assembled by humans. Therefore, task sharing with human-robot interaction is emerging as an alternative. The goal of this concept is to achieve shared autonomy, which reduces the efforts of humans when carrying out repetitive tasks. In this study, a task-sharing robotic system for assembly process has been proposed to achieve shared autonomy. This system consists of two parts, one for robotic grasping and assembly, and the other for monitoring the process for robot-human task sharing. Experimental results show that robots and humans share tasks efficiently while performing assembly tasks successfully.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2008

Electroencephalogram(EEG) would be the most objective psychophysiological research technique on human errors though few research has been taken yet. This study aimed to get characteristics of human error while committing simple Odd-Ball tasks by utilizing the power spectrum technique of EEG data. Each experiment was composed of 3 tasks with different rules, and three young undergraduate students participated in this study as paid subjects. The result showed that subject and the interaction of subject and task factors were statistically significant on variation of power of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ bands which implied there would exist groups with homogeneity in their response. And though the variation of band powers due to task factors were not so great as to get statistical significance, it implied that the task requiring decoding process would be more strange to human beings than the task merely requiring psychological recall process.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.49-54
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• 2008

In order to do a maintenance task, a maintenance operator should learn the basic skills of the maintenance task such as assembly and disassembly (A/D). However, the key of the learning process is to learn the A/D task intuitively and naturally. Haptic guidance promises to give effectiveness and benefit qualitatively since a person can be trained to do the optimal task based on information that comes from an expert, database, or intelligent algorithms. By applying haptic guidance, a maintenance training process can be made more intuitive and natural in a virtual environment. This paper describes the development of a maintenance training system by using haptic guidance.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2007

Recently, the machine tools called multi-task machines, which mounted rotary axes on the table or spindle are used increasingly. Accordingly, multi-task machine tool takes a growing interest on the motion accuracy of feed drive system. In this study, measurement and diagnosis of motion errors ware attempted from circular pattern obtained by using DBB (Double ball bar) device. Those were obtained at both clockwise and counter clockwise motions in mutually perpendicularly intersecting three planes. The reliability of error measurement system for multi-task machine tool was verified by the direct test cutting.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2007

Recently, the machine tools called multi-task machines, which mounted rotary axes on the table or spindle are used increasingly. Accordingly, multi-task machine tool takes a growing interest on the motion accuracy of feed drive system. In this study, measurement and diagnosis of motion errors ware attempted from circular pattern obtained by using DBB (Double ball bar) device. Those were obtained at both clockwise and counter clockwise motions in mutually perpendicularly intersecting three planes. The reliability of error measurement system for multi-task machine tool was verified by the direct test cutting.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2017

Objectives : In this paper, we proposed a method to comprehensively examine the roles of medical insurance review nurses' by analyses of task importance and task performance. Methods : For the analyses, we used the responsesof 268 nurses who completed a questionnaire for members of the Medical Insurance Review Nurses Association in 2015, and analyzed task importance and task performance using the IPA method and the standard task guide. Results : There were significant differences in task importance and task performance according to task position. In the category of 'Keep up the good work,' 'Calculate benefit standard' was indicated only in administrative positions, and in the category of 'Concentrate here,' 'Manage hospital resources' and 'Process after appeal results' was demonstrated only in general positions. There were differences in the 'Low priority' and 'Possible overkill' categories by task performance according to task position. Conclusions : Our results indicate the necessity of a new education system and task reassignment according to task importance and task performance as perceived by medical insurance review nurses.