• 품질경영학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2014

Purpose: Simple part or equipment is necessary TRA(Technology Readiness Assessment) or MRA(Manufacturing Readiness Assessment). But sole maturity like TRA, MRA has limit complex systems or SoS(System of System). Especially complex weapon system need from the System Maturity Point of view. This research shows necessity of SRA(System Readiness Assessment). Methods: In case of complex systems, it is essential to SRA(System Readiness Assessment). For the purpose of calculating SRL(System Readiness Level), TRL and IRL must be calculated. And then SRL can obtain know from equation of TRL and IRL. To prove SRA effectiveness, it is calculated SRL of JTDLS(Joint Tactical DataLink System) programs. Results: SRA procedure is proposed and case study shows as examples of JTDLS programs. Although result of TRA is TRL6, result of SRA is not 0.6. From this research, we can know necessity of SRA. Especially complex systems or SoS(System of System) is essential to SRA. Conclusion: SRA(System Readiness Assessment) is required to overcome limitation of sole maturity and to achieve a successful acquisition of high quality weapon system. This research intended to suggest SRA procedure and case study in complex defense system.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2022

The edible paddy straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex F.) Singer has high nutritional and medicinal values. They are grown on a wide variety of agricultural by-products using different several methods. The result of this present study showed that type of bed and cultivation condition (outdoor/indoor) had effects on the yield of paddy straw mushrooms grown on the spent oyster mushroom sawdust. The treatment of circular compact bed under indoor cultivation condition (CYIC) had the best yield and biological efficiency (B.E.) with 2,119.2 g/bed and 14.5%, respectively, followed by the treatment of conventional bed under outdoor cultivation condition (COOC) with the yield and B.E. of 1,935.5 g/bed and 13.2%, respectively, but the lowest yield and B.E. were observed in the treatment of conventional bed under indoor cultivation condition (COIC) with 1,226.1 g/bed and 8.4%, respectively. Paddy straw mushrooms cultivated on spent oyster mushroom sawdust should be proper in both outdoor and indoor conditions by conventional and circular compact methods as well. However, in indoor conditions, paddy straw mushrooms should be grown in a circular compact bed to ensure the temperature of the bed is suitable for the mushroom growth.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.608-615
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• 2013

The major countries including Korea extend the national investment on R&D and implement the business performance diffusion policy as the knowledge based competition age arrives recently. The necessity for risk management and systematic management system for R&D achievement have been appeared to prevent the failure as the R&D scale becomes larger as it was said. For this matter, the organization such as NASA and DoD in USA defines the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) as a quantitative accomplishment management index and utilize the Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA) system as a criterion. Such tool is evaluated as very effective in the R&D project purposed the practicalization. It is expected that the disadvantage of evaluation system which is oriented to the academic accomplishment in its contents of current research and to contribute greatly to the practicalization of outcomes when such technology readiness level concept is applied to Korean national construction and transportation R&D project. Accordingly, this study analyzed the concept of TRL·TRA, the characteristics and current evaluation management system of Korean national construction and transportation R&D project and suggested the construction and transportation R&D project TRL·TRA performance model to accomplish the practicalization purpose.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 유-투어 시스템의 합리적 행동이론(TRA)을 사용하여 관련 시사점을 제시하는 것이다. 여기서 크게 사용자 친숙성(인지적 요인), 인지된 유용성(정서적 요인)과 구매 의도(능동적 요인) 등 세 가지 구조로 연구 모형이 구성되었다. 본 연구는 총 153명의 응답자 표본을 갖고 분석하였는데, 적은 표본 수를 고려하여 PLS-SEM 방법을 적용하였다. 또한, 연구 모형 내 각 경로에서 비선형 관계를 탐색하기 위하여 WarpPLS 소프트웨어를 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 제안된 연구 모델은 통계적으로 유의하였고, 유투어 시스템이 제안된 TRA 이론의 적용 가능성을 보여 주었다. 또한, 추가 분석으로서, 연구 모형 내 각 경로에서 비선형 관계로서 J 형태의 가능성을 보여주면서, 종속요인에 부분적으로 부(-)의 영향이 있다는 사실을 보여 주었다. 그리고 구매의도의 기반이 되는 소득변수는 제안된 모형 내 각 경로에 조절적 효과를 줄 수 있음을 실증적으로 제시하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2012

Objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the application of a chemical exposure assessment tool for the Korean workplace. The Ministry of Employment and Labor in Korea (KMOEL) introduced the need for workplace risk assessments in 2011, requiring the Korean chemical industry to consider both domestic and international chemical regulation policies (e.g., estimations of exposure scenarios). Exposure scenarios are required in the European Union as part of material safety data sheets (MSDS) under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) system. Methods: Although many programs for the estimation of exposure have been developed worldwide, to date there is no standard for the Korean workplace. To develop programs suitable for the Korean workplace, we examined the applicability of the European Center for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals target risk assessment (ECETOC TRA), which is recommended by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA). Results: To investigate the applicability of the ECETOC TRA to Korean industry, this study simulated 15 industrial processes. The predicted respiratory exposures for four processes using origin input parameters were underestimated compared to the measured respiratory exposure. Using calibrated input parameters, results for two processes were underestimated compared to the measured respiratory exposure. This result suggests that the use of calibrated input parameters reduces the differences between predicted and measured respiratory exposure. Conclusions: we developed applicable exposure estimating method by modifying the ECETOC TRA program; one suggested the development of exposure estimating program that explains Korea domestic workplace exposure scenario.This study will support the introduction of exposure scenario in MSDS system and protect health of worker from hazardous chemical.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 1999

