• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.202-208
• /
• 2016

The scope of activities of the visually impaired is increasing. But they are not easy to visit the destination safely because the building was complicated and larger than ever. There is a guide system for visually impaired such as GPS and Audio alerts, Braille guide block, Acoustic signaller, etc. But they are not suitable for indoor because most of them are the outdoor guide system. Therefore, in this paper, I propose a system that provides guidance information to the visually impaired using Voice Technology, TTS (Text to Speech) and Haptic Technology, Beacon based on the wireless sensor networks. It informed the visually impaired of guidance information about destination such as distance, height, and obstacle to the destination using the generalized smart phone. The user could be received guide info about searches for the optimal route to the destination using the TTS technology and Haptic technology in test result of the proposed system.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.217-220
• /
• 2007

This study outlines a small-sized dialog style ETRI Korean TTS system which applies a HMM based speech synthesis techniques. In order to build the VoiceFont, dialog-style 500 sentences were used in training HMM. And the context information about phonemes, syllables, words, phrases and sentence were extracted fully automatically to build context-dependent HMM. In training the acoustic model, acoustic features such as Mel-cepstrums, logF0 and its delta, delta-delta were used. The size of the VoiceFont which was built through the training is 0.93Mb. The developed HMM-based TTS system were installed on the ARM720T processor which operates 60MHz clocks/second. To reduce computation time, the MLSA inverse filtering module is implemented with Assembly language. The speed of the fully implemented system is the 1.73 times faster than real time.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2010

Large corpus-based concatenating Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems can generate natural synthetic speech without additional signal processing. Because the improvements in the natualness, personality, speaking style, emotions of synthetic speech need the increase of the size of speech DB, it is necessary to prune the redundant speech segments in a large speech segment DB. In this paper, we propose a new method to construct a segmental speech DB for the Korean TTS system based on a clustering algorithm to downsize the segmental speech DB. For the performance test, the synthetic speech was generated using the Korean TTS system which consists of the language processing module, prosody processing module, segment selection module, speech concatenation module, and segmental speech DB. And MOS test was executed with the a set of synthetic speech generated with 4 different segmental speech DBs. We constructed 4 different segmental speech DB by combining CM1(or CM2) tree clustering method and full DB (or reduced DB). Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the size of speech DB by 23% and get high MOS in the perception test. Therefore the proposed method can be applied to make a small sized TTS.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.141-144
• /
• 2003

The transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) of scopolamine has various advantages over its oral dosage forms. The ideal scopolamine TTS requires high skin permeation rate in short time after it is applied on the skin. In order to increase the initial skin permeation rate of scopolamine from TTS, various permeation enhancers were employed. Enhancers employed were fatty acids (oleic and linolenic acids), cyclic monoterpenes (menthol, camphor, cineole and limonene) and others (isopropyl myristate, sodium lauryl sulfate and glyceryl monostearate). The concentration of enhancers in the base were fixed to 5% (w/w). While fatty acids had little enhancing effect on the skin permeation of scopolamine, cyclic monoterpenes, isopropyl myristate and sodium lauryl sulfate resulted in $1.5{\sim}2.6-fold$ higher skin permeation rate of the drug compared to the control. However, lag time was not affected by enhancers studied.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.2E
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2009

To get more natural synthetic speech generated by a Korean TTS (Text-To-Speech) system, we have to know all the possible prosodic rules in Korean spoken language. We should find out these rules from linguistic, phonetic information or from real speech. In general, all of these rules should be integrated into a prosody-generation algorithm in a TTS system. But this algorithm cannot cover up all the possible prosodic rules in a language and it is not perfect, so the naturalness of synthesized speech cannot be as good as we expect. ANNs (Artificial Neural Networks) can be trained to learn the prosodic rules in Korean spoken language. To train and test ANNs, we need to prepare the prosodic patterns of all the phonemic segments in a prosodic corpus. A prosodic corpus will include meaningful sentences to represent all the possible prosodic rules. Sentences in the corpus were made by picking up a series of words from the list of PB (phonetically Balanced) isolated words. These sentences in the corpus were read by speakers, recorded, and collected as a speech database. By analyzing recorded real speech, we can extract prosodic pattern about each phoneme, and assign them as target and test patterns for ANNs. ANNs can learn the prosody from natural speech and generate prosodic patterns of the central phonemic segment in phoneme strings as output response of ANNs when phoneme strings of a sentence are given to ANNs as input stimuli.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• autumn
• /
• pp.109-112
• /
• 2001

