• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.533-564
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• 1998

In order to know the effect of proliferation and differentiation on edipocyte 3T3-L1 by prescriptions and herbs, Taeyangin(太陽人)'s Okapijangcheok-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Mihudeungsikjangtang Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) and Taeumin(太陰人)'s Taeumjowi-tang(太陰調胃湯) Cheongsimyonja-tang(淸心蓮子湯) Cheongpaesagan-tang(淸肺瀉肝湯) Galkeunbupyong-tang(葛根浮萍湯) Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Rhei Undulati Rhizoma(大黃) Mori Cortex(桑白皮) Ulmi Cortex(楡根白皮) Holotrichia Vermiculus Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) Imperatae Rhizoma(白茅根), were used and had some effects. 1. The proliferation effect of edipocyte 1) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs, Okapijangcheok-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Mihudeungsikjang-tang Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) have a control effect at the boiling water-extract and ethyl alcohol-extract. Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) have a control effect at the ethyl alcohol-extract. 2) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs, Taeumjowi-tang(太陰調胃湯) Cheongsimyonja-tang(淸心蓮子湯) Cheongpaesagan-tang(淸肺瀉肝湯) Galkeunbupyong-tang(葛根浮萍湯) have a control effect at the boiling water-extract and ethyl alcohol-extract. Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Rhei Undulati Rhizoma(大黃) Morl Cortex(桑白皮) Ulmi Cortex(楡根白皮) Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) · Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of the boiling water-extract, Holotrichia Vermiculus Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) of ethyl alcohol-extract have a control effect on edipocytes. Rhei Undulati Rhizoma(大黃) Ulmi Cortex(楡根白皮) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of high-density have a cyto-toxicity. 2. The differentiation effect of edipocyte 1) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs during the natural differentiation, Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) of the boiling water-extract, Okapijangchek-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) of the ethyl alcohol-extract have a cyto-toxicity on the first-differentiation. 2) At the Taeumin(太陰人)'s prescriptions and herbs during the natural differentiation, Ulmi Cortex (楡根白皮) Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) of the boiling water-extract have a cyto-toxicity on the first-differentiation. Cheongsimyonja-tang(淸心蓮子湯) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of ethyl alcohol-extract have a control effect on the redifferentiation. 3) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs on the first-differentiation during the induced differentiation, Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) of ethyl alcohol-extract has a control effect. Okapijangchek-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) of the boiling water-extract have a cyto-toxicity. 4) At the Taeumin(太陰人)'s prescriptions and herbs on the first-differentiation during the induced differentiation, Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) Imperatae Rhizoma(白茅根) of the boiling water-extract and Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of the ethyl alcohol-extract have a control effect. Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) of the boiling water-extract and the ethyl alcohol-extract has a cyto-toxicity. Considering this result, the Taeyangin(太陽人) Taeumin(太陰人)'s prescriptions and herbs have a control effect on edipocytes during the proliferation. Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮), Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) Imperatae Rhizoma(白茅根) have a control effect on edipocytes during the induced differentiation. In the future, for treating a obesity need a vivo assay and hope this study to help to know the mechanisms of obesity.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2003

Background: Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) is a component of Korean traditional medicine that classifies humans into four categories, according to their constitution (Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin and Soeumin). We are unaware of previous assessments of SCM in non-Asian race groups. Objectives: To quantify body composition components in three race groups and to determine whether SCM has an independent effect on body composition components. Design: A cross-sectional evaluation of 76 adults (28 Caucasian, 21 African-American, 27 Asian). Body composition was estimated using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: SCM component had a significant effect on weight, fat, and lean mass regardless of race group (p <0.001).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.216-220
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• 2003

We treated a Taiyangin(太陽人) patient with Yulkyuk(?膈) disease. He was diagnosed as acute cerebellar infarction, hypertension and trigeminal neuralgia(rule out). His chief complaint was nausea, dysphagia, trigeminal neuralgia, anorexia, and numbness of upper and lower extremity. He was orally administrated with Mihudeung Sikjang Tan(??藤植腸湯) additions. Mihudeung Sikjang Tang(??藤植腸湯) additions was Fructus Chaenomelis(木瓜), Grape root(葡萄根), Buckwheat(蕎麥), Semen pruni(櫻桃肉) etc. His chief complaint was improved by oral administration of Mihudeung Sikjang Tan(??藤植腸湯) additions, and we do report this clinical case study.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

