• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2007

We investigated the effects of substrate, metal-line, and surface material on the performance of radio frequency identification(RFID) tag antenna using a tag antenna with a meander line radiator and T-matching network. The results showed that readability of the tag antenna with a thin high-loss substrate could be increased so that it was similar to that of a low-loss substrate if the substrate was very thin. The readability of the tag antenna decreased significantly when the metal line was thinner than the skin depth. The readability of the tag also decreased drastically when the tag was attached to high-permittivity high-loss target objects.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.226-229
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• 2007

Survival, tag retention and tag readability were compared among the control and three treatment groups of soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis Crother, 2000 (mean body $weight{\pm}SD$: $182.6{\pm}13.7\;g$), marked with visible implant fluorescent elastomer (VIFE) tags for 16 months. Mortality 4 to 16 months after tagging was attributed to collection and handling stress rather than to the tagging itself. Tags applied to the web surface between the fourth and fifth dactyl of the hindfoot appeared to have the highest retention rates, while adipose eyelid tagging had high tag readability but a high loss rate. We conclude that in soft-shelled turtles, the most suitable region for VIFE tagging is on the web surface between the fourth and fifth dactyls of the hindfoot.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.754-757
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• 2009

The current concrete maturity method implemented with temperature sensors requires an extensive wiring, which is not often acceptable on construction site due to harsh working environment. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology appears to provide a solution for the wiring issue because of its ability of sending data wirelessly. An RFID tag integrated with a temperature sensor and placed within fresh concrete may be able to read temperatures of concrete and transmit them to an RFID reader wirelessly in real-time. However the previous research illustrated that the RFID signal gets dispersed in liquid medium. One may speculate then whether RFID signals travel through fresh concrete with high water content. Would the tag's burying depth within fresh concrete affect its readability? The paper presents the preliminary results of our on-going investigation on the readability of RFID tags in concrete against water content and burying depth of tags.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to assess visible implant fluorescent elastomer (VIE) tagging in greenling Hexagrammos otakii. The experiental fish were anesthetized individually and marked with orange, yellow, red, and green elastomer at the following five body locations, respectively: the adipose eyelid, the surface of the dorsal fin base, the inside surface of the pectoral fin base, the inside surface of the pelvic fin base, and the surface of the anal fin base. Control fish were anesthetized but not marked. During the 20-month trial, fish growth and retention, underwater visibility, and readability of the tags were determined. After 20 months, body length of marked greenling ($43.2{\pm}3.5cm$, mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation [SD]) did not differ from that of the control ($41.4{\pm}3.7cm$). Additionally, the body weight of marked greenling ($527.4{\pm}39.8g$, mean ${\pm}$ SD) did not differ from that of the controls ($505.9{\pm}31.7g$). Greenling retained >90% of the tags at the surface of the dorsal fin base. The anal fin base showed a higher tag retention rate than the inside surfaces of the pectoral fin and the pelvic fin bases (P < 0.05). Red and orange tags were identified more easily underwater than green and yellow tags. Green and yellow tags emitted fluorescence in response to a narrower range of light wavelengths. Thus, the VIE mark was easy to apply to greenling (< 1 min per fish) and was readily visible when viewed under an ultraviolet lamp.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.21.1-21.10
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to assess visible implant fluorescent elastomer (VIE) tagging and stress response in marine medaka, Oryzias dancena. The experimental fish were anesthetized individually and marked with red, yellow, or green elastomer at each of the following three body locations: (1) the abdomen, (2) the back, and (3) the caudal vasculature. During 12 months, the accumulated survival rates of fish in the experimental treatments were not different among red, yellow, and green elastomers. The experimental fish retained > 85% of the tags injected in the back, > 70% of the tags injected in the caudal vasculature, and > 60% of the tags injected in the abdomen (P < 0.05). An important observation was that the abdomen site was associated with poor tag retention. For all injected sites, the red and green tags were able to be detected more easily than the yellow tags when observed under both visible and UV lights. Tag readability was lower for the abdomen site than for the other sites (back and caudal vasculature). Thus, VIE tags were easy to apply to marine medaka (< 1 min per fish) and were readily visible when viewed under UV light.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2008년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.24-27
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• 2008