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyse factors related to the health promotion behavior or the basis of theory of reasoned action(TRA). Methods: 509 residents in the city of Kyunggi-do were selected through multistage random sampling. A structured questionnaire was developed or the basis of Triandis model and collected by interviewing. Results: Expectation toward act and social normative influence and age showed significant relationship to health promotion behavior, Also, facilitating factors, affective attitude, education level are indirectly related to health promotion behavior. Conclusions: The result suggest that TRA is useful in understanding the mechanism of health promotion behavior.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.3406-3418
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• 2022

Reversible data hiding is an algorithm that has ability to extract the secret data and to restore the marked image to its original version after data extracting. However, some previous schemes offered the low image quality of marked images. To solve this shortcoming, a new reversible data hiding scheme based on pixel value ordering and edge detection mechanism is proposed. In our proposed scheme, the edge image is constructed to divide all pixels into the smooth regions and rough regions. Then, the pixels in the smooth regions are separated into non overlapping blocks. Then, by taking advantages of the high correlation of current pixels and their adjacent pixels in the smooth regions, PVO algorithm is applied for embedding secret data to maintain the minimum distortion. The experimental results showed that our proposed scheme obtained the larger embedding capacity. Moreover, the greater image quality of marked images are achieved by the proposed scheme than that other previous schemes while the high EC is embedded.

• 4차산업연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2022

Purpose - The purposes of this research are: (1) Building and testing a research model that integrates Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) with fear, perceived risk, and health protocols; (2) Examining the impact of compliance with health protocols on consumer behavior when offline shopping. Research design, data, and methodology - The data collection uses the self-administered survey method, and the questionnaire is distributed online. A total of 504 Indonesian population aged 18 years old or more participate in this research. Data are analyzed using factor analysis, multiple regression, and multiple regression with interaction. Result - This study reveals several findings: (1) Attitude and subjective norm have a significant effect on offline shopping behavior; (2) fear has a direct and indirect effect on offline shopping behavior; (3) the effect of perceived risk on the intensity of offline shopping is determined by compliance with health protocols. Conclusion - This paper discusses the direct influence of attitudes and subjective norms on behavior. This research also integrates fear, perceived risk, and health protocol factors in TRA, which may not have been done much, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic context.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.72-85
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• 2021

Transfemoral access (TFA) is a widely used first-line approach for most peripheral vascular interventions. Since its introduction in cardiologic and neurointerventional procedures, several advantages of transradial access (TRA) over TFA have been demonstrated, such as patient preference, lower complication rates, early ambulation, and shorter hospital stay. However, studies reporting the safety and efficacy of this approach for peripheral vascular interventions performed by interventional radiologists are relatively few. This review aimed to summarize the technique and clinical applications of TRA in percutaneous transcatheter visceral artery embolization and the management of complications.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.460-467
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• 2018

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to estimate the inhalation exposure level of benzene for workers using Tier 1 exposure models ECETOC TRA (European Center for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals Target Risk Assessment) and Stoffenmanager, and to investigate their reliability for exposure assessment in K-REACH. Methods: Two exposure scenarios, 'manufacture of benzene' and 'use as solvents,' were developed for assessment of workers' exposure to benzene. The Process Category (PROC) for ECETOC TRA was collected from the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) registration dossier, and the Activity for Stoffenmanager was converted from PROC using translation of exposure models (TREXMO). The information related to exposure, such as working duration, Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE), Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV), and Risk Management Measure (RMM) were classified into high, medium, and low exposure conditions. The risk was determined by the ratio of the estimated exposure and occupational exposure limits of benzene. Results: Under high exposure conditions, the worker exposure level calculated from all PROCs and Activities exceeded the risk level, with the exception of PROC 1 and Activity 1. In the medium exposure condition, PROC 8a, 8b, and 9 and Activity 3, 7, and 8 all exceeded the risk, whereas in the low condition, all PROCs and Activities were determined to be safe. As a result, action corresponding with the low exposure condition is required to reduce the risk of exposure among workers in workplaces where benzene is manufactured or used as a solvent. In addition, the predicted exposure levels derived from the exposure models were lower than measured levels. The exposure levels estimated from Stoffenmanager were more conservative than those from ECETOC TRA. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of exposure models for exposure assessment through the example of occupational inhalation exposure assessment for benzene. For more active utilization of exposure models in K-REACH, the exact application of collected information and accurate interpretation of obtained results are necessary.