The characteristic fitness of food to each Sa-sang constitution and the relationship between Han-Yeoul characteristics and chemical composition after classifying Samgye-tang ingredients and other food into Ohn-Yeoul-Ryang-Han characteristic were assessed. When the suitable constitution to the each characteristic was investigated after classifying Samgye-tang ingredients and other food into Han, Ryang, Pyound, Ohn and Yeoul of which fitness case for Soeumin was 44∼63% but fitness case for Soyangin and Taeyangin was only 0∼18%. When the relationship between Samgye-tang ingredients and other food classified into Ohn-Yeoul-Ryang-Han and chemical composition of fatty acid, amino acid, vitamin and mineral was investigated, the value of correlation coefficient was extremely low. There was not the relationship between chemical composition and Han-Yeoul classification. Therefore it should be further investigated the relationship between characteristic and chemical composition by additional analysis index.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.56-66
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• 2000

Sweating is a important concept with Sasang Constitutional Medicine After studying about sweating of four constitutions, I can get a conclusion. It is summarized as follows. 1. In Taeyangin(太陽人) and Taeumin(太陰人) sweating can be explained by symptom of Kiekjiki(氣液之氣), and can be explained by symptom of Suekjiki(水液之氣) in Soeumin(少陰人) and Soyangin(少陽人) 2. Sweating of Soeumin(少陰人) is a expression of strength or weakness of Bijang(脾臟) 3. Sweating of Soyangin(少陽人) is a expression of Kangeum(降陰) and Yangyak(陽弱) 4. Sweating of Taeumin(太陰人) is a expression of Paejang(肺臟)'s function

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.75-94
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• 1999

Purpose: This studied by the comparative method the view of Lee Je-ma's Constitutional Medicine expressed Sasang ChobonGuen and Dongyi Suse Bowon. 2. Method: I studied the view of Lee Je-ma's Constitutional Medicine classified broadly 'General view of life' and 'Constitutional view of life expressed SangChonbonGuen and Dongyi Suse Bowon. 3. Results & Conclusion: Sasang ChobonGuen gathered 'Seongmoung-Ron', 'Sadan-Ron', 'Hwakchoong-Ron', 'Byeonjeong-Ron' and a part of 'Jangbu-Ron' of Dongyi Suse Bowon. It is insufficient the explanation of 'CheonGi', but the fundamental spirit is same. The study of Soyangin is done earlier, the studies of Soeumin, Taeumin, Taeyangin is done later.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 1999

