• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2010

The Jeokseokji-uyeoryang-tang(赤石脂禹餘糧湯) text of "Sang-hanron(傷寒論)" is adopted in the chapter of So-eumin Interior Disease Pattern in "Dong-uisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)". In this study, I have attempted to analyze the Jeokseokji-uyeoryang-tang(赤石脂禹餘糧湯) texts for the purpose of understanding the So-eumin Interior Disease Pattern thoroughly. In specific, Ijema(李濟馬) stated that the Simhabigyeong(心下痞硬) symptom of the Jeokseokji-uyeoryang-tang(赤石脂禹餘糧湯) text is identical to the symptoms of other conditions that apply Sasimtang(瀉心湯). Which means that the disease pattern of Jeokseokji-uyeoryang-tang(赤石脂禹餘糧湯) is a intensified condition of that of Sasimtang(瀉心湯). Next, unlike Jang Jung-gyeong(張仲景) and other annotators of "Sang-hanron(傷寒論)", Ijema(李濟馬) did not perceive Ijungtang(理中湯) to manage the central cho(中焦). Instead, he perceived it appropriate for Tae-eumbyeong(太陰病_disease of Tae-eum), bringing the meaning of Jeokseokji-uyeoryang-tang(赤石脂禹餘糧湯) into the category of Sameumbyeong(三陰病_disease of the three eum). With this, he made it possible to compare and analyze the texts based on the Sameum/Samyang(三陰三陽) theory. Lastly, Ijema(李濟馬) perceived the symptoms of Jeokseokji-uyeoryang-tang(赤石脂禹餘糧湯) as So-eum pattern, and categorized it into Tae-eum pattern. Following this, a comprehensive review of Ijema(李濟馬)'s unique understanding of the Jeokseokji-uyeoryang-tang(赤石脂禹餘糧湯) text and its implications were discussed. This part is not included in this article, however, and will be exclusively dealt with in a subsequent article.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-24
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• 1992

This paper is aimed at finding out the clue to the medical solution to the pathological phenomena of the dehumanizing and demoralizing state of our society by centering around the Chiljeong that originates from Oriental Medicine, Sung Confucianism and Sa-sang Medicine(四象醫學). In these fields,the Chiljeong is based on the theory of Eum-yang and Viscera(陰陽.臟腑論) in Oriental Medicine, on the problems of good and evil in Sung Cunfucianism and on the theory of Sa-sang Visceral Localization(四象.臟局의 理論) in Sa-sang Medicine. The principles of geneation of Chiljeong : In case of Oriental Medicine, Sin(神) controls Chiljeong and of it is stored in five Viscera, it becomes Sin in the Heart, Hon(魂) in the Liver, Sa(思) in the Spleen, Bed-Woo(悲.憂) in the Lung, and Kyeong-Kong(驚.恐) in the Kidney. Then five Viscera react with outer stimuli or Sin, it gives off Chiljeong as Joy(from the Heart), Anger(from the Liver). Thought (from the Spleen), Anxiety and Sorrow(from the Lung) and Surprise and Fear(from the Kidney) In Sung Confucianism, Sim(心) comtrols Seong-jeong(性.情), and at the moment of that Sim gives off Jeong(情), it becomes good when the Li(理) gibes off itself and then Chi(氣) follows Li, or Chi gives off itself and is regulated optimally, out it becomes evil when Li cannot preside over Chi and then shaded by cloudy Chi. The pathology: If the Chiljeong exceeds one's capacity, the corresponding Vicsera will be damaged, and the Passions(喜.怒.哀.樂) that may harm to four types of constitution severly are the Joy and Pleasure(in Tae-eum-in 太陰人 and So-eum-in 少陰人) and Grief and Anger(in Tae-yang-in 太陽人 and So-yang-in 少陽人), so one should be alert on some passions by regrding his constitutional frailty. More over, because of the variations in Sa-sang Visceral Localyzatin there is various ability in human affairs, but as the clumsiness in human affairs may make him hurt by it, so one should be prevented from these passions and human affairs, that is flowing Joy and Participations(黨與) in Tae-yang-in, flowing Pleasure and Dwelings(居處) in So-yang-in, explosive Anger and Companies(交遇) in So-eum-in, explosive Grief and Affairs(事務) in Tae-eum-in. How to clutivate the human nature: The ulitmate purpose in Oriental Medicine is preserving Cheon-Jin(天眞), that is following the Tao(道) by making him be in harmony with the Chi(氣) of the Seasons and by living a simple life. In Sung Confucianism, the way preventing the lustful desire and preserving Cheon-li(天理) is to observate derectly the calm, original place of human nature with reverence, when Sim has nat given off itself yet, and when Sim has already given off, it also is to meditating on one's passion and thought that the principle of good should be researched on or the evil should be cut off according to it's being good or evil. Such like as these various aspects of research on the Chiljeong it will be helpful in understanding human nature by producing the various materials on it, moreover, by doing so, we can lead out appropriate solution on the confusions of judgement value and demoralization.