본 논문에서는 한국어 Trainable TTS System의 자연스러운 음성 합성을 위해 400문장(어절수 : 6,220, 음운수: 총43,701: 자음 23,899,모음: 19,802)에 대하여 단일 남성화자가 발성한 문 음성 데이터를 음운레벨세그먼트, 음운 라벨링 ,어절간의 띄어쓰기 ,어절에 대한 음운별 품사가 태깅된 문 음성 코퍼스를 사용하여 음운 환경과 품사에 의하여 음운의 지속시간이 어떻게 변화하는가에 대하여 통계적으로 분석하였다. 그리고 음운 지속시간을 보다 정교하게 예측하기 위하여, 각 음운에 대한 고유 지속시간의 영향이 배제된 정규화 음운지속시간에 대한 회귀트리를 이용하여 정규화 지속시간에 영향을 미치는 특징요소들 간의 관계를 통계적인 방법으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 문법적인 특징요소를 나타내는 요소들간에 서로 상관이 높게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다 그리고 이러한 경우 유사한 특징 요소들간에 상관이 1에 가까울 정도로 상관이 높은 요소들의 경우 예측지수가 낮은 요소들을 제거하여도 지속시간변화에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 그 결과 문법적 성질이 유사한 특징 요소들을 회귀트리를 통해 모델링할 경우에 요소들간의 상관정도를 분석하여 최소한의 특징요소들을 선택 할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다 그리고 이를 토대로 한 정규화 회귀트리의 모델링이 지속시간 회귀트리 모델링보다 우수함을 입증하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.2C
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2008

Since a 2-dimensional (2D) bar code can retrieve data and information quickly, it is widely used and recognized as a useful tool for many industrial applications. However, the information capacity of the 2D bar code is still limited. Recently the analog-digital code (AD code), which has the largest storage capacity yet contained in a code, has been developed, thereby expanding the bar code's application range because it overcomes the limitation of data capacity. In this paper, we present the AD code and implement an effective embedded system which can transform text information into voice using the 2D AD code and Text To Speech (TTS). This voice information can also be transmitted to blind people as well as the old by capturing the AD code on paper or in books.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.46
• /
• pp.51-64
• /
• 2003

In order to produce high quality synthesized speech, it is very important to get an accurate grapheme-to-phoneme conversion and prosody model from texts using natural language processing. Robust preprocessing for non-Korean characters should also be required. In this paper, we analyzed Korean texts using a morphological analyzer, part-of-speech tagger and syntactic chunker. We present a new grapheme-to-phoneme conversion method for Korean using a hybrid method with a phonetic pattern dictionary and CCV (consonant vowel) LTS (letter to sound) rules, for unlimited vocabulary Korean TTS. We constructed a prosody model using a probabilistic method and decision tree-based method. The probabilistic method atone usually suffers from performance degradation due to inherent data sparseness problems. So we adopted tree-based error correction to overcome these training data limitations.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.126-131
• /
• 2000

Transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) is often used as the method of drug dosage into the epidermic skin. Natural polymer were selected as ointment material of TTS. We investigated the permeation of natural polymer ointment containing drug in rat skin using horizontal membrane cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water-soluble drug such as oxiniacic acid in vitro. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was mainly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. Proper selection of the polymeric materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate. This result suggests a possible use of natural polymer ointment base as TTS of antihyperlipoproteinemic agent.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.266-270
• /
• 2009

IT 관련 산업의 발전에 의한 저변의 확대로 장애우들의 IT 사용 수요가 늘고 있다. 본 논문에서는 IT분야에서 가장 기초적으로 활용되는 E-Mail을 시각 장애우가 활용 하는 데에 불편함이 없도록 하는 이메일 매니저 개발에 관련된 기법에 대해 논하고자 한다. TTS(Text-To Speech : 문자 텍스트를 음성으로 전환하여 들려줌)와 음성키보드(키보드 입력 시 입력한 문자를 음성으로 알려줌) 기능으로 시각 장애우가 이메일을 사용함에 있어 불편함을 느끼지 않도록 하였으며 본 시스템의 TTS 알고리즘은 국어 표준발음법을 참고로 하여 자바로 구현 하였다.