• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.61-65
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• 1999

The fluorescence properties and photoisomerization behavior of 1-(9-anthryl)-2-(n-quinolinyl)ethene (n-AQE, n=2-4) have been investigated in various solvents. t-3-AQE is strongly fluorescent, but does not accomplish photoisomerization, similar to parent hydrocarbon compound, t-1-(9-anthryl)-2-phenylethene (t-9-APE) or t-1-(9-anthryl)-2-(1-naphthyl)ethene (t-1-ANE). Fluorescence and photoisomerization oft-2-AQE and t-4-AQE are strongly affected by solvent polarity. Dependence of fluorescence quantum yield on the solvent polarity is moderate for t-2-AQE and large for t-4-AQE. In nonpolar solvent (in n-hexane), they exhibit relatively strong fluorescence, but do not isomerize to cis isomer on irradiation, even if inefficient isomerization is observed for t-4-AQE. However, as solvent polarity increases, their fluorescences become weak with efficient photoisomerization to corresponding cis isomer. Intramolecular charge-transfer excited state is presumed to contribute to photoisomerization. The S$_1$ decay parameters were found to be solvent-dependent due to the charge-transfer character of lowest S$_1$ state. In polar solvents, the activation barrier to twisting is reduced enhancing the isomerization of r-2-AQE and t-4-AQE in the singlet manifold.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2004

Objectives : To examine the effects of Gojineumja on white rats which deteriorated immunity caused by Methotrexate(MTX), first of all, MTX was fed to the rats once a day for 4 day. Methods : After the immune response of the rats are deteriorated, dried extracts of Gojineumja(GJE) mixed in water was fed to the white rats once a day for l4days. The next conclusion was made by examining the rates of B-cells and T-cells of the peripheral blood and the changes in rates of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T -cells of the blood sampled from the spleen and peripheral region. Especially the count of CD3+ CD4+ T-cells of the peripheral blood and the count of CD3+ CD4+ T-cells of the spleen the count of CD4+/ CD8+ T-cell of the peripheral blood and the spleen proved the significant effect of increasing immune responses statistically. Results :(1) The following are the summary of the results. (2) The percentage of B lymphocyte of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (3) The percentage of CD3+ CD4+ T-cell of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (4) The percentage of CD3+ CD8+ T-cell of peripheral blood was not different statistically. (5) The percentage of CD4+/ CD8+ T-cell of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (6) The percentage of CD3+ CD4+ T-cell of spleen was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (7) The percentage of CD3+ CD8+ T-cell was not different statistically. (8) The percentage of CD4+ /CD8+ T-cell was not different statistically. Conclusions : Gojineumja has an effect of increasing immune responses on white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by MTX.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2020

MRI 검사가 필요한 유방조직확장기 삽입 환자에 대해 체내 안전성을 평가하고자한다. 토크는 1.5 T 정방향 진입 시 0 ml, 150 ml, 300 ml, 450 ml 각각 4, 3, 3, 2이었고, 1.5 T 역방향 진입 시 각각 4, 4, 4, 3이었다. 3.0 T 환경에서는 모든 조건에서 4를 나타냈다. 뒤집힘 실험은 1.5 T 환경에서 300 ml 이상에서 뒤집힘이 발생하지 않았고, 3.0 T 환경에서는 대부분 뒤집힘이 발생하였다. 유방조직확장기 삽입 환자의 MRI 검사는 안전성 측면에서는 3.0 T는 피하고 1.5 T에서 조건부로 가능하다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.332-338
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate weight gain and prevention of diarrhea in suckling calves which were injected with recombinant bovine somatopropin (rBST). A total of 101 breeding cows were assigned to the six groups according to the administered dosage and injected time, respectively. Groups T-1, T-3, T-4 and T-6 were injected starting 1 week before calving and groups T-2 and T-5 were injected on the calving day. The six groups were injected five times at two week intervals. Groups T-1 and T-2 were injected with 250mg composite rBST, Group T-3 was injected with 375 mg composite rBST. Groups T-4 and T-5 were injected with 500mg composite rBST, And group T-6 was injected with 500mg rBST-S. The control group was not injected with BST. The groups injected with 500 mg BrST had a lower rate of morbidity from diarrhea than the control group or the groups injected with 250 mg rBST (T-1 and T-2). Weight gain was higher in group T-4 than in the control group or groups T-1 and T-2. In Korean Native Cattle, the total weight gain was greater in group T-4 than in the control group (p<0.05). In crossbred cows, total weight gain was the highest in group T-4, and the total weight gain rate was greater than in group T-4 and the control group (p<0.05). The results of the hematological values showed that injections of rBST did not affect the level of the RBC, TP and BUN in the breeding cows at 9 weeks after postpartum or the neonatal calves. The results of this study indicate that injecting breeding cows with 500 mg rBST before calving would be effective in the preventing of diarrhea and in increasing weight gain of calves from birth to weaning.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.193-212
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• 1992

