• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effect of cranio-cervical flexion based trunk stabilization exercise on gross motor function and posture alignment change in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: Twenty-six children participated in this study. All subjects were randomly assigned to either the Cranio-Cervical Flexion Based Trunk Stabilization Exercise (CCFTS) group (n=13) or the Trunk Stabilization Exercise (TS) group (n=13). In both groups were trained general physical therapy for 10 minutes, in the CCFTS group was trained cranio-cervical flexion based trunk stabilization exercise for 20 minutes and in the TS group was trained trunk stabilization exercise for 20 minutes. The training was provided 2 times a week during 8 weeks. All subjects were measured with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Cranio-Vertebral Angle (CVA) before and after intervention. Results: The results showed that the CCFTS have increased significantly in GMFM (B, C, D and E-dimension) and CVA, and the TS group have increased significantly in GMFM (B, C D and E-dimension). In particular, the CCFTS group improved significantly than TS group in GMFM (B, C and D-dimension) and CVA. Therefore, the cranio-cervical flexion based trunk stabilization exercise improved gross motor function and posture alignment in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Conclusion: These results suggest that cranio-cervical flexion based trunk stabilization exercise is feasible and suitable for individuals with a spastic cerebral palsy and can be used in addition to conventional physical therapy.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and abdominal expansion maneuver (AEM) on trunk stabilization, as well as trunk muscle activities and differences in quadruple visual analogue scale, Korean Oswestry Disability Index, and Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire scores, in patients with chronic low back pain and lumbar spine instability. To increase intra-abdominal pressure during the trunk stabilization exercise, the technique of pushing the abdomen out using diaphragmatic abdominal breathing suggested by Pavel Koral was used, which we termed the AEM. Fifty patients who tested positive on more than three of the five lumbar spine instability tests were separated from 138 patients with chronic low back pain of these patients, 16 were placed in the control group (trunk stabilization exercise), 17 were placed in the ADIM group (trunk stabilization exercise with ADIM), and 17 were placed in the AEM group (trunk stabilization exercise with AEM). Each group participated in the study for 30 minutes three times weekly for 4 weeks. Surface electromyography was used to measure the trunk muscle activities during the kneeling forward and supine bridging positions, and one-way repeated analysis of variance was used to determine the statistical significance of the trunk muscle activities in the rectus abdominis, internal oblique (IO), erector spinae, and multifidus (MF) muscles. The ADIM and AEM groups showed relatively larger improvements in psychosocial and functional disability level than control group. There were significant changes among the three groups, those from the measured values of the AEM group was significantly higher than the other two groups in changes in IO and MF trunk muscle activities (p<.05). This finding demonstrates that trunk stabilization exercises with AEM is more effective than ADIM for increasing trunk deep muscle activity of chronic low back pain patients with lumbar spine instability.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2022

Background: This study compared the effects of trunk stabilization exercise and hip joint exercises on the range of motion of the lumbar spine, pain severity, and severity of disability in patients with chronic lower back pain. Methods: A total of 30 participants were enrolled and divided into group 1 (n=10), group 2 (n=10), and group 3 (n=10) were performed by each group thrice a week for a total of 8 weeks. Group 1 performed warm-up exercise (15 min), trunk stabilization exercise (25 min), finish-up exercise (15mins). Group 2 performed warm-up exercise (15 min), hip exercise (25 mins, finish-up exercise (15mins). Group 3 warm-up exercise (15 min), trunk stabilization and hip exercise (25 min), Finish-up exercise (15 min). Participants were assessed for the range of motion of the lumbar spine, pain severity (visual analog scale score; VAS), and severity of disability (Oswestry disability index score; ODI) before and after the interventions. Results: All three groups showed a significant increase in the range of motion of the lumbar spine, but there was no significant difference among the groups. Moreover, the severity of pain and ODI were significantly decreased in all groups; however, the intergroup differences were non-significant. Conclusion: The results from this study confirmed the effectiveness of trunk stabilization and hip joint exercise in improving the lumbar range of motion, pain severity, and chronic lower back pain in patients. Thus, trunk and pelvic stabilization exercises and hip joint exercise can be used as clinical practices to treat and prevent chronic lower back pain.