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-lipogenic effect of Sobuncheong-eum on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in free fatty acid induced cellular model. Methods : HepG2 cells were treated with palmitate for 24h to overload intracellular triglyceride (TG) content in the presence or absence of Sobuncheong-eum extract. After palmitate treatment, Intracellular TG content was measured with TG assay kit. Several lipogenesis related markers, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), were assessed using Western-blot analyses and RT-PCR. Results : Palmitate markedly increased intracellular TG in HepG2 cells, and which were alleviated by coadministered Sobuncheong-eum extract. Sobuncheong-eum extract activated AMPK, which plays a key role in reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, and reduced lipogenic fators, SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS. Conclusions : Taken together, it is conceivable that Sobuncheong-eum has an potential to alleviate steatosis, and which may be mediated by activating AMPK at least in part.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.722-726
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• 2010

This study was to examine the neuroticism related to psychological characteristics of each Sasang types using SCL-90-R with 107 students from College of Oriental Medicine, Daeguhaani University. We did ANOVA analysis with seven neuroticism-related sub-scales and found significant differences in somatization (F=3.701, p=0.028) and hostility (F=4.396, p=0.015). The post-hoc analysis showed that the So-Yang type ($23.17{\pm}8.95$) has significantly (p=0.048, p=0.012) higher score than Tae-Eum ($19.25{\pm}5.97$) and So-Yang($19.25{\pm}5.76$) type in somatization. In hostility, the So-yang type ($11.31{\pm}3.98$) has significantly (p=0.011, p=0.015) higher score than Tae-Eum ($8.80{\pm}2.61$) and So-Eum ($9.44{\pm}3.35$) type. The ANOVA analysis with female subjects found significant differences in anxiety (F=3.88, p=0.03) and hostility (F=5.04, p=0.01). The post-hoc analysis showed that the So-Yang type ($20.36{\pm}5.44$, $12.36{\pm}3.82$) has significantly (p=0.043, p=0.015) higher score compared to the So-Eum type ($15.46{\pm}3.36$, $8.69{\pm}2.06$) in anxiety and hostility. The profile analysis using seven neuroticism-related subscalesof SCL-90-R did not revealed significant differences (Flatness with Greenhouse-Geisser (F=202.347, p=0.0001), Parallelism with Greenhouse-Geisser (F=1.428, p=0.191)). We discussed the implications of neuroticism in Sasang typology and SCL-90-R somatization, anxiety and hostility scales. This study showed opposite results compared to the previous studies that So-Eum type has higher neuroticism compared to the So-Yang and Tae-Eum type. The reason for this discrepancy between this and previous studies, and differences between male and female should be examined thoroughly with larger and balanced sample.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Objectives: In this study, the meditation programs (${\alpha}$ version), which are properly coordinated according to the motion, breathing, and relaxation, are evaluated and researched upon to have positive effects on stress and in the area of psychology. Methods: Approved by the Clinical Trials Deliberation Committee in Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, this study collected data according to the applicant's consents, demographic information and anthropometry for the Sasang Constitutional diagnosis. Sasang Constitutional diagnosis measured the beta tools by Institute of Oriental Medicine and a decision tree was made for the Sasang Constitutional questionnaires. The STAI, STAXI, BDI, and HRV were measured before and after the meditation in order to compare the effects of meditation according to Sasang Constitution. The HRV was used as a ProComP KM Tech (co). Results: 1) The positive changes available in the Time-domain analysis of heart rate variability assessment showed that the peace of mind is increased. By analyzing the Sasang constitution, So-eum In's peace of mind included a physical stability of the autonomic nervous system. 