Comparative hormones quantities on the blood analysis was carried out to investigate the hormones specific characters on the blood in four types of physical constitution. Thyroid-stimulating (TSH), triiodothyronine($T_3$), triiodothyronine uptake($T_3$ uptake), free triiodothyronine(free $T_3$), thyroxine($T_4$), free thyroxine (free $T_4$), thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG), adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone were measured. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The value of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of So-EUM-IN was increased and SO-YANG-IN was decreased. 2. The value of triiodothyronine($T_3$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of TAE-EUM-IN was decreased. 3. The value of triiodothyronine uptake($T_3$ uptake) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-IN, TAE-EUM-In and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 4. The value of free triiodothyronine(free $T_3$) on the constitution didn't shown signifcant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-In, TAE-EUM-In and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 5. The value of thyroxine($T_4$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed difference. 6. The value of free thyroxine(free $T_4$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 7. The value of thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference. 8. The value of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference. 9. The value of luteinizing hormone(LH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-IN, TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 10. The value of testosterone on the constitution didn't shown significant difference.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 1993

폐흡충 피낭유충을 BALB/c 마우스에 경구 감염시킨 후 마우스를 시기별(3일, 1주, 2주, 3주, 4주, 5주, 7주, 9주, 13주 및 23주)로 희생시켜 말초혈액내 호산구수와 혈청내 IgE 항체가를 측정하는 한편 비장 림프구를 분리하여 림프구 아군(helper T, cytotoxic / suppressor T, pan T)에 대한 단세포군 항체를 결합시켜 EPICS C fluorocytometer로 분석하였다. 폐흡충에 대한 혈청내 총 IgE 항체가는 감염 3주부터 증가되어 감염 4주에 높게 증가되었으며 13주 이후 23주까지 높은 항체가가 유지되었다. 말초혈액내 호산구수는 감염 2주 부터 증가되어 감염 9주에 $664.1/\textrm{mm}^3$으로 가장 증가 되었으며 그 이후에는 감소하여 23주에는 정상보다 약간 증가되었다. 폐흡충을 감염시키고 감염 3일, 1주, 2주, 3주, 4주, 7주 및 23주에 T 림프구 아군을 분석한 결과 L3T4 helper T 림프구와 Lyt-2 cytotoxic / suppressor T 림프구의 비율은 감염 군에서 감염 초기에 대조군에 비해 약간 감소된 경향을 보였으나 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Thy 1.2 pan T 림프구의 비율은 감염 2주와 4주에 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소되었고(P<0.05) 7주 이후에는 대조군과 비슷하였다. 이러한 결과들로 보아 마우스의 폐흡충감염에서 특이 항원이나 마이토젠의 자극이 없이는 비장킬프구의 아군분포에 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 생각된다. 생각된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.179-191
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• 1990

활성효모의 첨가가 산란계에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 5개의 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 1과 2는 하절기에 실시하였는데 시험 1에서는 37주령의 Dekalb-Delta 산란계, 시험 2에서는 100주령의 환우계 Nick-Chick Brown 산란계를 공시하였다. 각 시험에 있어서 240수를 2처리 6반복으로 반복당 20수씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 시험사요는 대조구($T_1$)와 괄기효모 첨가수준이 0.05%인 첨가구($T_2$)로 하여 시험 1은 4주간, 시험 2는 3주간에 걸쳐서 실시하였다. 3개의 시험은 동절기에 실시하였는데 시험 3과 4는 각각 54영 및 52주령의 Hy-Line산란계, 시험 5는 36주령의 육용종계를 공시하였다. 시험은 각각 540수를 3처리 6반복으로 반복당 30수적 완전임의 배치하였다. 시험사료는 대조구($T_1$), 활성순모 0.05% 첨가구($T_2$) 및 0. 1 % 첨가구($T_3$)로 하여 시험 3과 4는 6주간 및 9주간 그리고 시험 5는 4주간에 걸쳐서 실시하였다. 시험 4는 시험사료를 3주마다 회전시켰을 때의 효과를 알아보기 위해 라틴 방각으로 배치하였다. 시험계는 일반농가에서 사육되었으며, 시험사료는 일반시중사료를 사용하였다. 시험 1에서 산란율은$T_2$가 높았으며(P＜0.05), 4주간의 평균에서는 유의차가 없었다. 사료효율은 2주에서 고도의 유의차가 있었지만(P＜0.01), 4주간의 평균에서는 유의차가 없었다. 난중과 연ㆍ파난율 및 사망율에서는 유의차가 없었다. 시험 2에서 산란율은 $T_2$가 높았으며(P＜0.05), 사요악률은 2주와 3주에서 $T_2$가 유의하게(P＜0.05, P＜0.01)좋았으나 3주간의 평균에서는 유의차가 없었다. 연난발생률은 $T_2$가 높았지만(P＜0.05) 1외 다른 조사항목에서는 유의차가 없었다. 시험 3에서 산란율은 처리간에 유의차가 있었고(P＜0.05), $T_3$는 $T_2$보다 그리고 $T_2$는 $T_1$보다 높았다. $T_1$과 $T_2$의 난중은 $T_3$보다 무거웠고(P＜0.05), $T_2$와 의 사료섭취양은$T_1$에 비해 6주에서 높았지만 (P＜0.05), 전 기간 평균에서는 유의차가 없었다. 연난발생율은 처리간에 고도의 유의차가 있었으며(P＜0.01). $T_1$은 $T_3$보다 높았고, $T_3$는 $T_2$보다 높았다. 사료효율, 연난발생률. 사망율에서는 유의차가 없었다. 시험 4에서 산란율은 활성효모 첨가수준을 증가시킬수록 증가하는 경향이 있었지만 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 그외 다른 조사항목에서도 유의차는 없었다. 시험 5에서 육용종계의 산란율은 $T_3$가 $T_1$보다 유의하게 높았다(P＜0.01). 사료섭취양은 3주에서는 $T_3$과 $T_1$ $T_2$보다 높았지만(P＜0.05) 전 기간 평균에서는 유의차가 없었다. 수정률 및 부화율은 대조구보다 첨가구가 높은 경향이 있었다