위키피디아의 백과사전에서 보여주는 바와 같이 주요한 용어에 대한 링크를 통한 태깅은 문서의 가독성을 크게 향상시킨다. 웹 2.0에서도 사회적 태깅(Social Tagging)의 중요성이 부각되고 있으며 시멘틱웹의 태그클라우드(Tag Cloud) 형태로 발전하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대용량 통제어 사전에 등재된 주요 용어를 대상문서에 태깅하는 방법에 대해 연구결과를 제시한다. 기본적으로 사전에 있는 모든 용어(항목수 N)를 주어진 문서(길이 m)에서의 출현 여부를 문자열탐색을 통해 비교하여 태깅하는 방식은 O(mN)의 계산복잡도를 가진다. 그러나 본 논문에서 제시하는 바와 같이 정보검색을 이용할 경우에는 계산복잡도를 O(mlogN)으로 줄일 수 있었다. 정보검색을 활용하면 단순문자열 탐색에 비해서 평균 17.8배, 빠른 문자열탐색 알고리즘에 비해서도 평균 5.6배 이상 태깅 속도가 향상되었다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2009

As shown in Wikipedia, tagging or cross-linking through major keywords in a document collection improves not only the readability of documents but also responsive and adaptive navigation among related documents. In recent years, the Semantic Web has increased the importance of social tagging as a key feature of the Web 2.0 and, as its crucial phenotype, Tag Cloud has emerged to the public. In this paper we provide an efficient method of automated in-text keyword tagging based on large-scale controlled term collection or keyword dictionary, where the computational complexity of O(mN) - if a pattern matching algorithm is used - can be reduced to O(mlogN) - if an Information Retrieval technique is adopted - while m is the length of target document and N is the total number of candidate terms to be tagged. The result shows that automatic in-text tagging with keywords filtered by Information Retrieval speeds up to about 6 $\sim$ 40 times compared with the fastest pattern matching algorithm.

• 기록학연구
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• 제67호
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• pp.99-138
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• 2021

빅데이터 시대에 정형데이터 뿐만 아니라 비정형데이터를 분석하는 것이 중요한 과제로 대두되고 있다. 정부기관이 생산하는 공문서도 텍스트 기반의 대형 비정형데이터로 빅데이터 분석의 대상이 된다. 기관 내부의 업무효율, 지식관리, 기록관리 등의 관점에서 공문서 빅데이터를 분석하여 유용한 시사점을 도출해 나가야 할 것이다. 그러나, 현재 공공기관이 보유 중인 공문서의 상당수가 개방포맷이 아니어서 빅데이터 분석을 하려면 비트스트림에서 텍스트를 추출하는 전처리 과정이 요구된다. 또한, 문서파일 내에 맥락 메타데이터가 충분히 저장되어 있지 못하여 품질 높은 분석을 하려면 별도의 메타데이터 확보 노력이 필요하다. 결론적으로 현재의 공문서는 기계가독(machine readable) 수준이 낮아 빅데이터 분석에 비용이 많이 들게 된다. 이 연구에서는 향후 공문서가 기계가독 수준을 높이기 위해서는 공문서의 개방포맷화, 기안문 서식의 표준태그화, 자기 기술(self-descriptive) 메타데이터 확보, 문서 텍스트 태깅 등이 선행될 필요가 있다는 점을 제안한다. 첫째, 문서가 스스로를 설명하기 위해 추가되어야 하는 메타데이터 항목들을 제시하고 이 메타데이터들이 기계가독형이 되도록 문서파일에 저장하는 방법을 제안한다. 둘째, 문서 내용 분석 시 자연어 처리에만 의존하지 않고 행정 맥락에 따라 중요한 키워드를 미리 국제표준 태그로 마킹하여 기계가독형이 되도록 하는 방안을 제안한다.