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the effects on abdominal muscle thickness and breathing by applying trunk strength exercise and deep stabilization exercise along with breathing exercise, which is the main respiratory muscle during breathing, to present an efficient exercise method with diaphragm breathing. Methods : This study was performed on normal 6 females and 14 males subjects. They were divided into 2 groups which trunk strength exercise and deep stabilization exercise group. The trunk strength exercise group (TSE) attended prone press-up, crunch and pelvic tiling. The deep stabilization exercise group (DSE) attended abdominal drawing, horizontal side-support and bridging exercise. Breathing exercise was performed for each set break time for 1 minute. Results : First, in the comparison of the change in the thickness of the abdominal muscle between the trunk strength training group and the deep stabilization group before and after exercise, there was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of transverse abdominis (TrA), rectus femoris (RF), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO) (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in any comparison between groups (p>.05). Second, in the comparison of changes in respiratory function between the trunk strength exercise group and the deep stabilization exercise group before and after exercise, there were statistically significant differences in the exerted forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV₁), peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the comparison before and after the experiment (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in any comparison between groups (p>.05). Conclusion : As a result of this study, it can be said that both trunk strength exercises and deep stabilization exercises along with diaphragm breathing are exercises that strengthen deep and superficial muscles, and have a positive effect on breathing function as well as muscle strength. However, it is not known which exercise was more effective, and because it was combined with breathing exercise, the interference effect appeared.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.72-77
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of general sling-bridge exercise (GSE) and sling-bridge exercise with rhythmic stabilization technique (SER) on trunk muscle endurance and flexibility in adolescents with low back pain (LBP). 30 adolescents who had complaints of LBP were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: the GSE group (n=15) and SER group (n=15). Subjects performed each exercise programs for 4 weeks with the aim of improving trunk muscle stability; GSE group trained general bridge exercise with sling, SER group trained rhythmic stabilization bridge exercise with sling. The static and dynamic trunk muscle endurance and flexibility were measured before and at the end of the exercise program. The static and dynamic trunk muscle endurance were significantly improved in both groups (p<.05) and the SER group showed significant difference from the GSE group after the exercise (p<.05). The trunk muscle flexibility was significantly improved in both groups (p<.05) and the SER group were significantly different from GSE group post-exercise (p<.05). The results of this study showed that sling bridge exercise with rhythmic stabilization technique may be appropriate for improving trunk muscle stability in adolescents with LBP.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.336-341
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of virtual reality(VR) exercise using XBOX $Kinect^{TM}$ on the scoliometer angle and muscle activities of the trunk. The subjects of the study were 13 young adults who devided into a virtual reality-based exercise group(VREG, n = 7) and a traditional stabilization exercise group(TSEG, n = 6). The VREG received virtual reality game for 5 days a weeks, 30 minutes a day, for a 2 weeks and the TSEG received general trunk stabilization exercise for the same period and frequency. The subjects were measured and compared for muscle activities of trunk stabilization before and after the program. VREG tend to decrease more than TSEG in scoliometer angle. In addition, VREG showed a significant decrease in muscle activities of multifidus. This study presents the impact of virtual reality-based exercise program on trunk balance and stabilization. The following studies need customized programs for subjects that trunk balance and stabilization is required.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.274-279
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the change of static and dynamic foot pressure on trunk stabilization exercise in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Methods: This study examined five male children participants ages 10~14 years old with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. All subjects participated in a 6-week sling exercise program for trunk stabilization; the exercise was performed three times per week and each session lasted 50 minutes. The subjects were measured for static and dynamic foot pressure and bilateral symmetry of both feet before and after the trunk stabilization exercise. Results: The static foot pressure increased significantly before and after the trunk stabilization exercise (left foot: before $0.41{\pm}0.02%BW/cm^2$ after $0.79{\pm}0.02%BW/cm^2$, right foot: before $0.14{\pm}0.03%BW/cm^2$, after $0.43{\pm}0.44%BW/cm^2$) (p<0.05) and bilateral symmetry of both feet increased (before $0.27{\pm}0.18%BW/cm^2$, after $0.37{\pm}0.05%BW/cm^2$) with more weight shift on left foot than right foot, but was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The dynamic foot pressure increased (left foot: before $2.58{\pm}0.44%BW/cm^2$, after $3.40{\pm}0.31%BW/cm^2$, right foot: before $2.75{\pm}0.19%BW/cm^2$, after $3.26{\pm}0.18%BW/cm^2$) with more weight shift on right foot than left foot, but was not statistically significant (p>0.05), and bilateral symmetry of both feet decreased (before $0.31{\pm}0.36%BW/cm^2$, after $0.13{\pm}0.20%BW/cm^2$) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the trunk stabilization exercise has a positive impact on static and dynamic foot pressure in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of neck stabilization exercise combined with trunk stabilization exercise on balance and gait function in patients with chronic stroke. METHODS: Twenty-two chronic stroke patients were included in this study. The experimental group subjects (n = 11) performed neck stabilization (15 min) and trunk stabilization (15 min) exercises, while the control group subjects (n = 11) performed trunk stabilization exercise only for 30 min. Before and after the intervention, the subjects underwent static balance and gait testing. RESULTS: The 95% confidence ellipse area, center of pressure (COP) path length, and COP average velocity were significantly lower in both groups after the intervention compared to before intervention (p < .05). The average stance force on the affected side increased significantly in both groups after the intervention (p < .05). The changes in the static balance variables were larger in the experimental group than in the control group. The cadence, gait velocity, and single leg support increased significantly in both groups after intervention (p < .05). The changes in the gait variables were larger in the experimental group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Trunk stabilization is a beneficial intervention, but the combination of neck stabilization with trunk stabilization is a more effective method to increase the gait and static balance in chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.96-111
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• 2022

Background: This study aims to evaluate the effect of core stabilization exercise on the dynamic balance and horizontal rotation of the trunk in young adult men. Through this study, it is expected that various core stabilization exercises will prevent and treat musculoskeletal disease. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: The study subjects were recruited from young adult men in their 20s and 30s living in Seoul, and after the randomized controlled trial, it was divided into an experimental group training core stabilization exercise(n=15) and a control group(n=15). The evaluation methods of this study were modified Star Excursion Balance Test(mSEBT), Functional Reach Test(FRT), and Trunk Rotation Test(TRT). The experimental group performed three sets of crunches and deadbug exercises twice a week for eight weeks, and the control group did not perform any exercises similar to core stabilization exercise during the experimental period. Results: The result of the experiment, the experimental group showed significant improvement in mSEBT(p<.05), FRT(p<.05) and TRT(p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, core stabilization exercises improved dynamic balance and horizontal rotation of the trunk. As a result of this study, core stabilization exercise can prevent and treat musculoskeletal diseases even in healthy people.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of trunk stabilization exercises using a Reformer on trunk control, balance ability, and gait function in chronic stroke patients. Methods: The participants were 24 chronic stroke patients, randomly divided into two groups: trunk stabilization exercise using the Reformer group (TS-R, n = 12) and general trunk stabilization exercise group (GT-E, n = 12). Assessment methods included the Trunk Impairment Scale for trunk control, the AMTI force platform for static balance, the Timed Up and Go test for dynamic balance, and the Dynamic Gait Index for gait function. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention. The intervention for the TS-R group consisted of bridging exercises using a Reformer, while the GT-E group performed bridging exercises on a mat. All interventions were performed for 17 minutes per session, five times a week, for a total of 20 sessions over four weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated-measures ANOVA to analyze the interaction between groups and time. Results: The results of the repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant interaction between the groups and time. The TS-R group showed statistically significant differences in all variables before and after the intervention. In contrast, the GT-E group did not show statistically significant differences in any variables before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that trunk stabilization exercises using a reformer are effective in improving trunk control, balance ability, and gait function in chronic stroke patients.