• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2013

갑상선호르몬(TH)은 가금의 성장에서 중요한 유전자로 보고되었다. TH의 생성과 분비를 조절하는 갑상선자극호르몬(TSH)은 ${\alpha}$-subunit와 ${\beta}$-subunit으로 구성되어 있으며, ${\beta}$-subunit의 다양한 특징에 의해 갑상선자극호르몬이 특이적인 활성을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. TSH-${\beta}$는 닭의 26번 염색체에 존재하며, 성장과 연관되어 있다고 밝혀졌다. 따라서 본 연구는 TSH-${\beta}$ 유전자의 G1031C 변이지역과 닭(한국재래닭, 로드아일랜드 레드, 코니쉬)의 경제 형질과의 연관성 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 로드아일랜드 레드 품종에서는 모든 개체에서 GG 유전자형이 확인되었고, 재래닭의 경우 모든 경제 형질과에서 유의적 연관성이 확인되지 않았다. 반면, 코니쉬 품종은 150 일령 몸무게에서 유의적인 연관성(p<0.05)이 확인되었다. TSH-${\beta}$ 유전자는 성장 형질과 밀접한 연관관계를 가지고 있는 유전자로 사료되지만, 유전자의 G1031C 변이지역은 성장 형질과 관련된 직접적인 연관관계는 없는 것으로 사료된다. 하지만 몸무게와 관련된 주요 유전자 또는 변이지역과 유전적으로 연관되어 있을 가능성은 충분히 높은 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 닭의 26번 염색체의 성장 관련 QTL 영역 내에 존재하는 유전자와 유전변이지역에 대한 추가적인 분석을 통해 성장 관련 주요 유전자 탐색 및 유전표지 발굴이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.576-579
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• 2007

갑상선 호르몬 저항성 증후군은 갑상선 호르몬에 대한 조직의 반응이 감소되어 나타나는 드문 유전 질환이다. 대부분은 갑상선 호르몬 수용체 (TR) 유전자의 돌연변이로 인한 갑상선 호르몬 수용체의 결함에 의한다. TR 유전자의 변이는 일반적으로 이형접합성이며 상염색체 우성 유전 양상을 보인다. 혈청 갑상선 호르몬 수치가 증가되어 있음에도 불구하고 혈청 갑상선 자극호르몬 수치가 억제되지 않으며, 임상 양상은 다양하다. 본 증례는 경미한 갑상선종, 총 및 유리 $T_4$, $T_3$의 증가, 정상 범위의 TSH 소견을 보이는 4세 여아로서 TR 유전자 분석에서 과오돌연변이(H435Y)를 확인하였다. 부모에서는 돌연변이가 관찰되지 않았으며, 갑상선 기능도 정상이었다. 특별한 투약 없이 추적 관찰 중에 갑상선종의 증가나 다른 증상의 악화는 없는 상태이다.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2017

Background and Objectives: The role of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) signaling on osteoblastic differentiation is still undetermined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-azacytidine) on TSH-mediated regulations of osteoblasts. Materials and Methods: MG63, a human osteoblastic cell-line, was treated with 5-azacytidine before inducing osteogenic differentiation using osteogenic medium (OM) containing L-ascorbic acid and ${\beta}$-glyceophosphate. Bovine TSH or monoclonal TSH receptor stimulating antibody (TSAb) was treated. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses or measurement of alkaline phosphatase activities were performed for evaluating osteoblastic differentiation. Results: Studies for osteogenic-related genes or alkaline phosphatase activity demonstrated that treatment of TSH or TSAb alone had no effects on osteoblastic differentiation in MG63 cells. However, treatment of 5-azacytidine, per se, significantly increased osteoblastic differentiation and combination treatment of 5-azacytidine and TSH or TSAb in the condition of OM showed further significant increase of osteoblastic differentiation. Conclusion: Stimulating TSH signaling has little effects on osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. However, in the condition of epigenetic modification using inhibitor of DNA methylation, TSH signaling positively affects osteoblastic differentiation in human osteoblasts.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2021

