• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.717-727
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was purposed to estimate the level of oral health quality of life and the relationship between health-related factors and oral health quality of life in patients with successful dental implants. Methods : This questionnaire survey was conducted during the period from December 2009 to March 2010 with 126 patients confirmed successful dental implants in Busan. The oral health related quality of life and oral health-related factors were estimated with OHIP-14 and 8 oral health characteristics, respectively. Data analysis was performed with descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis using SAS(ver 9.1) program. Results : The score of oral health quality of life in patients with successful dental implants was $12.25{\pm}7.82$. The scores of subscale of the oral health quality of life were $1.24{\pm}1.35$ in social disability, $1.60{\pm}1.37$ in handicap, $1.60{\pm}1.44$ in psychological disability, $1.70{\pm}1.38$ in functional limitation, $1.81{\pm}1.35$ in physical disability, $2.14{\pm}1.46$ in physical pain, $2.17{\pm}1.46$ in psychological discomfort, respectively. The related factors of oral health quality of life in patients with successful dental implants were absence of other type prosthesis and experience of tooth brushing education. Conclusions : The oral health related quality of life in patients with successful dental implants was relatively good condition. Social supports and chances for high quality denture and tooth brushing educations are needed to improve oral health related quality of life in patients with dental implants.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.439-449
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 정자와 외래유전자인 EGFP 유전자를 공배양한 후 정자직접 주입술로 난자를 수정시켜 EGFP 유전자의 발현을 조사하였다. 정자는 외래유전자의 도입이 용이하도록 동결융해, 0.03% Tween-20과 0.02%의 Triton X-100의 처리를 통하여 정자두부의 원형질막을 제거하여 공시하였다. 수정된 난자는 소 난관상피세포가 포함된 CR1aa 배양액에서 공배양을 통하여 체외발달시켰으며, 난자의 발달에 따라 EGFP 유전자의 발현을 형광 현미경 하에서 조사하였다. 원형질막이 제거된 정자로부터 수정란의 정상수정을 확인하기 위하여 18시간째 2PN 2PB를 조사한 결과, 발생율은 각각 DTT 처리구 44.6%, DTT와 Twen-20 처리구 48.4%, DTT와 동결융해 처리구 44.4%, 그리고 DTT와 Triton X-100 처리구 42.9%였다. 수정란의 초기 배 분할율은 DTT 처리구 49.1 %, DTT와 Tween-20 처리구 58.5%, DTT와 동결융해 처리구 43.9% 그리고 DTT와 Triton X-100 처리구 48.4%였으며, 배반포 형성율은 DTT 처리구 10.2%, DTT와 Tween-20 처리구 13.0%, DTT와 동결융해 처리구 6.8% 그리고 DTT와 Triton X-100 처리구 6.5%였다. 이들 발달된 수정란 중 도입된 EGFP 유전자의 발현율은 DTT 처리구 3.8%, DTT와 Tween-20 처리구 11.1%, DTT와 동결융해 처리구 13.8% 그리고 DTT와 Triton X-100 처리구 8.9%로 나타났으며, 대부분의 발현은 모자이크 형태로 관찰되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 소에서 원형질막을 제거한 정자와 외래유전자의 공배양과 이 정자의 난자내 직접도입법에 의해 외래유전자를 가진 형질전환 소 수정란과 형질전환 소 생산이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

본 실험은 곶감 부산물의 사료적 가치를 구명하기 위하여 첨가수준(0, 1, 3, $5\%$)에 따라 육계의 생산성, 계육의 지방산 조성 및 혈중 콜레스테롤 등에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위하여 5주 동안사양 시험하였다. 전기 3주간 사료내 조단백질은 $21.5\%$, ME는 3,100kcal/kg 수준으로 공급하였고, 후기에는 조단백질 $19\%$, ME 3,100kcal/kg 수준으로 급여하였다. 대조구(무첨가구), 곶감 부산물 $1\%$ 첨가구(T1), $3\%$ 첨가구(T2), $5\%$ 첨가구(T3)로 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 10수로 총 160수를 공시하였다. 그 결과 증체량은 전기사료 급여시에 대조구보다 곶감 부산물을 급여한 처리구에서 높은 경향이었으나, 후기 사료 급여시는 대조구와 T1 및 T2에서 T3보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 사료 효율은 처리구간에 유의성이 없었다. 곶감 부산물의 급여 수준에 따른 계육의 일반 성분 중 수분과 조회분은 유의성이 없으며, 조지방은 증가하고 단백질은 감소하는 경향이었다(P<0.05). 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-C, 중성지방은 처리구에서 높았고, LDL-C은 처리구보다 대조구에서 높았다(P<0.05). 계육의 주된 지방산은 oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid 순이었다. 곶감 부산물의 급여량이 증가함에 따라 stearic acid, linoleic acid는 감소하였으나 oleic acid의 함량은 증가하였다(P<0.05). 이러한 실험 결과로 곶감부산물은 육계사료에 $3\%$수준까지 급여하더라도 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.86-88
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• 2001

