• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.507-512
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• 2000

This study set out to improve the physical and pharmaceutical characteristics of the present formulation using an appropriate experimental design. The work described here concerns the formulation of the dispersible tablet applying direct compression method containing roxithromycin in the form of coated granules. In this study $2^3$ factorial design was used as screening test model and Central Composite Design (CCC) associated with response surface methodology was used as optimization study model to develop and to optimize the proper formulation of roxithromycin dispersible tablet. The three independent variables investigated were functional excipients like binder (X1), disintegrant (X2) and lubricant (X3). The effects of these variables were investigated on the following responses: hardness (Y1), friability (Y2) and disintegration time (Y3) of tablet. Three replicates at the center levels of the each design were used to independently calculate the experimental error and to detect any curvature in the response surface. This enabled the best formulations to be selected objectively. The effect order of each term to all response variable was X3> X2> Xl> X1＊X2> X2＊X2> X2＊X3> X3＊X3> Xl＊X3> Xl＊Xl and model equations on each response variables were generated. Optimized compositions of formula were accordingly computed using those model equations and confirmed by following demonstration study. As a result, this study has demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of using a systematic formulation optimization process to develop the tablet formulation of roxithromycin dispersible tablet with limited experiment.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1974

Tablet product design problem was structured as constrained optimization problem and subsequently solved by multiple regression analysis and Lagrangian method of optimization. Aluminum flufenamate was the drug chosen and microcrystalline cellulose nad starch were the binder and disintegrant, respectivley. The effect of the binder and disintegrant concentration on tablet hardness, friability, volume, in vitro release rate, and urinary excretion rate of drug in human subjects was recorded. Since a reasonably rapid release rate of drug is generally an important objective in the design of solid dosage form, optimization of this parameter was employed in studying the applicability of constrained optimization to a pharmaceutical product design problem. In addition to finding optimal sitivity analysis studies to such problems was also illustratd. It would appear that prediction of the in vivo t$_{50%}$ response from a knowledge of the incitro t$_{50%}$ response can be made fairly accurately for the tablet system used in this study.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1976

Prednisolone tablet product design problem was structured as constrained optimization problem and subsequently solved by multiple regression analysis and Lagrangian method of optimixation. Prednisolone was the drug chosen and anhydrous lactose and corn starch were the adjuvants. The effect of anhydrous lactose and corn starch concentrations on tablet hardness, volume, disintegration time and in vitro release rate was studied. The concentrations of anhydrous lactose and corn starch used in this experiment were 30-60 percent and 5-30 percent, respectively. A full second-order (quadratic) model with all possible two-factor interactions was employed. To obtain the values of anhydrous lactose and corn starch which miniumize the in vitro : release time (t$_{60%}$) subject to the constraint on tablet hardness, disintegration time and volume, we solved the Lagrange function. Multiple correlation coefficients for the regression models were correlated at less than 0.05 level and it was found that the optimum concentrations of anhydrous lactose and corn starch were 45 percent and 21 percent, respectively.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.355-372
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the performance and usability of ten-finger text entry on Tablet PCs. Background: Generally a soft keyboard is used on Tablet PCs. However, the soft keyboard's performance is usually worse than physical keyboard's performance. In this study, we proposed a modified keyboard for tablet PCs to improve the performance of ten-finger text entry and evaluated the performance and subjective ratings of the keyboard. Method: The modified soft keyboard that is suggested in this study was compared with current Google and Samsung soft keyboards on Tablet PCs. Results: The three keyboards were not significantly different in terms of typing speed, error rate, and mental workload and showed bad performance. Also, the subjective ratings were not shown positively. Conclusion: Based on our results, ten-finger text entry using soft keyboards on Tablet PCs seems to be very difficult. However, we need to research the possibility continuously since ten-finger text entry can improve typing speed. Application: Our study can be a starting point of research that explores ten-finger text entry on Tablet PCs. The new soft keyboard design can be one of the soft keyboard alternatives. However, the key factors to improve the performance and usability of the soft keyboard will not be 'key size' or 'convenience to typing special characters or numbers', but other factors (e.g., 'tactile feedback').

