• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.2509-2515
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• 2009

This study compared the relative effectiveness of trunk stability exercise with general balance exercise on dynamic balance for patients with chronic patients. Thirty eight subjects were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. One group was trained trunk stability exercise and the other group was trained general balance exercise. This process was carried out three times a week for seven weeks. Dynamic balance was measured prior to commencement of the exercise programs, and again after seven weeks, when the programs were completed, in order to establish the effectiveness of both exercise programs. Both the trunk stability exercise and the general balance exercise increased BBS and TUG(p<.001). The trunk stability exercise was more effective at increasing BBS(p<.05). We suggest that trunk stability exercise is effective in the improvement of balance ability in the persons with chronic stroke. Therefore, the trunk stability exercise is considered to important when the stroke patients are trained. Further studies of effectiveness of trunk stability exercise should be carried out to increase our understanding of this area of study.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2021

The flood prevention capacity of drainage facilities in urban areas has weakened because of the increase in impervious surface areas downtown owing to rapid urbanization as well as localized heavy rains caused by climate change. Detention can be installed in trunk sewers and linked to existing drainage facilities for the efficient drainage of runoff in various urban areas with increasing stormwater discharge and changing runoff patterns. In this study, the concept of detention in trunk sewers, which are storage facilities linked to existing sewer pipes, was applied. By selecting a virtual watershed with a different watershed shape, the relationship between the characteristic factors of detention in the trunk sewer and the design parameters was analyzed. The effect of reducing stormwater runoff according to the installation location and capacity of the reservoir was examined. The relationship between the installation location and the capacity of the detention trunk sewer in the Dowon district of the city of Yeosu, South Korea was verified. The effects of the existing water runoff reduction facility and the detention trunk sewer were also compared and analyzed. As a result of analyzing the effects of reducing internal inundation, it was found that the inundation area decreased by approximately 66.5% depending on the installation location of the detention trunk sewer. The detention trunk sewer proposed in this paper could effectively reduce internal inundation in urban areas.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.287-294
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was, base on the observation that the leg movement has effect on muscles around trunk, to provide clinical fundamental data to develop effective abdominal draw-in technique by investigating the effect of abdominal draw-in exercise accompanying leg movement on the thickness of transversus abdominis muscle and trunk control ability in patients with stroke. The subjects were assigned randomly to experimental group I (n=9) on which the abdominal draw-in technique is applied and experimental group II (n=9) on which the abdominal draw-in technique accompanying leg movement is applied. The thickness of transversus abdominis muscle in the affected side and the trunk control ability were measured before and after treatment using ultrasonography and trunk impairment scale. A session of 30 minutes per day were performed four days a week for four weeks and the measured outcomes were analyzed. The in-group comparison showed significant difference both thickness of transversus abdominis muscle during abdominal draw-in technique application (p<0.01) and trunk control ability (p<0.001) between before and after treatment. The significant difference between two groups were observed only in trunk control ability (p<0.05). It was concluded that the abdominal draw-in technique accompanying leg movement is an intervention that has positive effect not only on transversus abdominis muscle but also on tunk control ability by inducing more efficient contraction reaction in muscles around trunk through autonomic pelvic movement caused by leg movement.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the cumulative fatigue of trunk muscles and the period of recovery time during repetitive lifting and lowering task with two different frequencies(4 times/min and 6 times/ min). Eight healthy males with no prior history of LBD(low back disorders) volunteered for this study. Subjects had 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes recovery time respectively while they were preforming the lifting and lowering task at 15% level of MVC. EMG signals from six trunk muscles were collected and the fatigue level was analyzed quantitatively. In results, the fatigue levels of LES(left elector spinae), RLD(right lattissimus dorsi), LLD(left lattissimus dorsi), RRA(right rectus abdominis) and LRA(left rectus abdominis) were recovered when 3 minutes recovery time was given at 4 times/min frequency. However, the fatgue level of RES(right elector spinae) was recovered when 4 minutes recovery was given. On the other hand, when 6 times/min frequency was used, the RLD, LLD, RRA and LRA were recovered at 5 minutes of recovery time. But for RES and LES, it took longer than 5 minutes to be recovered. This results can be applied to design the adequate length of recovery time to control the cumulative fatigue of trunk muscles in industry with repetitive lifting and lowering task.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.281-289
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• 1993