2) According to the psychological scale evaluation, each depression scale, trait anger, anger-in, state anxiety and trait anxiety index proved significantly positive effects. By analyzing the Sasang constitution, Eun-In which involved So-eum In and Tae-eum In, had positive effects. 3) The psychological scale changed the group of diagnosed depression or anxiety, it did not mean that the psychological scale changes in the depression group, but the index of the anxiety group had been significantly reduced. This program had clinical effects for anxious patients and Eum-In which involved Tae-eum In and So-eum In according to the analysis of Sasang constitution. 4) Correlations between the gender of each psychological scale showed that women have overall low correlations, but, there were no significant changes. Conclusions: The meditation program developed by adequately mixing Action, relaxation and breathing shows that it is effective for overall Eum-in physical and mental relaxation and concentration. In the future, It will have to be developed Meditation program to show the same effect for all people.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.34-46
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was to assess characteristics in acute stroke patients according to Sasangconstitution (SC). Methods : We assessed the type of SC of acute stroke patients in $2^{nd}$ Department of Internal Medicine at KyungHee University Oriental Hospital from October 2005 to September 2006. Each subject's SC type was confirmed when the result of QSCC II+ was in accordance with the opinion of the Sasangconstitutional medicine specialist. We investigated general characteristics, stroke type, blood test results, alcohol drinking, smoking and dietary preferences according to SC. Results: 108 subjects were included in the final analysis. This study showed that out of the total patients, the proportion of So-yang to Tae-eum to So-eum was equal to 5.5 to 3.5 to 1. Especially, men were higher proportion So-yang while women recorded a more significant ratio of Tae-eum. Also, the BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and WC/HC ratio recorded significantly high results. The result indicated that even though the Tae-eum let on the highest numerical value in the aspect of their past history and the final diagnosis, no significant difference was revealed according to SC. The ratio of cerebral infarction to cerebral hemorrhage was 9 to 1. SVO, LAA, SUE are the 3 types of cerebral infarction classified by TOAST; SVO ranked the highest while SUE ranked the lowest in all constitutions. The blood test result displayed that averages of both TL and the T-chol were the highest in Tae-eum while that of hematocrit in So-yangand that of HDL-chol in So-eum. However, there was no significant difference. There were no significant differences classified by gender or by SC in the aspect of the alcohol drinking and smoking history. The majority of So-yang and Tae-eum demonstrated a preference for meat while So-eum and So-yang displayed high preferences for sea food. Conclusions : With respect to these results. we could observe the general disposition of various characteristic distributions according to SC of acute stroke patients. For further research in this field. it seems necessary to construct fundamental databases for the prevention and treatment of stroke by increasing the number of patients observed and by analyzing delicate characteristics of each constitution type.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.127-153
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• 1997