본 시험은 broiler performance, litter N농도가 어떻게 유지되며, NH3 gas 농도가 사료에 ammino acid와 Vitamin D를 보충하여 litter에 Alum을 첨가하여 저수준 단백질 수준을 감소시키는지 결정하기 위해 실시하였다. 이 실험은 각각 처리마다 3반복 90마리를 세가지의 다른 단백질 수준을 가지고서 starter period(1-214)와 grower period(22-420)로 나누었다. 단백질처리는 각기 starter에는 평균 23.0(control 71), 20.4(W)와 18.0(73)%로 grower에서는 21.0(control 71), l9.3(n) and 17.o(73)%로 구성된다. control과 비교하면 ammino acid 수준은 비슷하다. Alum은 rice bran kg당 2009에 Control을 제외하고 각 처리구에 혼합했다. 결과는 3wks와 6wks 동안 급여한 사료에서 Control이하인 저수준 단백질은 feed gain은 증가하였으며, feed intake와 weight gain은 감소하였다. 그러나 처리간에는 유의차(P<0.05)가 없었으며 Alum을 litter에 혼합할 때(P<0.05) 저수준 단백질은 NH3 gas농도가 74.8-80.9% 감소되었다. litter에 Alum을 첨가하는 조작은 NH3 gas농도를 감소시킨다는 것을 보여준다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.172-182
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• 2002

Objectives: We did research in the cause of the Pitchers' injury and their recovery process to make a detailed injury list for the purpose of finding the cause of the Korean professional pitchers' injury and its classification. We drew the conclusion through the results as following. Methods: We posed a question to the 80 pitchers playing in the first team of the eight Korean professional baseball team and analyzed the 62 pieces of question paper except the paper having a mistake. We used SAS/PC statistical package in analyzing the data. Results: In the frequency of the pitchers' shoulder injury in the last three years, the injured of all the players were 61.3$\%$ and the injury free players were 28.7$\%$. The cause of the injury was 45.2$\%$ wrong pitching motion, which was the highest value. For the shape of a pain when injured, the reverberation ache feeling when he is hit in the weight commanded an absolute majority as 19.4$\%$. Those who had muscular pain were 17.7$\%$, which was felt mostly at the pitching motion. The most trouble name of the injured shoulder was bicepstendinitis as 16.1$\%$ while the injury of shoulder joint was the lowest as 1.6$\%$. As the most widely used treatment, 25.8 percent of all the players had taken an electronical thraphy after injury. 14.5 percent of the players who had an injury to the shoulder told that they have an operation and 85 percent of them didn't. As a sort of the operation, a repairing of labrum was 44.4 percent, which is the highest value and the 77.8 percent pitchers are performing a normal pitching through rehabilitation after the operation and 22.2 percent of them are undergoing rehabilitation training. Conclusion: The research have shown that the main cause of the injury, concerning the Korean professional pitchers throwing lots of ball in both matches and practices, is overuse syndrome, bad mechanism, muscle weakness and instability of balance. I think that the role of trainer, physical therapy, and team physician taking charge of the players' injury must learn physical test method by heart exactly to check up the state of the injury definitely at the initial phase. Moreover, when the cause of the injury part after a close examination is discovered, the scientific and good surgery is essential to the rehabilitation success and making a classification of shoulder instability is useful to make a operation plan as well as the players' rehabilitation, treatment.

