• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.185-189
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• 2006

Optimum tapping size and number for sap collection were investigated to minimize damage on tree growth and secure resources for sap by sap collection of Acer mono. The amounts of sap collected by tapping size of 12 mm, 10 mm and 8 mm was 189 L, 140 L and 193 L, respectively. Fusion rates by tapping size were 100% for 8 mm, 89% for 10 mm and 85% for 12 mm, respectively. Amount of sap by size and number of tapping were much at three, two and three tappings to small, middle and large diameter tree in case of 8 mm tapping, and it was large in quantity at two tappings of 12 mm tapping to large diameter tree, respectively. Trees tapped from one to three tappings of 8 mm size for small diameter tree with treatment of DB ointment (mixture of thiophane ointment and 2% bamboo charcoal powder) were completely filled up within 6 months. Diameter growth by number of tapping of 8 mm size was 0.60 mm for one tapping, 1.12 mm for two tappings and 0.47 mm for three tappings to small, middle and large diameter tree, respectively. In case of 12 mm tapping size, diameter growth was fast in the order of large (0.55 mm), middle (0.30 mm) and small (0.23 mm) diameter tree, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Objective : The diagnosis of shunt malfunction can be challenging since neuroimaging results are not always correlated with clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a simple, minimally invasive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lumbar tapping test that predicts shunt under-drainage in hydrocephalus patients. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological features of 48 patients who underwent routine CSF lumbar tapping after ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) operation using a programmable shunting device. We compared shunt valve opening pressure and CSF lumbar tapping pressure to check under-drainage. Results : The mean pressure difference between valve opening pressure and CSF lumbar tapping pressure of all patients were $2.21{\pm}24.57mmH_2O$. The frequency of CSF lumbar tapping was $2.06{\pm}1.26times$. Eighty five times lumbar tapping of 41 patients showed that their VPS function was normal which was consistent with clinical improvement and decreased ventricle size on computed tomography scan. The mean pressure difference in these patients was $-3.69{\pm}19.20mmH_2O$. The mean frequency of CSF lumbar tapping was $2.07{\pm}1.25times$. Fourteen cases of 10 patients revealed suspected VPS malfunction which were consistent with radiological results and clinical symptoms, defined as changes in ventricle size and no clinical improvement. The mean pressure difference was $38.07{\pm}23.58mmH_2O$. The mean frequency of CSF lumbar tapping was $1.44{\pm}1.01times$. Pressure difference greater than $35mmH_2O$ was shown in 2.35% of the normal VPS function group (2 of 85) whereas it was shown in 64.29% of the suspected VPS malfunction group (9 of 14). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.000001). Among 10 patients with under-drainage, 5 patients underwent shunt revision. The causes of the shunt malfunction included 3 cases of proximal occlusion and 2 cases of distal obstruction and valve malfunction. Conclusion : Under-drainage of CSF should be suspected if CSF lumbar tapping pressure is $35mmH_2O$ higher than the valve opening pressure and shunt malfunction evaluation or adjustment of the valve opening pressure should be made.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.52-58
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• 2011

Purpose: Modifications of implant design have been related to improving initial stability. The purpose of this study was to investigate their respective effect on initial stability between two tapered implant systems (self-tapping vs. non-self-tapping) in medium density bone using three different analytic methods. Materials and Methods: Self-tapping implant (GS III$^{(R)}$; Osstem Implant Co., Busan, Korea) and non-self-tapping implant (Replace Select$^{(R)}$; Nobel Biocare, G$\H{o}$teborg, Sweden) were investigated. In Solid rigid polyurethane blocks of artificially simulated Quality 2 bone, each of the 5 implants was inserted according to the manufacturer's instructions for medium-bone drilling protocol. Evaluation of initial stability was carried out by recording the maximum insertion torque (IT) and performing the resonance frequency analysis (RFA), and the pull-out test. Results: The IT and RFA values of self-tapping implant were significantly higher than those of non self-tapping implant (P=.009 and P=.047, respectively). In the pull-out values, no significant differences were found in implants between two groups (P=.117). Within each implant system, no statistically significant correlation was found among three different outcome variables. Conclusions: These findings suggest that design characteristics of implant geometry significantly influence the initial stability in medium bone density.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.243-246
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• 2000

Productivty of tapping has been increasing through the tcchnological advances in synchronization between spindle rotation and feed motion even in the high spindle speed. However, not much researches have been conducted about tapping process because its complicate cutting mechanism. In order ta investigate the characteristics of the tapping process, this paper concentrates on the analysis of curting torque behavior during one cycle of lapping. As one completc thread is performed through the whole chamfer ercuttlng, cutting torque increases highly in chamfer cutting, but smaothly in full thread cutting Functioning of the threads guide. Cutting torque in backward cutting is smaller than in Sorwerd cutting due to only friction farce in against between the tool and workpiece. And torque behavior of a periodic Sine ripple-mark was identified during one revolution of a tap.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2011

