• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.6
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• pp.673-679
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• 1997

It has been generally accepted that glutamate mediates the ischemic brain damage, excitotoxicity, and induces release of neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine(NE), in ischemic milieu. In the present study, the role of nitric oxide(NO) in the ischemia-induced $[^3H]norepinephrine([^3H]NE)$ release from cortex slices of the rat was examined. Ischemia, deprivation of oxygen and glucose from $Mg^{2+}-free$ artificial cerebrospinal fluid, induced significant release of $[^3H]NE$ from cortex slices. This ischemia-induced $[^3H]NE$ release was significantly attenuated by glutamatergic neurotransmission modifiers. $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester(L-NAME), $N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine$ (L-NMMA) or 7-nitroindazole, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors attenuated the ischemia-evoked $[^3H]NE$ release. Hemoglobin, a NO chelator, and 5, 5- dimethyl-L-pyrroline-N-oxide(DMPO), an electron spin trap, inhibited $[^3H]NE$ release dose-dependently. Ischemia-evoked $[^3H]NE$ release was inhibited by methylene blue, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, and potentiated by 8-bromo-cGMP, a cell permeable cGMP analog, zaprinast, a cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide generator. These results suggest that the ischemia-evoked $[^3H]NE$ release is mediated by NMDA receptors, and activation of NO system is involved.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

This study was carried out to reduce the number of chemical treatment by optimal apply for the disease and pest and obtain the basal data of environmental-friendly cultivation in Panax ginseng in 2006. The result by checking disease Incidence and pests fried in ginseng field of jeollabuk-Do was as follows. The kind of disease occurred in Jinan was 8 including Rhizoctonia solani, 7 with Botrytis cinerea in Jeongeup, and also 6 with Botrytis cinerea in Kochang within Jeollabuk-Do. It was required thorough disease control before the rainy season because the occurrence time was peaked around July. Also, the most serious disease in Jeollabuk-Do was Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerera, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The actual harmful pests in ginseng field were Asusta despecta steboldiana and Holotrichia sp. and in other method using black light trap, Maladera orientalis, Ostrinia furnacalis, and Holotrichia morosa were mainly trapped.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.273-279
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• 2014

Purpose: This study assessed the association between eye symptoms (enophthalmos or diplopia) and site of damage, volume, deviated inferior rectus muscle (IRM) and type of fracture with computed tomography (CT). The intent is to anticipate the prognosis of orbital trauma at initial diagnosis. Methods: Forty-five patients were diagnosed with fractures of the inferior wall of one orbit. Fracture area, volume of displaced tissue, deviated IRM, and type of fracture were evaluated from coronal CT by one investigator. The association of those variables with the occurrence of eye symptoms (diplopia and enophthalmos) was assessed. Results: Of 45 patients, 27 were symptom-free (Group A) and 18 had symptoms (Group B) of enophthalmos and/or diplopia. In Group B, 12 had diplopia, one was enophthalmos, and five had both. By CT measurement, group A mean area was $192.6mm^2$ and the mean volume was $673.2mm^3$. Group B area was $316.2mm^2$ and volume was $1,710.6mm^3$. The volume was more influential on symptom occurrence. Each patient was categorized into four grades depending on the location of IRM. Symptom occurrence and higher grade were associated. Twenty-six patients had trap-door fracture (one side, attached to the fracture), and 19 had punched-out fracture (both sides detached). The punched-out fracture was more strongly associated with symptoms and had statistically significantly higher area and volume. Conclusion: In orbital trauma, measurement of fracture area and volume, evaluation of the deviated IRM and classification of the fracture type by coronal CT can effectively predict prognosis and surgical indication.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.355-373
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• 1999