• 생태와환경
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• 제33권3호통권91호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2000

식물플랑크톤 군집의 분포 특성에 따른 운모호의 최적 취수수심 검토를 목적으로 1998년 2월부터 10월까지 조사를 실시하였다. 식물플랑크톤 출현종은 7강, 12목, 28과, 51속의 75종, 4변종인 총 79 taxa였다. 2월부터 7월까지는 4월을 제외하고 규조강이 우점종이었으며, 8월은 갈색편모조강의 Rhodomonas sp.가 우점종이었으나 9월과 10월은 남조강의 Microcystis ichthyoblabe가 우점종이었다. 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 10월이 122,800 cells/mL로 가장 많았으며, 5월이 가장 적은 415 cells/mL로 나타났다. 2월부터 5월까지는 수심별 식물플랑크톤의 현존량 변화는 심하지 않았으나, 6월부터의 고수온기에는 표층수를 비롯한 표수층(表水層)의 식물플랑크톤의 양이 해수층(深水層)보다 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 5,000 cells/mL 이상의 현존량을 보인 수심은 6월의 경우 표층수로부터 9m의 범위이며, 9월은 6m까지, 그리고 10월은 단지 표층수에만 국한되었다. 수온과 식물플랑크톤량의 2가지 요인만을 고려한 적정 취수 수심은 전체 수심의 총 식물플랑크톤 현존량을 최소 75.4%에서 최대 98.0%까지 배제하며, 수온은 18.3${\sim}$20.0$^{\circ}C$$ 범위를 나타내는 6m의 수심이 타당할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.241-253
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and conscious behavior of 287 workers. The results of the study are as follows: The participants of the study were composed of 139 males $(48.4\%)$ and 148 females $(51.6\%)$. 75 workers are 25 years old or younger $(26.1\%)$. Regarding the frequency of eating out, 211 workers $(73.6\%)$ answered that they had eating out ever once a week. Males ate out more frequently than females (p<0.001). The motives for eating out was mostly for meals. This response was more frequent for female than male. To the contrary, more males answered that they ate out for the purpose of social intercourse. As the level of average monthly income increases, the purpose of eating out changed from the purpose of meals to the purpose of social intercourse (p<0.001). For cost of eating out, the older workers and those who had higher monthly income spent significantly more expenditure. However gender difference didn't make any significant difference in the eating out expenses per person. The average monthly eating out expenses were significantly higher for female than male, for the order workers than the younger, for the married than the single, and for those who have higher monthly income than lower. However, the expenses were not significantly different in occupation. Regarding the types of restaurants that the workers preferred for eating out, the most workers preferred Korean restaurant. The types of restaurants that workers preferred significantly related to all the demographic characteristics (p<0.01). In general, participants had eating out with their family. However, younger, single, and low income workers seemed to more eat out with their friends. The most preferred menu was pork dishes. Male rather than female, the married rather than the single, and those who have a professional occupation appeared to like it more. It is necessary to research the major customers' demographic characteristics and their preferences, and then to develop new goods which fit to the customers before entering the restaurant business. It may be concluded that it should be important to develop nutritious, safe, and delicious foods.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2000

농업유역에서 영양원소들은 시비 후 강우에 의해 지표 유출이 생기면 용해되거나 토사에 흡착된 상태로 하천에 유입되어 부영양화의 주요한 요인이 되고 있다. 농경지로부터의 영양염류 유실 정도를 평가하기 위해 경북 영천군 임고천 유역의 대표적 영농형태인 과수원 토양에 $14.3{\times}24.8\;m$면적의 유출 시험포를 설치하고 1999년 3월부터 11월 사이에 발생한 26개의 강우 사상에 대하여 지표 유출수량과 토양 유실량을 측정하였으며 이들과 함께 발생하는 질소와 인의 유실량을 조사하였다. 시험 포장에는 화학비료와 혼합유박비료로 질소와 인이 각각 112, 46kg/ha씩 처리되었다 조사 기간 동안 발생한 총 표면 유출수량은 $421.5\;m^3/ha$이었고 토양 유실량은 1,989kg/ha이었다. 유출수중의 T-N, $NO_3-N$, $NH_4-N$, T-P 및 $PO_4-P$의 농도는 각각 $4.7{\sim}171.0,\;0.1{\sim}188.0,\;0.13{\sim}3.36,\;0.58{\sim}4.99$ 및 $0.05{\sim}3.71\;mg/l$ 범위였다 강우에 의해 지표면으로 유실된 총 질소량은 16.39 kg/ha였으며 이중 질산태 질소와 암모늄태 질소가 각각 75%와 3%를 차지하였다. 인의 유실량은 총 16.39 kg/ha였으며 이 중에서 이온형태의 인이 47%였으며 토사와 함께 유실되는 인은 27% 정도였다. 질소와 인의 총 유실량은 각각 총 시비량의 9.5% 및 2.3%였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2004