This paper was written in order to understand each constitutional symptoms and diseases with two aspects. The first was to trace the courses to accomplish constitutional symptoms and diseases from that of oriented medicine through "Dongyi Bogam" and the original writing such as "Shanghanlun". The second was to analyze the constitutional diseases with Lee Je-ma's own recognition on human being and the society which was based on the "Dongyi Suse Bowon". The original concepts of 'The Interior Disease' and 'The Exterior Disease' were based on the Nature and the Emotion, the Environmental Frames and the Human Affairs, the Ears Eyes Nose Mouth and the Lung Spleen Liver Kidney. The exterior disease were caused by the abilities of ears to listen, eyes to see, nose to smell, and mouth to taste on the environmental frames which were related one's recognition to society. The interior diseases were caused by the abilities of lung to study, spleen to ask, liver to think, kidney to judge on human affairs which were related the relationship between me and others. So the titles of constitutional diseases were named by these views on his first writing of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" in 1894. So the titles of Taeyangin diseases, 'The lumbar Vertebae Disease Induced by Exopathogen' and 'The Small Intestine Disease Induced by Endopathogen' were still remained as the first writing. But the titles of constitutional diseases were rewritten such as present titles in 1900. In order to express pathology and mechanism of constitutional diseases exactly, he rewrote titles which contained the manifestation sites of diseases, and the symptoms of febrile and cold, and the different congenital formations of organs. The exterior diseases and interior diseases had three characteristics. The first was that the exterior disease injured by the nature which had a tendency to progress slowly and the interior disease injured by the emotion which had a tendency to progress rapidly. The second was not that the interior disease and the exterior disease were separated, but that one influenced the other and these were revealed as a disease together when the diseases continued for a long time. The third was that even though the disease caught together it was included the beginning disease. The symptoms in ordinary times was the origin and clue to recognize the constitutional symptoms and diseases. It enabled to establish the constitutional medicine which treated by different ways according to constitution. It had two characteristics which were different from the Traditional Chinese Medicine in appearance of diseases. The first was that the disease was progressed to the next step from the symptoms in ordinary times. The second was that each constitution had different symptoms which were due to symptoms in ordinary times under the same disease, The third was the manifestation of disease were different from symptoms in ordinary times in the same constitution. But the most important thing was that Lee Je-ma recognized these symptoms in ordinary times as four categories and he presented constitutional symptoms and constitutional disease. The four categories were the method to recognize the human being and the diseases for him As the symptoms and diseases of Sasang Constitutional Medicine were compared to Traditional Chinese Medicine, the constitutional diseases of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" could be classified into two groups. The first group was the unique diseases and symptoms, which were not in the Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by the Lee Je-ma. These contained the diseases of taeyangin, the exterior disease of taeumin, the exterior disease of soyangin. The second group used the unique methods to treat disease, which were not in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by Lee Je-ma. This contained the interior disease of taeumin, the delirium diseases from the MangYin of soyangin, the treatment to help the Yang-Qi ascend and to supplement the ql In the exterior disease of soeumin. Especially, the diseases of taeyangin and taeumin which were caused by the metabolism disorders of Qi-Yack(氣液) were the great achievement to establish constitutional symptoms and diseases. The discourse of taeyangin diseases presented his original thought to recognize the symptoms and diseases through the Shin Gi Hyul Jeong(神氣血精) and the Qi-Yack, the discourse of taeumin diseases presented the disperse of Qi-Yack through the forward and backward of sweat, the discourse of soyangin disease presented the sweat of hand and feet which was manifested that yin-qi of spleen descended to yin qi of kidney, and the bowel movement which was manifested that yang qi of large intestine ascend to head, face and four extremities, the discourse of soeumin disease presented the Jueyin syndrome without the abdominal pain and diarrhea as the exterior disease and made importance to the nervous mind And the classification of exterior diseases and interior diseases were not due to the pharmacology but due to the symptoms and diseases according to the constitution.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.23-37
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to investigate the correlation Among Sasang Constitutional Disease and Examination of the pulse. I have gone over literatures of mainly ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$ and the others Oriental Medical book was studied about the Pulse Diagnosis. And then I came to get some conclusion as follows. 1. Soeumin(소음인) the initial-stage symptoms of wulkwang disease(울광증) ; when the Superficial Pulse and the Superficial+ Moderate Pulse is made a diagnosis, Ceongunggyegitang(천궁계지탕) and Gunggyuhyangsosan(궁귀향소산) can be used. 2. Soeumin(소음인) the initial-stage blood disease symptoms of wulkwang disease(울광증) ; when the Minute+deep Pulse is made a diagnosis, Palmulgnnjatang(팔물군자탕) and Guakhyanggeonggisan(곽향정기산) can be used. 3. Soeumin(소음인) the initial-stage symptoms of mangyang disease(망양증) ; when the Yang region Superficial Pulse and the Yin region Weak Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hwanggigyegitang(황기계지탕), Bojungikgitang(보증익기탕) and Sengyangikgitang(승양익기탕) can be used. 4. Soeumin(소음인) the symptoms of taeum disease(태음증) ; when the Minute Pulse and Deep+Thin Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 5. Soeumin(소음인) the symptoms of soeum disease(소음증) ; when the Minute+Thin Pulse, Deep Pulse and Thin+Deep+Rapid Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 6. Soyangin(소양인) Wind of soyang disease(소양상풍증) ; when the Superficial+Tight Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hungbangpaedogsan(형방패독산) can be used. And when the Deep+Full with strong power Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hyungbangdojeoksan(형방도적산) can be used. 7. Soyangin(소양인) the symptoms of mangyeum disease(망음증) ; when the Superficial+Large+Rapid Pulse and Flood+Large Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hungbangsabaeksan(형방사백산) can be used. And when the Wiry+Thin Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hungbanggiwhangtang(형방지황탕) can be used. 8. Soyangin(소양인) the chest-phrenic fever syndrome(흉격열증) ; when the Superficial Pulse, Flood+Full+Rapid Pulse and Flood+Large Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 9. Soyangin(소양인) the after fever syndrome(음허오열증) ; when the Empty+Soft+Rapid Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 10. Taeumin(태음인) the upper neck exterior disease caused by Cold(배추표병) ; when the Superficial and Superficial+Tight Pulse is made a diagnosis, Mawhangbalpoytang(마황발표탕) can be used, And when the Superficial and Superficial+Tight with strong power on left hand Pulse is made a diagnosis, Ungdamsan(웅담산) and Handayulsotang(한다열소탕) can be used. 11. Taeumin(태음인) the Coldness syndrome in esophagus(위완한증) ; when the Superficial+Tight Pulse with weak power on left hand Pulse is made a diagnosis, Taeumjowetang(태음조위탕) can be used. 12. Taeumin(태음인) the Dryness-Heat syndrome(조열증) ; when the Flood+Large Pulse, Long Pulse and Long+Large Pulse is made a diagnosis, Galgeunhaegitang(갈근해기탕) can be used. And when the Tight+Full+Rapid Pulse with deep region is made a diagnosis, Yuldahansotang(열다한소탕) can be used. And when the Superficial+Slippery Pulse is made a diagnosis, Chungsimyunjatang(청심연자탕) can be used. 13. Taeumin(태음인) the symptoms of Yin-blood Exhaustion(음혈모갈증) ; when the Superficial with weak power Pulse is made a diagnosis, Nokyongdaebotang(녹용대보탕) can be used. And when the Deep with weak power Pulse is made a diagnosis, Gongjinheukwondan(공진흑원단) can be used. 14. Taeyangin(태양인) a slight Lumbar vertebrae disease(외감경증) ; when the Superficial+Hollow Pulse is made a diagnosis, Gunshitang(건시탕) can be used. 15. Taeyangin(태양인) the Generalized and Fatigue syndrome(해역증) ; when the Moderate+Choppy Pulse with left hand chi region(척맥) is made a diagnosis, Ogapijangchuktang(오가피장척탕) can be used. 16. Taeyangin(태양인) a slight Small Intestine disease(내촉경증)