사상의학(四象醫學)은 과거의학(過去醫學)에 비해 간명한 변증체계로 모든 병증을 포괄하고 있다. 그것은 음양변증(陰陽辨證)과 태소변증(太少辨證)으로 이루어지는 사상변증(四象辨證)이 음양변화를 정확히 사분(四分)하여 줌으로써, 과거의학의 팔망변증(八網辨證)이나 장부변증(臟腑辨證)이 지닌 변증의 혼잡성을 극복해주기 때문이다. 이러한 사상변증의 장점은 과거의학에서 제대로 파악하지 못했던 태음인 태양인의 호산(呼散)-흡취강약(吸聚强弱)의 병증 파악에서 보다 선명하게 드러난다. 이에 본 논고에서는 첫째, 동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)의 전편에 걸쳐 서술된 승강취산론(升降聚散論)을 살펴보고, 둘째 태음인(太陰人) 간수열(肝受熱) 이열병론(裏熱病論)의 양독증(陽毒症)과 조열병(燥熱病)에 인용된 과거 병론에서 병증의 음양 인식이 어떻게 변화해 왔는가를 조사하며, 셋째, 태음인(太陰人) 이열병(裏熱病)의 처방들이 어떻게 발전해왔는가를 조사함으로써, 태양인(太陽人) 이열병론(裏熱病論)에 나타난 동무의 음양관을 파악해 보았으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)에서 비신(脾腎)은 승양(升陽)-강음(降陰), 간폐(肝肺)는 호산(呼散)-흡취(吸聚)의 짝운동을 하는 것으로 본다. 따라서 소음인, 소양인의 병증은 음양승강(陰陽升降)의 병리로 분석되며, 태음인, 태양인의 병증은 음양취산(陰陽聚散)의 병리(病理)로 분석된다. 이러한 승강취산론(升降聚散論)은 과거의학의 승강부침론(升降浮沈論)과 개념은 같으나, 논리가 일관되지 못했던 과거의학과 달리 병리해석과 치법에 이르기까지 일관되게 체계화되어 있다. 예를 들어 태음인(太陰人) 이열병(裏熟病)은 욕화(欲火)로 인해 폐의 호산지기(呼散之氣)를 고갈시켜서 태음인의 장부특성인 '흡취지기(吸聚之氣) 태과(太過)-호산지기(呼散之氣) 부족(不足)'을 심화시킴으로써 오므로, 그 욕심을 놓고 폐(肺)의 호산지기(呼散之氣)를 회복시키는 약재를 쓰면 낫는다고 치법을 제시하였다. 내경(內經), 상한론(傷寒論) 시대에는 태음인(太陰人) 이열병(裏熱病)을 열증(熱證)으로만 인식하였다. 송원명(宋元明)의 의가(醫家)들은 태음인(太陰人) 이열병(裏熱病)의 병리(病理) 기전(機轉)을 '양기독성(陽氣獨盛) 음기폭절(陰氣暴絶)'로 해석하였으며, 치법(治法)을 '용산고지약(用酸苦之藥) 영음기복(令陰氣復) 이대한해(而大汗解)'로 제시하였다. 여기서의 음양의 뜻은 표리나 한열이아니라 기(氣)를 쓰는 것을 양, 기(氣)를 저축하는 것을 음으로 보는 포괄적인 음양의 개념이다. 따라서 흡취지기(吸聚之氣) 과다(過多)로 인한 태음인(太陰人) 간열증(肝熱證)과 하강지기(下降之氣)가 막혀서 오는 소양인(少陽人) 위열증(胃熱證)이 정확히 분별되지 못했다. 태음인(太陰人) 조열병(燥熱病)은 내경(內經)에서부터 인식되었으며, 열결(熱結)로 인해 조증(燥證)이 발생한다는 병리로 파악하였으나, 역시 소양인(少陽人) 위열병(胃熱證)의 소갈병(消渴病)과 정확히 구별하지 못하였다. 소양인(少陽人) 위열증(胃熱證)은 음기하강(陰氣下降)이 막혀 중상초(中上焦)에 병증이 나타나고, 태음인(太陰人) 간열증(肝熱證)은 호산지기(呼散之氣)가 고갈되어 중하초(中下焦)에 병증이 나타난다. 동무는 이러한 병증 분석을 통해 양독증(陽毒症)과 조열병(燥熱病)을 태음인 병증으로 인식했다고 판단된다. 의학사(醫學史) 초기에는 태음인 리열병증에 소양인(少陽人) 위열증(胃熱證) 약재와 태음인(太陰人) 간열증(肝熱證) 약재가 혼합된 청열방(淸熱方)들을 많이 썼다. 태음인(太陰人) 이열병방(裏熱病方)은 상한론에서 소음인 처방이나 소양인 처방에 갈근(葛根), 마황(麻黃), 승마(升麻) 등 태음인의 약재가 가미된 모습으로 출발하여, 주굉(朱肱)의 조중탕(調中湯)과 A 신(信)의 갈근해기탕(葛根解肌湯)으로 골격을 갖추었으며, 이를 모방(母方)으로 하여 태음인(太陰人) 갈근해기탕(葛根解肌湯)이 성립되었다. 그 외에 오행론(五行論)과 동의수세보원(束醫壽世保元)에서의 승강부침(升降浮沈)의 장부배속이 한 계절씩의 위상차이를 보이는 것은, 장부의 기능이 작용하여 현상으로 나타나는데 1/4주기의 시간차가 나는데 따른 것이라는 가설을 세워보았다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.337-348
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review previous clinical studies on underlying mechanisms of sleep-related type-specific pathophysiological symptoms among the Sasang types. Methods and Procedure: We reviewed seven research databases from December 2003 to August 2015 with the keywords Sasang typology, constitution and sleep. The Sasang type-specific sleep-related symptoms were analyzed based on seven categories, including subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medications and daytime dysfunction. Results: Total of twelve studies were included in the analysis. The Tae-Yang type showed low subjective sleep quality, long sleep latency and frequent awakening, and the So-Yang type showed long sleep latency. The Tae-Eum type presented high subjective sleep quality, short sleep duration, frequent snore, toss and turn during the sleep, and insomnia and low frequency of dream. The So-Eum type showed long sleep latency in male and high frequency of dream. The Eum type combining Tae-Eum and So-Eum types had higher subjective sleep quality, longer sleep duration and higher frequency of dream than the Yang type combining Tae-Yang and So-Yang types.Conclusions This study reviewed type-specific sleep-related characteristics and discussed possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Differences in sleep characteristics among the Sasang types might stem from type-specific temperaments and require further study.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

Previous studies have reported an association between poor sleep and various symptoms and diseases, such as fatigue, obesity, depression, and anxiety. The effects of poor sleep may differ by age and sex. In addition, sleep characteristics and their effects may vary according to Sasang constitutional type. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between sleep quality, fatigue, and quality of life and to assess whether these differ by constitutional type. Participants were individuals aged 40-69 years living in two Korean communities in 2012-2014. Sleep quality, fatigue, and quality of life were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Fatigue Severity Scale, and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey, respectively. The effects of total PSQI score and PSQI component scores were analyzed using a generalized additive model. A Korean Sasang constitutional diagnostic questionnaire was used to assess Sasang constitution. Data for 5,793 participants were analyzed. Poor sleep quality was related to greater fatigue, and lower physical and mental quality of life. The PSQI components including subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medications, and daytime dysfunction were associated with fatigue and physical and mental quality of life. Sleep quality was significantly lower in So-Eum compared to So-Yang and Tae-Eum. PSQI component scores for fatigue and quality of life differed significantly by Sasang constitution: for Tae-Eum, sleep latency and use of sleep medications; for So-Eum, daytime dysfunction; and for So-Yang, use of sleep medications and daytime dysfunction. The effects of different aspects of sleep quality differ by Sasang constitution. To improve sleep quality, interventions need to be tailored to constitutional type.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.399-443
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• 1989

In this thesis, I intend to study the translational and clinical interpretation through the syndrom of "Pyong-Yeol-Byong", and reached the following conclusions. 1. Eum-Yang-Kyo (陰陽交)' 1) Meaning: "Eum" means "Essential and vital energy" "Yang" means "Evil factor affecting health" and "Kyo" means "cross-struggle." 2) Location of disease: Heat evil enter Hyeol-Bun (血分) 3) Pathogenesis: Heat evil invade Eum-Bun (陰分) and struggles with Health energy, therefore Eum-Chung (陰精) is exhausted and Heat-evil doesn't disapper, it damage Eum and exhaust fluid. Reach fever, rapid pulse raving and unable to take meal, not controled by sweating and sceach death. 4) Particularity of Syndrome: Heat enter Hyol-Bun, and Evil factor is enough and Health energy is insufficient, so that reveal the symptoms of high fever, delirium with coma, unable to take meals. 5) Therapy: It clears Gi-Bun heat evil (氣分熱邪) by Gypsum, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Forsythiae, Fructus Gardeniae, Radix Scutellanae Rhizoma Coptidis, and cools Blood by Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici, Radix Rehmanniae, Cortex Moutan Radicis, Dae-Chung-Yob (大靑葉) Radix Arnebiae Seu Lithospermi. 2. Poong Gweol (風厥) 1) Meaning: Poong means wind-evil, Gweol means reversing up. 2) Location of disease: Disease complexes with TaeYang (太陽) in outer part, and with So-Eum (少陰) in inner part. 3) Pathogenesis: Tae-Yang-Gyeong (太陽經) accept wind-evil and So-Eum-Gyeong (少陽經) Kidney Energy reverse up so that fidgetiness not resolves by sweating. 4) Particularity of Syndrome: There are outer symptoms of fever, hydrosis with inner symptoms of fidgetinessis. 5) Therapy: Reduce Jok-Tae-Yang (足太陽) and Supply Jok-So-Eum (足少陰) by accupuncture, so cure Poong Gweol and make balance between Yeong (營) and Wi (衛). 3. Scrofula coused by wind-evil (勞風) 1) Meaning: It means accepting wind evil rest less. 2) Location of Disease: It locates lung 3) Pathogenesis: Because of accepting wind-evil restless, he take scrofula with damaging lung. 4) Particularity of disease: It is lung disease of aversion to wind and shiver, nape-stiffiness, dim eyesight, cough, disphea, vomitting sputum, if one camnot vomit sputum, he died by damage of lung. 5) Therapy: The period of therapy is different by age or strength of health energy, so I think must prevent Eum deficiency and clear fever no reduced in lung. 4. Shin-Poong (腎風) 1) Meaning: It means taking edema by accepting wind-evil, because the kidney controls water. 2) Location of Disease: It is that wind-evil envade kidney. 3) Pathogenesis : Water evil of kidney with wind-heat rises up to face, reach edema, puffines s of the lower eyelid, floating pulse, bombus, yellowish urine, hydrosis and hand-heating, drymouth and excessive thirsty, walkless by heaviness, menstrual disfunction, restless and unable to take meals, unable to lie flat, heavy cough if lie flat, and accepting wind-evil by deficiency of kidney function, so the function of dredging the water passage is not smooth, symptom of water and symptom of wind reveal together. 4) Therapy: Remove wind-heat, promote diuresis to eliminate tile wetness-evil, supplement the dificiency of kidney's Eum. Finally, we can know that later Fever Disease Medicime (溫病學) is affected to the theory of "Pyong Yeol Byong" in 33th Chapter of SoMoon (素問).