• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.283-293
• /
• 2023

Objectives : Native to East Asia, Japan, and Korea, Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold (CJ) is renowned for its aromatic leaves and bark. We previously assessed the antioxidant activity of fractionated CJ branches (CJB:70% EtOH extract), including hexane (CJB1), chloroform (CJB2), ethyl acetate (CJB3), butanol (CJB4), and water (CJB5). Our findings revealed that CJB3 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Here, we aimed to investigate whether CJB3 possesses cytoprotective effects and induces the activity of antioxidant enzymes in hepatocytes. Methods : As HepG2 cells were the first to exhibit the key characteristics of hepatocytes, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of CJB3 on HepG2 cells. Results : Before conducting the cell experiment, we checked that CJB3, up to a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL, did not exhibit cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells. ROS production increased because of t-BHP treatment decreased in a concentration-dependent manner upon CJB3 treatment. We confirmed that CJB3 inhibited t-BHP-induced cell death. CJB3 was found to reverse the expression of proteins associated with t-BHP-induced apoptosis. We also observed that CJB3 induced Nrf2 phosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. And, CJB3 treatment caused a time-dependent enhancement of GCL and NQO1 protein expression. We further confirmed that CJB3 increased the expression of Nrf2 target genes, and this effect was associated with the activation of JNK, p38, and AMPK. Conclusion : CJB3 prevents t-BHP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and enhances the expression of Nrf2 target genes via JNK, p38, and AMPK activation. These results suggest that CJB3 is a promising candidate for the treatment of liver diseases.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.591-598
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 국내에서 소비되는 약용작물 중 경제적 가치가 높은 백출의 조직배양체계 확립을 위해 수행되었다. 공시재료로는 중국백출(A. macrocephala)과 한국자생백출(A. japonica)의 교잡종인 '다출' 품종의 뿌리와 액아를 이용하였다. 뿌리배양을 위해 BAP, 2-iP, IBA, NAA를 혼용 처리한 결과, 캘러스 유도율은 BAP 처리군에서 다소 높았으나, 캘러스 증식 및 뿌리의 유도에는 2-iP 처리가 효과적이었다. 뿌리조직은 낮은 싸이토키닌의 농도와 높은 옥신의 농도에서 캘러스 유도 및 증식이 원활하였으나 식물체 재분화에는 적합하지 않았다. 백출의 액아배양 시 BAP와 NAA의 혼용처리가 2-iP와 NAA 혹은 IBA 처리보다 재분화식물체 생산에 효과적이었다. 1.0 mg/L BAP와 1.0 mg/L NAA 조건에서 액아 당 신초 출현 수가 3.8개로 가장 많았고, 경직경이 5.0 mm 이상으로 양호하였다. 그러나 BAP를 2-iP로 대치하는 경우 재분화 식물체의 초장은 큰 경향을 보이나 액아 당 재분화 식물체의 수가 적은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 Sucrose 농도를 70 g/L로 하는 경우 액아로부터 재분화한 식물체의 뿌리 비대에 효과적이었다. 본 실험 결과, 백출의 기내 대량증식을 위한 조직으로는 뿌리보다 액아조직이 효율적이며, 식물의 재분화에는 1.0 mg/L BAP와 1.0 mg/L NAA 적합하고, 고농도의 sucrose가 뿌리 비대에 유용한 것으로 사료된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제30권12호
• /
• pp.2993-2998
• /
• 2009

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-on-a-chip (EOC) biosensor combined with cell concentration technology based on immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) was investigated for use as a potential tool for early screening of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) in food products. The target analyte is a well-known pathogenic foodborne microorganism and outbreaks of the food poisoning typically occur due to contamination of normal food products. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a rapid and reliable sensor that could be utilized on a daily basis to test food products for the presence of this pathogenic microorganism. The sensor was optimized to provide a high detection capability (e.g., 5.9 ${\times}\;10^3$ cells/mL) and, to eventually minimize cultivation time. The cell density was condensed using IMS prior to analysis. Since the concentration rate of IMS was greater than 100-fold, this combination resulted in a detection limit of 54 cells/mL. The EOC-IMS coupled analytical system was then applied to a real sample test of fish intestines. The system was able to detect L. monocytogenes at a concentration of 2.4 CFU/g after pre-enrichment for 6 h from the onset of cell cultivation. This may allow us to monitor the target analyte at a concentration less than 1 CFU/g within a 9 h-cultivation provided a doubling time of 40 min is typically maintained. Based on this estimation, the EOC-IMS system can screen and detect the presence of this microorganism in food products almost within working hours.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2014