The present study was carried out from September 2007 to February 2008 in Umfakarin natural forest reserve, South Kordofan, Sudan. The objective was to analyze the effect of different management strategies on yield of gum talha from Acacia seyal. A total of 493 single target trees were selected, based on their diameters, and assigned to tapping treatments in three different stand densities (making a total of nine treatments per stand density). The treatments are as follows: tapping date with three levels (first of October, 15 October and first of November) and two levels of local tapping tools (sonki, and makmak). Untapped trees were used as control. The first picking of gum was started fifteen days after tapping while the subsequent pickings were done in intervals of fifteen days. Yield per tree throughout the season was obtained by summing up the gum yield from all pickings. Yield throughout the season (from first to the last picking) were analyzed. General linear model (GLM) was used to test the effect of different tapping treatments on the yield of gum talha. Post hoc test after analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on Scheffe test was performed to examine the differences in gum yield as a result of different management strategies. The results showed that tapping has a significant influence on gum yield. Analysis of pick-to-pick yield indicated that only three treatments in dense stand density showed a decreasing pattern while the rest of treatments either have constant or unclear patterns. The results of the present study were based on a single season data and that may underscore the real effect of Acacia seyal stands' management strategies on gum talha yield. Conducting gum yield experiments in permanent trial plots are highly recommended in order to analyze gum yield of seasonal time series.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.32 no.2 s.297
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• pp.123-124
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• 1994

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hand tapping on the accuracy and the fluency of speech production in children with speech sound disorder(SSD) and their typically developing peers(TD). Methods : The study subjects were 15 SSD children and 15 TD children aged 4, 5, and 6 years of age. Subjects were asked to give a picture name without hand tapping in the first experimental condition, and with hand tapping in the second experiment condition. Results : The results showed that hand tapping significantly increased disfluency in TD, whereas in SSD. it did not affect the accuracy or fluency of speech production. In addition, TD demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the changes of accuracy and disfluency due to hand tapping, whereas SSD had no correlation. Conclusion : We discussed the possibility that hand tapping could serve as an obstacle distracting attention from SSD and TD, acting as a motor gesture to facilitate phonological processing when facing the difficulty in lexical retrieval for SSD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 2006

As the products such as HDD, Notebook, PDA, and Mobile Phone become smaller and thinner, the radius of threads as well as holes for assembling those products become smaller, even down to 1mm. To produce such small holes and thread efficiently, multi tapping is highly necessitated. However the multi tapping characteristics is not well known because its complicated cutting mechanism and thus the quality of the produced holes and threads is not well studied yet. In this paper, experiments have been conducted for small-radius threads using M2 and M2.6 and M3 cold forming tap to investigate multi tapping process using several useful signal such as torque and Z-axis encoder pulse. The surface and profile of the machined threads have been magnified and observed through a SEM.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 1992

This study was carried out to improve the method of tapping sap from Betula platyphylla Sukatschev, Betula costata Trautv., Betula schmidtii Regel, Betula davurica Pallas, Betula ermanii Cham, Acer mono Maxim and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum Kom and to use it to natural drinks. The mal or results are as follows: 1. It is no difference of the amount of sap by tapping methods and species of trees. The larger D.B.H. is, the more amount of sap can be gotten. So we thought that the best tapping method is hole-drilling to prevent trees from damage. 2. Sap contains sugars and mineral materials. Birches have glucose and fructose, much more mineral materials than maples. Sugar of maples is mainly sucrose. 3. We assume that mineral materials of birches are effective to urination, to make a stong dody and sucrose of maples is effective to recover from one's fatigue by controlling the blood sugar. 4. In vacuum packing after sterilizing the sap in low temperature, it could be stored more 1 year. So, it is possible that sap will be commercialized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.114-117
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• 2002

현재 개발 중에 있는 비파괴 검사법인 Tapping Sound Analysis 의 실험적 검증을 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 손상이 없는 복합재료 구조물과 손상이 있는 복합재료 구조물에 대한 타격 실험을 통해 타격음과 타격력을 측정하여 비교하였다. Wavelet packet transform에 근거한 특성 추출법을 이용하여 타격음으로부터 손상 판단을 위한 특성을 추출하였다. 손상이 없는 구조물과 손상이 있는 구조물의 특성을 비교하기 위해, 특성 지수를 정의하였다. 정의된 특성 지수를 이용하여 손상이 없는 구조물과 손상이 있는 구조물의 타격음의 차이를 하나의 실수로 표현하였다.