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 1989

Even though two different preparations are chemically equivalent, the variance of bioavailability differenciates the clinical effect of preparations, so that the preparations need to be evaluated by comparing bioavailability in vivo as well as chemical equivalence. In this study, bioequivalence tests of commercially available isoniazid tablets A, B, C and D (standard) were performed to give some guidelines to bioequivalence test. The bioavailability parameters obtained by drug administeration were statistically analyzed. Statistical evaluation of the data involved an analysis of variance for a cross over design. Cross over design was employed with 8 healthy volunteers. The results were within 20% difference of mean value in the AUC, Cmax, Tmax and amount of urinary excretion (Au) between standard and isoniazid tablets. The results of ANOVA showed no significant differences for 'group or sequence', but almost not for 'between subjects'. The tablet. A, B and D were within 20 min, but tablet C was within 50 min. Tablet A was biologically equivalent in the Au. tablet B biologically equivalent in the Au and AUC. Tablet C was biologically equivalent in the Au. The relationship between the dissolution rate and Au was significant.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-138
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• 2015

Purpose The number of Tablet PC users has recently increased in steep, which started to offer media companies more opportunities to enter into a new business field. Based on Information System Success model, this study finds that tablet magazine's quality factors influence perceived usefulness, user satisfaction and intention of continuous use. Design/methodology/approach We conducted a survey for 20-40's Tablet PC users. After pilot study, we analyzed the main survey data by using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0, and employed structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. Findings Our research results are summarized as follows : First, information quality has a positive impact on user satisfaction, but not on perceived usefulness. Second, service quality has a positive impact on perceived usefulness, but not on user satisfaction. Third, perceived usefulness positively influences user satisfaction. Fourth, user satisfaction positively influences the intention of continuous use. In particular we found that Tablet PC usage experience had a moderating effect on the relationship between perceived usefulness and user satisfaction.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 1996

The matrix tablet containing sodium alginate and $CaHPO_4$ can release drugs in a controlled fashion from hydrogel with gelling and swelling due to their interaction as water penetrates the matrices of the tablet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate release characteristics of the matrix tablet varying the amount of sodium alginate, $CaHPO_4$ and other excipients such as chitosan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and $Eudragit^{\circledR}$ RS100 in the simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. The practically soluble ibuprofen was used as a model drug. The release profiles of matrix tablet in the gastric fluid as a function of sodium alginate/$CaHPO_4$ ratio was not pronounced because of low solubility of drug and stability of alginate matrices. However, release rate of drug from the matrix tablet in the intestinal fluid was largely changed when sodium alginate/$CaHPO_4$ ratio was increased, suggesting that the ratio of sodium alginate/$CaHPO_4$ was an important factor to control the gelling and swelling of the matrix tablet. The incorporation of other excipients into the matrix tablet also influenced the release rate of drug. The chitosan and HPMC decreased the release rate of drug. No release of drug was occurred when $Eudragit^{\circledR}$ RS100 was added into the tablet. The retarded release of matrix tablet when excipients were added resulted from the hindrance of swelling and gelling of the matrix tablet containing sodium alginate and $CaHPO_4$. The hardness and bulk density of the matrix tablet was not correlated with release rate of drug in the study. From these findings, the ratio of sodium alginate and $CaHPO_4$ in the matrix tablet in addition to incorporation of excipients could be very important to control the release rate of drug in dosage form design.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2016

Recently, demands on the tapping machine are increased due to the case of a cell phone is changed to metal such as aluminum. The automatic tool changer (ATC) is one of the most important devices for the tapping machine related to the speed and energy consumption of the machine. To reduce the consumed energy and vibration, the dynamic modeling is essential for the ATC. In this paper, inverse dynamic modeling of a novel ATC mechanism is introduced. The proposed ATC mechanism is composed of a double four-bar mechanism with a circular tablet to generate continuous rotation of the tablet. The dynamic modeling is performed based on the Lagrange equation with a modeling for the contact between the four-bar and the tablet. Simulation results for various working conditions are proposed and analyzed for the prototype design. The dynamic modeling can be applied to determine the proper actuator and to reduce the vibration and consumed energy for the ATC machine.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.297-304
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• 2010

The present work focuses on preparation of olanzapine, orally dispersing tablets by direct compression method. Effect of super disintegrant crospovidone, disintegration time, drug content on in vitro release has been studied. A factorial design was employed in formulating a prompt dispersible tablet. The selected independent variables crospovidone and fmelt showed significant effect on dependent variables i.e. disintegration time and percent drug dissolved. Disintegration time and percent drug dissolved decreased with increase in the level of crospovidone. The similarity factor $f_2$ was found to be 97.48 for the developed formulation indicating the release was similar to that of the marketed formulation. Pharmacokinetics of olanzapine after single-dose oral administration of orally disintegrating tablet in normal volunteers were evaluated and the results showed that PK parameters (Cmax, Tmax, AUC) of the designed ODT matrix were similar to those of commercial product, Zyprexa Zydis$^{(R)}$ as a reference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.447-450
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• 2014

In this paper efficient design of wireless tablet system using GalaxyNote device for PC was proposed. The designed portable tablet consists of GalaxyNote device, Stylus Pen, and Bluetooth-to-serial converter. To transmit coordinate information of Stylus Pen on GalaxyNote device to PC, wireless portable tablet uses bluetooth wireless communications. After the custom mouse filter driver divides received coordinate into x-coordinate and y-coordinate, it controls position of mouse pointer using the converted coordinates while Windows application programs are running.