In the results of monitoring nitrate concentration in more than 8,000 groundwater wells around agro-livestock, the average and maximum nitrate concentration was 9.4 mg/L and 101.2 mg/L, respectively. Since about 31% of the monitoring wells was exceed the quality standard for drinking water, nitrate control such as remediation or source regulation is required to conserve safe-groundwater in South Korea. Typical nitrate-treatment technologies include ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and biological denitrification. Among the treatment methods, biological denitrification by indigenous microorganism has environmental and economic advantages for the complete elimination of nitrate because of lower operating costs compared to other methods. Major mechanism of the process is microbial reduction of nitrate to nitrite and nitrogen gas. Three functional genes (nosZ, nirK, nirS) that encode for the enzyme involved in the pathway. In this work, we tried to develop simple process to determine possibility of natural denitrification reaction by monitoring the functional gene. For the work, the functional genes in nitrate-contaminated groundwater were monitored by using PCR with specific target primers. In the result, functional genes (nosZ and nirK) encoding denitrification enzymes were detected in the groundwater samples. This method can help to determine the possibility of natural-nitrate degradation in target groundwater wells without multiplex experimental process. In addition, for field-remediation application we selected nitrate-contaminated site where 200~600 mg/L of nitrate is continuously detected. To determine the possibility of nitrate-degradation by stimulated-natural attenuation, groundwater was sampled in two different wells of the site and nitrate concentration of the samples was 300 mg/L and 616 mg/L, respectively. Fumarate for different C/N ratio was added into microcosm bottles containing the groundwater to examine denitrification rate depending on carbon concentration. In the result, once 1.5 times more than amount of fumarate stoichiometry required was added, the 616 mg/L of nitrate and 300 mg/L of nitrate were completely degraded in 8 days and 30 days. The nitrite, byproduct of denitrification process, was also completely degraded during the experimental period.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.217-229
• /
• 2016

The government has conducted a plan of total maximum daily loads(TMDL), which divides with unit watershed, for management of stable water quality target by setting the permitted total amount of the pollutant. In this study, BOD concentration trends over the last 10 years from 2005 to 2014 were analyzed in the Geumho river. Improvement effect of water quality throughout the implementation period of TMDL was evaluated using the seasonal Mann-Kendall test and a LOWESS(locally weighted scatter plot smoother) smooth. As a study result of the seasonal Mann-Kendall test and the LOWESS smooth, BOD concentration in the Geumho river appeared to have been reduced or held at a constant. As a result of quantitatively analysis for BOD concentration with exploratory data analysis(EDA), the mean and the median of BOD concentration appeared in the order of GH8 > GH7 > GH6 > GH5 > GH4 > GH3 > GH2 > GH1. The monthly average concentration of BOD appeared in the order of Apr > Mar > Feb >May > Jun > Jul > Jan > Aug > Sep > Dec > Nov > Oct. As a result of the outlier, its value was the most frequent in February, which is estimated 1.5 times more than July, and was smallest frequent in July. The outlier in terms of water quality management is necessary in order to establish a management plan for the contaminants in watershed.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.1011-1016
• /
• 2006

Recently, volatile organic compound(VOC) has been noted as a main cause of air pollution. VOC, with its toxic and offensive odor, is hazardous to health. Furthermore indoor, underground and hish-rise buildings are preferable living spaces. People spend more than 80% of the day indoor, so indoor air pollution is a matter of importance. In Korea, from 2004, 10 types of indoor pollutants in public facilities have been identified. However, there is no standard for individual VOC, so the regulation has not yet effectively been carried out. In this study, we have studied on the diffusion of Benzene in a room using a numerical analysis for various air-controlled conditions consisted of door, window and ventilation system. This study investigates spatial concentration distribution and time-history of room-averaged benzene concentration for several cases. The results of this study show that when the room is ventilated by a small fan only for 30 minutes, the average concentration of benzene is decreased a very little, thus the impact to human body would be serious compared to the case of natural ventilation by window and door, In the case of natural ventilation by window and door, if the wind speed is higher than 0.5m/s, it takes small than 4 minutes for benzene to spread to the target concentration of $1.2mg/m^3$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 반도체 재료 센서 박막재료 전자세라믹스
• /
• pp.38-41
• /
• 2004