Many researches have been reported that collagen as cellular stroma, matrix of grafting materials, mediator of agents for the purpose of promoting healing process invivo, but the responses in vivo were seen various. The goal of this experiment is to assess the effect of collagen on bony healing, through histological evaluation of implanted collagen on the calvarial defect in rats. 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley, 24 rats were used and 12 rats assigned to each group of control and test. Defect of 5mm in diameter was made on the calvarial bone with trephine bur. Following thorough saline rinse, defect of control group was left in empty and that of experimental group was filled with fibrillar collagen($COLLATAPE^{(R)}$, COLLA-TEC. INC. U.S.A.) soaked in saline. 3 rats in each group were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 21 days after operation respectively, and the tissue blocks were prepared for light microscope with H-E for evaluation of overall healing, with TRAP(tartrate resistant acid phosphatase) for evaluation of osteoclastic activity and with immunohistochemical staining for macrophages. The results were as follows : 1. In the control group, inflammatory responses were disappeared at day 14, but, in the experimental group inflammatory infiltrates were reduced at day 21. Thus, the experimental group showed more severe soft tissue inflammation than control group. 2. Both control and experimental group showed slight appositional growth at day 7 and gradual bony growth to 21th day. But, complete bony healing of the defect was not shown. There was no significant difference in bony healing between control and experimental group 3. Specific response of macrophages for implanted collagen was observed at day 14 in the experimental group. In conclusion, although fibrillar collagen caused inflammation of soft tissue during initial healing period, inflammatory responses by fibrillar collagen didn't inhibit bony regeneration and implanted collagen was biodegradaded by macrophages. Thus, we expect that fibrillar collagen can be used for useful mediator of graft materials or growth factors.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.573-584
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• 2003

Bone remodeling results from the combined process of bone resorption and new bone formation which is regulated in part by some of Dexamethasone related proliferation & mineralization of cultured bone cell and polypeptide growth factors such as platelet derived growth factor(PDGF), which has been known to be an important local regulator of bone cell activity and participate in normal bone remodeling. To evaluate the effects of Dex and PDGF on bony healing of calvarial defect in rats, 10 ng/ml PDGF were applied on P group and 10 ng/ml PDGF and $10^7$ M Dex were applied PD group. 4 rats in each group were sacrificed at 7, 14. 21 days after operation respectively, and the tissue blocks were prepared for light microscope with H-E for evaluation of overall healing, with TRAP(tartrate resistant acid phosphatase) for evaluation of osteoclastic activity and with immunohistochemical staining for macrophages. The results were as follows : 1. In all group, healing aspects were progressed from 7 days to 21 days in soft and bony tissue, but complete repair were not observed in bony defect 2. PDGF and control group were showed similar bony healing aspect , but bony healing in combination of PDGF-BB and Dex were observed slower aspect compared to PDGF and control group from early healing times. 3. There were no significant difference on activities of osteoclast and macrophages in bony healing between control and experimental group In conclusion, PDGF were not influenced on bony healing of defect and combination of PDGF-BB and Dex were showed slower healing through early healing times. it was considered that Dex compared to PDGF did influenced on early hone formation factors in healing period

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.242-246
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• 2016

The distribution and population density of rodents and chigger mites were investigated between April 2013 and November 2013 in the Gokseong-gun of Jeollanam-do, Korea. A total of 79 rodents were collected using Sherman collapsible traps, and among them, 73 were Apodemus agrarius (92.4%), 4 were Crocidura lasiura (5.0%), and 2 were Microtus fortis (2.5%). Sixty-eight out of the 79 rodents were parasitized by chiggers, showing an infestation rate of 86.0% and a chigger index of 74.5; the chigger index of A. agrarius was 75.4. From the trapped field rodents, 5,063 chigger mites were collected and identified with 6 species of 2 genera. Leptotrombidium scutellare was the dominant species with 3,535 chiggers (69.8%), followed by L. pallidum with 777 chiggers (15.3%). This results showed that the distribution of chigger mites differ in dominant species according to seasons. L. pallidum was the predominant chigger collected in April (34.3%), May (70.0%), and June (55.1%); whereas L. scutellare was the predominant chigger collected in September (75.5%), October (71.8%), and November (74.2%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2008