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to find out static two-point discrimination (TPD) in fingertips. METHODS: This was a cross-section, measure study of static two-point discrimination involving healthy young adults. Measure was completed by 48 college students in Andong Science College from June 1 to 12, 2004. The minimal distance at which two-points could be discriminated was measured from thumb to little finger. RESULTS: For dermatomal regions of the fingertip, mean values ranged from 3.3mm to 4.9mm (thumb 3.6mm, index finger 3.3mm, middle finger 3.8mm, ring finger 4.2mm, and little finger 4.7mm in the left hand; thumb 3.7mm, index 3.5mm, middle 4.0mm, ring 4.3mm, and little 4.9mm in the right hand). A significant difference in discrimination ability was found between men and women, 3.5mm for women showed a greater sensitivity than 4.1mm for men in the left middle fingertip(p=0.0109), also 3.9mm for women showed a greater accuracy than 4.5mm for men in the left ring fingertip(p=0.0388). In the right index fingertip, women (3.1mm) have a narrow distance than men (3.6mm)(p=0.0329). The minimal distance of TPD was found a significant difference between 20 and 30 years in age. 4mm for 30 years showed a greater distance than 3.5mm for 20 years in the left thumb fingertip(p=0.0354), also, 3.8mm for 30 years showed a greater distance than 3.2mm for 20 years in the left index fingertip(p=0.0174), and 4.3mm for 30 years showed a greater distance than 3.7mm for 20 years in the left middle fingertip(p=0.0444). In the right index fingertip, 20 years (3.2mm) had also a narrow distance than 30 years (4.1mm)(p=0.0020), 20 years (3.9mm) showed a narrow distance than 30 years (4.6mm) in the right middle fingertip(p=0.0124), and 20 years (4.1mm) showed a greater sensitivity than 30 years (5.0mm) in the right ring fingertip(p=0.0070). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that distance of TPD in the both index fingertips for 20 years women was significantly narrowed.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.126-136
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• 1997

To procide basic data for improvement of oriental medical care system, the questionnaire interview was carried out with community peoples, over 20 years old, selected randomly in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu and Taejon err. from 10th Mar. to 20th Apr. 1996. The result were summarized as follows: 1. In the general characteristics of subjects, the highest portion of each part was 52.4% of male, 22.4% of thirties, 37.1% of college graduates, 19.1% of married, 30.6% of town dwellers, 63.3% of muddle social class, 26.6% of housewife, 19.3% of student, 16.6% officer and 11.6% of professional technician. 2. The portion of subjects agree to open oriental clinic in western medicine hospital was 60.0%, that of disagreement was 20.1%, Among 60.0% of agreement group, the high rate was showed in female, fifties, middle school graduates, unemployed, middle social level. 3. The rate of positive responses in system of a herb specialist was 64.7%, that of negative responses was 11.6%. Among positive responses, the groups of high rate were male. twenties, above college graduates, student, middle-high social level and city dwellers. 4. In the question whether a pack of herb medicine should be included in medical insurance or not, the rate of agreement was 74.3%, that of disagreement was 4.1%. Amount agreement subjects, the high rate was showed in male, young age, high educated, city dwellers, professional technician middle social class. 5. In the cost of oriental medical care, the portion was divided by 70.3% of expensiveness,25.6% of moderate, 4.1% of low price. among 70.3% of high price, the high rate was in female, forties, agrolivestock-fishery, and town dwellers. 6. In the question what the herb doctor should do for the improvement of oriental medicine, the highest rate was 54.2% in further study. The next was 23.0% in need of western medical and 9.1% in no complain in present situation. Among 54.2% of further study, the high rate was showed in male, forties, high school graduate, profession technician, high social level, christian, married and city dwellers. 7. About institution of oriental care, 86.8% of subjects answered to need of improvement, 8.0% of them replied no problem as present. Amount 86.8% of subjects, the high rate was showed in male, twenties, above college graduate, sales, singles, high social level and city dwellers. 8. About necessity of western medical care instrument in oriental medical hospital, the rate of sightly need was 47.5%, inevitably need was 37.7%, no need was 6.3%, the Positive subjects were showed high rate in male, officer, singer, the younger age, the higher educated, better social level and city dwellers. These results might be useful information for establishing of oriental medical care policies, which open oriental medical clinic in western medical hospital, equip western medical care instrument in oriental medical hospital, improve oriental medical care instrument carry out a herb specialist system, balance the resonable medical care cost and effort for further study & research on oriental medicine to satisfy increasing need of oriental medicine.