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the feeding effect of a diet containing Cordyceps with fly pupa on the changes in blood lipid profile from broiler chickens, fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in chicken meat. A total of 360 chicks (Ross strain 308) were divided on hatch day into four treated groups with respect to a 35-day feeding regimen: T1 (control group), T2 (2.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa), T3 (3.5% Corceps with fly pupa) and T3 (5.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa). Blood triacylglyceride and total cholesterol level was significantly decreased by 5.32-10.63% and 9.23-12.62%, respectively, in groups T2, T3 and T4 when compared to T1 (p<0.05). Water holding capacity was significantly highest in T2 (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences among groups T2, T3 and T. In chicken meat, the ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid was high in the T3 and T4 groups, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid was low in the T2, T3 and T4 groups and oleic acid (18:1n-9) was high in the T2, T3 and T4 groups, when compared to T1 (p<0.05). TBARS tended to increase according to the storage time (in days), and was significantly lower in the chicken thigh muscles with skin in groups T2, T3 and T4 as compared to T1 (p<0.05). These results suggest that a diet containing 2.0-3.5% of Cordyceps with fly pupa may decrease blood lipid and improve both the shelf-life and quality of broiler chicken meat.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2010

Background: We tested the hypothesis that dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is associated with a $T_H1$-skewed immune response as opposed to dengue fever (DF). Methods: We estimated intracellular (in T-cells) and serum levels of designate $T_H1/T_H2$ cytokines [interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$] and macrophage inflammatory protein-$1{\alpha}$ (MIP-$1{\alpha}$) at admission, 48h, and day 5 in 20 adults with dengue (DF=10, DHF=10) and 10 dengue-naive healthy controls. Results: At admission, intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells and proportion of MIP-$1{\alpha}$-positive CD8+ T-cells were significantly higher in patients with DHF [7.21 (5.36~10.81) vs. 3.04 (1.75~4.02); p=0.011 and 6.2% (3.2~8.2%) vs. 2.4% (2.0~3.6%); p=0.023]. The latter showed a significant positive correlation with IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells (Spearman's rho=0.64; p=0.003), percentage-change in haematocrit (rho=0.47; p=0.048), and serum alanine amino-transferase level (rho=0.61; p=0.009). Conclusion: We conclude that DHF is associated with a $T_H1$-skewed immune response. Further, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ in CD8+ T-cells is an important immunologic correlate of disease severity in dengue.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2023

While CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells have long been considered the primary effector in controlling tumors, the involvement of CD4⁺ "helper" T cells in anti-tumor immunity has been underappreciated. The investigations of intra-tumoral T cells, fueled by the recent advances in genomic technologies, have led to a rethinking of the indirect role of CD4⁺ T cells that have traditionally been described as a "helper". Accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that CD4⁺ T cells can acquire intrinsic cytotoxic properties and directly kill various types of tumor cells in a major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)-dependent manner, as opposed to the indirect "helper" function, thus underscoring a potentially critical contribution of CD4⁺ cytotoxic T cells to immune responses against a wide range of tumor types. Here, we discuss the biological properties of anti-tumor CD4⁺ T cells with cytotoxic capability and highlight the emerging observations suggesting their more significant role in anti-tumor immunity than previously appreciated.