Biodegradable polybutylene succinate(PBS) is an environment friendly plastics for fisheries, because it can mitigate the ghost fishing problem caused by gill-net and trap fisheries. To evaluate photodegradability of PBS monofilament in comparison with polyamide(PA) and polyethylene(PE) monofilament, these 3 types of monofilaments were spun and exposed to ultraviolet light(UV) of weather-ometer for 900 hours, and then their modification, crystal structure, strength, and extensibility were analysed. PBS monofilament did not show any crack and maintained its crystal structure after 900 hour exposure to UV whereas PE monofilament began showing cracks and structure modification after 600 hour exposure. Under UV exposure, the strength and extensibility decreased more rapidly in PBS than in PA and PE. We estimate that gill nets made of PBS monofilament can endure for about 1 year. The breaking strength and elongation decreased linearly with the exposure time for the 3 types of monofilaments. The derived regression equations of the residual tenacity(RT, kg/$mm^2$) and the residual extensibility(RE, %) with the exposure time in year(Y) for each monofilament were; PBS : RT=48.598 - 8.6437Y($R^2=0.93$), RE=28.165 - 7.3233Y($R^2=0.98$), P A : RT=59.771 - 8.6437Y($R^2=0.98$), RE=32.198 - 5.2772Y($R^2=0.92$), P E : RT=60.898 - 5.6528Y($R^2=0.98$), RE=11.887 - 0.7188Y($R^2=0.98$).

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.481-486
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• 2005

This study was performed to define roles of telomerase and apoptosis and their relationships with clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal cancers. We performed TRAP (Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protoco1)-ELISA assay for telomerase activity and immunohistochemistry of active caspase-3 expression for apoptosis in 35 colorectal cancers. Increased telomerase activity was detected in $71.4\%$ (25/35) and average apoptotic index was 14.6 per 1000 tumor cells. Telomerase activity and caspase 3 expression had no significant association with clinicopathological characteristics, however, increased telomerase activity was more frequently found in progressed colorectal cancers. Although there is no definitive relation, low apoptotic index group was more frequent in cases with increased telomerase activity. These date indicate that telomerase might be involved in progression of colorectal cancers. We suggest that there is a need for further study to define the relationship between telomerase and apoptosis in colorectal cancers.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.802-809
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• 2008

Gamijangsing-tang (GMJST) has been used for treatment of bone formation in traditional korean medicine. The purpose of this study is to examine effects of GMJST on bone metabolism. The effects on the osteoblasts were determined by measuring (1) cell proliferation, (2) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, (3) osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion. (4) The morphologic changes of cells were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Mineralization of calcium was determined by quantitative alizarin red-S assay and mineralization of phosphate was observed by von kossa staining. The morphologic changes of mineralization on the cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects on the osteoclast were investigated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Following results were obtained: Celluar activity of osteoblastic cells (MG-63) was significantly increased in 10-5 of dilution of GMJST. ALP and OPG activity of osteoblastic cells were increased in GMJST than normal MG-63 cell. Mineralization of osteoblastic cells were increased in GMJST than normal MG-63 cell. The activity of osteoclast cells (RAW 264.7) was significantly decreased in GMJST than normal MG-63 cell. From the results, GMJST stimulated the proliferation and mineralization of bone-forming osteoblast and inhibited by bone- lysis osteoclast.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.390-396
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• 1997

A sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantification of human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) was developed using monoclonal antibodies. For this assay, we used three monoclonal antibodies to trap and detect apo A-I. HDAI16 and HDA15 monoclonal antibodies were used for trapping apoA-I and HDAI8 monoclonal antibody was for detecting apoA-I. These three monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing mice with high density lipoprotein (HDL) isolated from human plasma. By immunoblot analysis, these three monoclonal antibodies were specific to apoA-I and showed no cross-reactivities with other plasma proteins. The results of competition assays for epitope cross-reactivity test also verified that these monoclonal antibodies identified separate and distinct epitopes on HDL and apoA-I. Affinity constants of monoclonal antibodies were measured by ELISA. Their association constants ranged from $10^7$ to $10^8$ $M^{-1}$. For this assay, pure apoA-I was isolated by affinity chromatography using monoclonal antibodies. In this sandwich assay, the amount of HRP-labeled HDAI8 bound to apoA-I trapped by HDAI16 and HDAI5 was proportional to apoA-I concentration in the range of 0 to 500ng/ml. ApoA-I concentration in plasma was calculated from the linear regression equation of standard curve. The precision and reliability of the assays are reflected in the low intra-and interassay coefficients of variation that averaged 3.25% and 4.30%, respectively. This assay is sensitive, simple, reproducible, convenient in incubation interval, and does not use radioisotope: thus it can be widely applied in clinical laboratories.