This study identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect the body weight of chickens. Analysis of body weight showed that the Cornish breed had the highest body weight, and the Korean native chicken (Gray Brown) had the lowest body weight. TSH is composed of an α-subunit and a β-subunit, and the TSH-β gene encoding the β-subunit has been reported to be associated with obesity. In chickens, it is located on chromosome 26 and is reported to be associated with growth. The calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR) plays a role in the regulation of extracellular calcium homeostasis and is responsible for calcium absorption in the urinary tract, which affects the eggshell quality in poultry. It was shown that TSH-β was strongly correlated with weight in Cornish and Korean native (Gray Brown) chickens, particularly in those with the CC trait. However, CaSR showed no association with body weight in poultry; it was associated with calcium and the eggshell. Thus, selection for TSH-β can be used to produce individuals with more favorable traits in terms of body weight.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2007

Objective : This study was to elucidate the effects of Hyunsamkabhangbang (HSK) on the hyperthyroidism induced by sodium levothyroxine. Method : Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into five groups. Except the normal group, the other four groups were treated with sodium levothyroxine 160${\mu}g/kg/day$ for 5 days by oral administration. Among the four groups, all except one (as control) were treated with various concentrations of HSK (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg/days) for 3 days separately. T3-uptake, T3, T4, TSH, total cholesterol, free fatty acid, ${\beta}$-lipoprotein, glucose, ALP, AST, ALT change in the serum and body weight of rats were measured after medication of solid extract of HSK. Results : HSK decreased significantly serum T3, T4, T3-uptake, ALP, free fatty acid and glucose level in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. HSK increased significantly serum TSH and total cholesterol level and body weight in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. HSK also increased serum ${\beta}$-lipoprotein level compared with control, but not statistically meaningfully. HSK increased significantly serum AST and ALT level compared with control, but relationship to hyperthyroidism is not found. Conclusions : From these results, it could be concluded that HSK lowers excess thyroid hormone and increased metabolism, resulting in improvement of hyperthyroid state.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.395-399
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• 2002

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a member of the glycoprotein hormone family which includes FSH. hCG TSH. These hormone family is characterized by a heterodimeric structure composed a common $\alpha$-subunit noncovalently linked to a hormone specific $\beta$-subunit. To determine u and $\beta$ -subunits can be synthesized as a single polypeptide chain (tethered-hCG) and also display biological activity, the tethered-hCC and -FSH molecule by fusing the carboxyl terminus of the hCG $\beta$-subunit to the amino terminus of the $\alpha$-subunit was constructed. To determine the importance of $\alpha$ COOH -terminal amino acid, we also deleted the $\alpha$ COOH-terminal amino acids. The expressing vectors were transfected into CHO-K 1 cells. The tethered-wthCG and -wtFSH was efficiently secreted. The $\alpha$ Δ83hCG and $\alpha$ Δ 83FSH mutants had no secretion. These results are the first conclusive evidence that COOH-terminal amino acids are very important for secretion in human glycoprotein hormone $\alpha$-subunit. These results demonstrated that the $\alpha$ Δ83hCG and $\alpha$ Δ 83FSH mutants could be play a pivotal role in the secretion of tethered-molecule.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2000