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.311-327
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• 1999

Lee, Je-ma proposed ways like Chehyungkisang to judge each constitution, so, on the basis of this, we can judge constitution in various ways. Such a theory is based on behavior determinism's way of thinking of Lee, Je-ma. We can know this that form is not recognized as an object reflecting image, but a subjective concept from Tukyonyodun, Yimokbiku(ears, eyes, nose and mouth), Hameokjebok of Sungmyong Theory. Lee, Je-ma thought each part of human body has not only physical function but also complex temperative function. Putting this consideration and Jangbu Theory describing human body directly, together, it can be said that these all have an established theory on Chehyungkisang of constitution judgement. Thus, the following hypotheses are given. From Sadan Theory and Hwakchung Theory, strength of Jangbu of Sasangin is Pe>Bi>Shin>Kan in Taeyangin and Bi>Pe>Kan>Shin in Soyangin and Kan>Shin>Bi>Pe> in Taeumin and Shin>Kan>Pe>Bi in Soumin. The concept of Shinkihyuljung is related with creation of form and spirit of each Jangkuk and Aenoheerak(sorrow, anger, joy, pleasure). From this viewpoint, Sasangin can be classified into; Taeyangin into Shinkijunghyul type, Taeumin into Hyuljungkishin type, Soumin into Junghyuishinki type. Introduced a fixed way to explain of each constitution according to this strength relationship. I hope more lively discussions on Constitutional Medicine will be continued based on this attempt.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.10-19
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to search the descriptions of feces in the text of Lee, Je-Ma for the physiological feces and pathological feces in constitutional medicine. 2. Methods We searched the descriptions of feces mentioned in the text of $\ulcorner$Dongyisusebowonsasangchobongwon$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$Dongyisusebowongabobon$\lrcorner$, and $\ulcorner$Dongyisusebowonsinchukbon$\lrcorner$ and classified the feces into physiological feces and pathological feces by the solidity, color, impurities of feces, and the frequency of defecation. 3. Results For Soyangin and Taeyangin, there are formal descriptions of feces related to the constipation in Dongyisusebowon sasang chobongwon, but for Soeumin and Taeumin, there is not formal description of feces related to the constipation in $\ulcorner$Dongyisusebowonsasangchobongwon$\lrcorner$ and for all 4 Type Constitution, there are various formal descriptions of feces related to the diarrhea in $\ulcorner$Dongyisusebowonsasangchobongwon$\lrcorner$. For all 4 Type Constitution, there are various formal descriptions of feces related to the constipation in $\ulcorner$Dongyisusebowongabobon$\lrcorner$, except Taeumin. and for all 4 Type Constitution, yhere are various formal descriptions of feces related to the diarrhea in $\ulcorner$Dongyisusebowongabobon$\lrcorner$. For Soeumin, especially there are the formal descriptions of color and impurities of feces. For all 4 Type Constitution, there are various formal descriptions of feces related to the constipation and the diarrhea in $\ulcorner$Dongyisusebowonsinchukbon$\lrcorner$. For Soeumin, especially there are formal descriptions of color and impurities of feces. 4. Conclusions The diarrhea in Soeumin is serious illness rather than the constipation, and the constipation in Soyangin is serious illness rather than diarrhea. Especially In Yin Exhausted Syndrome in Soyangin, the diarrhea is the important standard of diagnosis in Soyangin's constitutional symptom. The description of feces in Taeumin is not systematic, compared with Soeumin's and Soyangin's. The description of feces in Taeyangin is not yet scientifically established compared with Soeumin's, Soyangin's, Taeumin's.