Concept of the comfort and fitness becomes a major concern in the basic function of the ready-made clothes. Accordingly a more sophiscated classification of the human morphological characteristics is strongly required for the effective clothing construction. This research was performed to classify and characterize Korean adult males anthropometrically. Sample size was 1290 subjects and their age range was from 19 to 54 years old. Sampling was carried out by the stratified sampling method. Data were collected by the direct anthropometric measurement. 75 variables in total were applied to classify the bodytypes. Data were analyzed by the multivariate method, especially factor and cluster analysis. The high factor loading items extracted by factor analysis were based to determine the variables of the cluster analysis for the similar bodytypes respectively. In the part of the trunk, 19 variables from the data were applied to classify the bodytypes of trunk by Ward's minimum variance method. The groups forming a cluster were subdivided into 5 sets by cross-tabulation extracted by the hierarchical culster analysis. Type 3 and 4 in trunk were composed of the majority of 55.6% of the subjects. The Korean adult males had relatively well-balanced bodytypes in trunk.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.146-150
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of active vibration exercise on trunk muscle activity, balance, and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Twenty-four patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to an experimental (n=12) or a control (n=12) group. The experimental group performed an active vibration exercise workout for 20 minutes a day five times a week for 4 weeks using a flexi-bar. Trunk muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography. Balance was measured using the Berg balance scale. Activities of daily living were measured using the functional independence measure. Results: The intragroup comparison showed significant differences in the rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscle activity values, Berg balance scale score, and functional independence measurement values in the experimental group. The intergroup comparison showed that differences in the rectus abdominis and internal oblique external oblique muscle values, Berg balance scale score, and functional independence measurement value for the experimental group were significantly related to those in the control group. Conclusion: Based on these results, this study proved that the active vibration exercise effectively improved trunk muscle activity, balance, and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for estimating 3-D coordinates of lower trunk muscles using orientation angles during a motion. Traditional 3-D motion analysis system with DLT technique was used to track down the locations of eight reference markers which were attached on the back of the subject. In order to estimate the orientations of individual lumbar vertebrae and musculoskeletal parameters of the lower trunk muscle, the rotation matrix of the middle trunk reference frame relative to the lower trunk reference frame was determined and the angular locations of individual lumbar vertebrae were estimated by partitioning the orientation angles (Cardan angles) that represent the relative angles between the rotations of the middle and lower trunks. When the orientation angles of individual intervertebral joints were known at a given instant, the instantaneous coordinates of the origin and insertion for all selected muscles relative to the L5 local reference frame were obtained by applying the transformation matrix to the original coordinates which were relative to a local reference frame (S1, L4, L3, L2, or L1) in a rotation sequence about the Z-, X- and Y-axes. The multiplication of transformation matrices was performed to estimate the geometry and kinematics of all selected muscles. The time histories of the 3-D coordinates of the origin and insertion of all selected muscles relative to the center of the L4-L5 motion segment were determined for each trial.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2016

PURPOSE: Bridge exercise is widely used in rehabilitation exercise for trunk stabilization through various applications in clinical practice. However, there is a lack of studies changing the base of support for the shoulders. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the base of support for the shoulders of trunk muscle activation during bridge exercise. METHODS: 20 healthy subjects (10 men, 10 women) in their twenties were participated in this study. They performed 5 bridge exercises (bridge exercise with their shoulders on a stable table (1/2 knee height, knee height), and on a sling (1/2 knee height, knee height), conventional bridge exercise. The surface electromyography were used for rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and erector spinae (ES). RESULTS: During bridge exercise that their shoulders on the sling of 1/2 knee height, the RA, EO, IO muscle activities were significant increased. And during bridge exercise that their shoulders on the stable surface of knee height, the IO/RA ratio were higher than other positions but there were no significant difference between positions for EO/RA, IO/RA ratio. CONCLUSION: Based on this result, using various bases of support and changing the height of bridging exercise may be used to provide effective trunk stabilization exercises.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isometric upper limb contraction on the trunk and lower extremity muscles during the sit-to-stand activity in elderly females. METHODS: Eighteen healthy elderly females performed three directional isometric upper extremity contractions (flexion, extension, and horizontal abduction movements) using an elastic band during sit-to-stand activity. Electromyography signals were collected from the internal oblique, erector spinae, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris muscles. RESULTS: Internal oblique activity was greater in bilateral shoulder flexion and bilateral shoulder horizontal abduction than in neutral position (p<.05). Erector spinae and rectus femoris muscle activities in bilateral shoulder flexion was greater than in neutral position and bilateral shoulder extension (p<.05). Biceps femoris activity was significantly greater in bilateral shoulder flexion than in bilateral shoulder extension and horizontal abduction, and in neutral position compared to bilateral shoulder extension (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that incorporating isometric upper limb contraction may be beneficial for enhancing the contribution of trunk and lower extremity muscle activities to trunk stabilization during sit-to-stand activity. Therefore, isometric upper limb contraction during sit-to-stand tasks, especially in flexion, may be used to elicit contraction of the lumbopelvic region muscles within a tolerable range, for developing endurance and strength in the elderly.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.336-341
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of virtual reality(VR) exercise using XBOX $Kinect^{TM}$ on the scoliometer angle and muscle activities of the trunk. The subjects of the study were 13 young adults who devided into a virtual reality-based exercise group(VREG, n = 7) and a traditional stabilization exercise group(TSEG, n = 6). The VREG received virtual reality game for 5 days a weeks, 30 minutes a day, for a 2 weeks and the TSEG received general trunk stabilization exercise for the same period and frequency. The subjects were measured and compared for muscle activities of trunk stabilization before and after the program. VREG tend to decrease more than TSEG in scoliometer angle. In addition, VREG showed a significant decrease in muscle activities of multifidus. This study presents the impact of virtual reality-based exercise program on trunk balance and stabilization. The following studies need customized programs for subjects that trunk balance and stabilization is required.