eCG는LH, FSH및 TSH와 같이 당단백질 호르몬에 속하고, 당쇄가 많이 첨가된 $\alpha$와 $\beta$-subunits의 비공유결합으로 구성되어 있고, 말에서 보다 다른 동물에서 FSH와 LH의 이중 생리활성을 나타내는 아주 특이한 성선 자극 호르몬이다. eCG는 임신 40~130일 사이에 말의 자궁내막배의 영양막세포에서 합성ㆍ분비된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 eCG, eLH 및 eFSH의 각각 subunits mRNA발현을 태반과 뇌하수체에서 분석하였다. mRNA의 추출은 임신 70일의 태반과 27개월된 숫컷말의 뇌하수체에서 분리하였다. 말 태반을 이용한eCG mRNA발현의 Northern blotting분석결과 $\beta$ subunit가 $\alpha$ subunit보다 아주 많이 발현되었으며, 또한 뇌하수체에서 $\alpha$-, LH $\beta$-, FSH $\beta$-subunit의 분석결과 $\alpha$ subunit는 약 0.8 kb, FSH $\beta$ subunit는 1.8 kb의 크기로 발현되었는데, 이러한 FSH $\beta$ subunit는 cloning되어진 cDNA의 크기와 일치한다. 뇌하수체 전엽에서는 $\alpha$ subunit가 LH $\beta$ subunit와 FSH $\beta$ subunit보다 현저히 많이 발현된다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 따라서, 태반과 뇌하수체에서 발현되는 각각 subunit의 mRNA는 독립적으로 조절되어 결과적으로 발현량에 차이가 나타난다고 시사되어진다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2006

Objective: The aim was to study experimentally the effects of Radix Scrophulariae (玄蔘) induced by Sodium levothyroxine. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats Were separated into four groups. Except for the normal group, the other three were treated with sodium levothyroxine $160{\mu}g/kg$ for 5 days. Among the three groups, two (except the control) were treated with Radix Scrophulariae extract 0.5g/kg (HNS 1) or 1.0g/kg (HNS II). $T_3-uptake,\;T_3,\;T_4$, TSH, total cholesterol, glucose, ALP, AST, ALT, free fatty acid, $\beta-lipoprotein$, and change in the serum of rats were measured after medication of solid extract of Radix Scrophulariae. Results: As a result of this study, HNS II showed significant decrease in comparison with the control in the serum $T_3-uptake,\;T_3$ ALP and free fatty acid content. HNS I and HNS II showed significant decrease in comparison with the control in the serum of $T_4$ and glucose content. HNS I and HNS II showed significant increase in comparison with the control in the serum of TSH and total cholesterol content. In body weight, HNS I and HNS II showed significant increase in comparison with the control. Conclusion: These results suggest that Radix Scrophulariae is effective to cure hyperthyroidism.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2016

The marine medaka, Oryzias dancena is a suitable sample as a laboratory animal because it has a small size and clearly distinguishes between female and male. Data on the growth and maturity of the diploid and triploid sea cucurbit species suitable for laboratory animals are very useful for studying other species. Triploidy was induced in the marine medaka by cold shock treatment ($0^{\circ}C$) of fertilized eggs for 45 min, applied two minutes after fertilization. The diploid and triploid male fish were larger than their female counterparts (P<0.05), and the concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) were higher in the induced triploids over 1 year (P<0.05). In both the diploid and tri-ploid groups the concentrations of TSH and T4 were higher in the male fish than in the females (P<0.05), while the testo-sterone and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ concentrations in the induced triploids were lower than in the diploids (P<0.05). The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the triploid fish was lower than that for the diploids, and the GSI for females in each ploidy group were higher than that for the males. For both groups the GSI was highest at 4 months of age, and decreased thereafter to 12 months. Analysis of the gonads of one-year-old triploid fish suggested that the induction of triploidy probably causes sterility in this species; this effect was more apparent in females than in males.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.32-34
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• 2023

Resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome (RTH) is a genetic disease caused by the mutation of either the thyroid hormone receptor-β (THRB) gene or the thyroid hormone receptor-α (THRA) gene. RTH caused by THRB mutations (RTH-β) is characterized by the target tissue's response to thyroid hormone, high levels of triiodothyronine and/or thyroxine, and inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). THRA mutation is characterized by hypothyroidism that affects gastrointestinal, neurological, skeletal, and myocardial functions. Most patients do not require treatment, and some patients may benefit from medication therapy. These syndromes are characterized by decreased tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormones, generating various clinical manifestations. Thus, clinical changes of resistance to thyroid hormones must be recognized and differentiated, and an approach to the practice of personalized medicine through an interdisciplinary approach is needed.