The oxidizer plays an important role in the metal chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) slurry. Currently, the oxidizer used in CMP slurry is nearly divided into several kinds such as $Fe(NO_3)_3$, $H_2O_2$, $KIO_3$, and $H_5IO_6$. It is generally known that oxidizer character of $H_2O_2$ is more effective than other oxidizers. In this work, we have been studied the characteristics for the $H_2O_2$ concentration of copper slurry, which can applicable in the recent semiconductor manufacturing process. Also, it plays an important role in the planarization of copper films using copper slurries during micro-electronic device fabrication. In this work, we confirmed that removal rate of Cu/TaN changed by $H_2O_2$ concentration on copper slurry. And we used $KMnO_4$ in the measurement method of $H_2O_2$. In analysis results, we confirmed that the difference of results is large. We thought that the difference was due to organic component existence. So in titration method of $H_2O_2$ concentration, we used $Na_2S_2O_3$ instead of $KMnO_4$ as solution. Consequently, using the titration method, we could calculate correct data reduced error. And $H_2O_2$ concentration has been adjusted to the target concentration of 0.1 wt%.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 2023

The Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences plans to produce ²²⁵Ac, a therapeutic radio-pharmaceutical for precision oncology, such as prostate cancer. Radon, a radioactive gas, is generated by radium, the target material for producing ²²⁵Ac. The radon concentration is expected to be about 2000 Bq·m^-3. High-concentration radon-generating facilities must meet radioactive isotope emission standards by lowering the radon concentration. However, most existing studies concerning radon removal using activated carbon filters measured radon levels at concentrations lower than 1000 Bq·m^-3. This study measured ²²²Rn removal of coconut-based activated carbon filter under a high radon concentration of about 2000 Bq·m^-3. The ²²²Rn removal efficiency of activated carbon impregnated with triethylenediamine was also measured. As a result, the ²²²Rn removal amount of the activated carbon filter showed sufficient removal efficiency in a ²²²Rn concentration environment of about 2000 Bq·m^-3. In addition, despite an expectation of low radon reduction efficiency of Triethylenediamine-impregnated activated carbon, it was difficult to confirm a significant difference in the results. Therefore, it is considered that activated carbon can be used as a radioisotope exhaust filter regardless of whether or not Triethylenediamine is impregnated. The results of this study are expected to be used as primary data when building an air purification system for radiation safety management in facilities with radon concentrations of about 2000 Bq·m^-3.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 실내 라돈 가스의 농도를 낮추기 위한 방법을 찾기 위해 건물의 준공연도, 건물의 용적, 환기 세 가지 변수에 따른 실내 라돈 농도를 비교, 측정하여 그 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 측정은 1973년에 건축이 되었고, 2011년에 증축이 된 건물의 6층을 대상으로 용적이 서로 다르고 준공연도가 1973년과 2011년인 6개의 강의실을 측정하였다. 준공연도에 따른 라돈농도를 비교하기 위해 4개의 강의실을 선정하였고, 용적에 따른 라돈농도를 비교하기 위해 준공연도가 같고 용적이 다른 강의실을 선정하였고, 환기에 따른 라돈농도를 비교하기 위해 6개의 강의실의 폐쇄와 환기를 시행하였다. 결과적으로 준공연도에 따른 라돈농도는 최근에 지어진 건물에서 라돈농도가 최대 4배 높게 나타났으며, 용적에 따른 라돈농도는 용적이 작을수록 높게 나타났다. 환기에 따른 라돈농도의 변화는 폐쇄 시보다 환기를 할 경우 약 80%의 감소율을 보였다. 특히, 준공연도가 최근이면서 용적이 작을수록 라돈농도가 높게 검출되었고, 세 가지 변수 중 환기가 라돈농도 감소에 가장 큰 영향을 끼쳐 라돈에 의한 피폭감소 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.340-340
• /
• 2016

We have prepared alumina (Al2O3) doped zinc oxide (AZO) films by DC magnetron sputtering (MS) technique and obtained higher self surface texturing at a high target angle (f). We have characterized the films and applied it as a front electrode of a single junction amorphous silicon solar cell. At a lower f the deposited films show higher values of optical gap (Eg), charge carriers mobility & concentration, crystallite grain size and wider wavelength range of transmission. At higher target angle the sheet resistance, surface roughness, haze factor etc for the films increase. For f=72.5o the haze factor for diffused transmission becomes 6.46% at 540 nm wavelength. At f=72.5o the material shows a reduction in crystallinity and evolution of a hemispherical-type sub-micron surface textures. A Monte Carlo method (MCM) of simulation of the AZO film deposition shows that such an enhanced self-surface texturing of the films at higher f is possible.