• 제목/요약/키워드: TR

검색결과 1,903건 처리시간 0.029초

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Negatively Regulates TR4 Activity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

  • Choi, Ho-Jung;Kim, Eung-Seok
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.381-388
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    • 2011
  • Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) play key roles in lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the effect of CLA on the transcriptional activity of TR4, an orphan nuclear receptor that plays an important role in lipid homeostasis. CLA increased TR4 gene mRNA level in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but inhibited TR4 transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. TR4 induced perilipin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating perilipin promoter activity. In a gel shift assay, TR4 bound direct to the putative TR4 response element in the perilipin promoter. Interestingly, CLA reduced the interaction between TR4 and consensus DR1, a well-known TR4 binding site. Additionally, CLA inhibited TR4-induced perilipin promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Together, our results suggest that CLA may play a role in lipid homeostasis in adipocytes by functionally regulating TR4.

The Yield and Economical Efficiency by Application Methods of Liquid Pig Manure on Forage Crops

  • Ahn, Chang-Hyun;Kim, Woo-Sik;Park, Jee-Sung;Ahn, In
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제46권6호
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    • pp.563-569
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    • 2013
  • This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of liquid-pig-manure application method (Tr.1: surface appl. LPM 150%, Tr.2: surface appl. LPM 50% + LPM 50%, Tr.3: chemical fertilizer, Tr.4: soil injection LPM 150%, Tr.5: soil injection LPM 50% + surface appl. 50%, Tr.6: no fertilizer) and the economic efficiency of yield on forage crops cultivaion. In barley cultivation experiment, Tr.5 was found to be best, showing the yield of 1,462 kg $10a^{-1}$, and followed by Tr.2(1,226 kg $10a^{-1}$), Tr.3(1,226 kg $10a^{-1}$), Tr.4(1,225 kg $10a^{-1}$) and Tr.1(1,209 kg $10a^{-1}$) in order. In maize cultivation experiment, Tr.4 was found to be best, showing the yield of 2,142 kg/10a, and followed by Tr.1(2,125 kg $10a^{-1}$), Tr.3(2,024 kg $10a^{-1}$), Tr.5(2,011 kg $10a^{-1}$) and Tr.2(1,925 kg 1$10a^{-1}$) in order. The income was showing 1,274,000 ~ 1,591,000 Won $10a^{-1}$ in barley, whereas 766,000-794,000 Won 1$10a^{-1}$ in maize. There was more economical efficiency in barley cultivation than maize cultivation. Rather than the LPM surface application, LPM soil injection was more effective.

Nur77 inhibits TR4-induced PEPCK expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

  • Park, Sung-Soo;Kim, Eung-Seok
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2012
  • Nur77 is a member of the nuclear receptor 4A (NR4A) subgroup, which has been implicated in energy metabolism. Although Nur77 is found in adipose tissue, where TR4 plays a key role in lipid homeostasis, the role of Nur77 in adipogenesis is still controversial. Although the Nur77 responsive element (AAAGGTCA) is partially overlapped with TR4-binding sites (AGGTCA $n$ AGGTCA: $n$=0-6), the regulatory role of Nur77 in TR4 function associated with adipocyte biology remains unclear. Here, we found that Nur77 inhibits adipogenesis and TR4 transcriptional activity. Treatment with a Nur77 agonist, 1,1-bis(3'-indolyl)-1-($p$-anisyl)-methane, during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation reduced adipogenesis. In reporter gene analysis, Nur77 specifically suppressed TR4 transcription activity but had little effect on $PPAR{\gamma}$ transcription activity. Consistently, Nur77 also suppressed TR4-induced promoter activity of the TR4 target gene PEPCK, which is known to be important for glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue. Furthermore, Nur77 suppressed TR4 binding to TR4 response elements without direct interaction with TR4, suggesting that Nur77 may inhibit TR4 transcription activity via binding competition for TR4-binding sites. Furthermore, DIM-C-$pPhOCH_3$ substantially suppressed TR4-induced PEPCK expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Together, our data demonstrate that Nur77 plays an inhibitory role in TR4-induced PEPCK expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Differential - Average Transmitted Reference Ultra Wide Band 통신 시스템 (Differential- Average Transmitted Reference Ultra Wide Band Communication System)

  • 김세권;김재운;신요안;노돈석
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제34권1C호
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    • pp.81-89
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    • 2009
  • 본 논문에서는 임펄스 라디오 기반의 D-ATR UWB (Differential-Average Transmitted Reference Ultra Wide Band) 시스템을 제안한다. 기존의 TR (Transmitted Reference), ATR (Average TR) 등의 TR-UWB 시스템은 송신기에서 참조 신호를 추가로 전송하므로 데이터 전송률이 절반으로 감소하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해 제안된 시스템의 송신기는 일반적인 D-TR (Differential-TR) 시스템과 같이 차동부호 방식을 사용한다. 또한, 제안된 D-ATR 시스템의 수신기는 일반적인 ATR 시스템과 유사하게 시스템의 비트오율 성능을 향상시키기 위해 수신된 참조 신호들을 재귀적으로 평균 취하여 자기상관에 사용되는 참조 템플릿의 신호대잡음비를 향상시킬 수 있는 구조로 설계된다. IEEE 802.15.4a UWB 다중경로 채널 모델에서 모의실험 결과, 제안된 D-ATR 시스템은 일반적인 D-TR 시스템에 비해 비트오율 성능이 크게 향상되는 것을 확인하였다.

스마트폰 대체재로서의 신뢰증강보는통신용 스마트안경 기술 (Smart Glasses Technologies for Trustworthy, Augmented Reality, See-Through Eyes-Direct Communications as Substitute for Smart Phones)

  • 송기봉;이준경;김광용;김건우;박소희;김태연;윤호선;이재호;김도형
    • 전자통신동향분석
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.58-70
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    • 2019
  • In this paper, we present the R&D status of ETRI's Trusted Reality (TR) project and its core technologies. ETRI's TR project focuses on the next-generation paradigm of smart phones, ETRI-TR Smart Glasses, which aims to provide the same features as those of smart phones without the involvement of any handheld device. Furthermore, they are characterized by additional features enabled by trustworthy VR/AR/MR/XR, such as privacy masking/unmasking, distributed structure of thin-client computing/networking among TR-Glasses, TR-LocalEdge, and TR-RemoteEdge, with novel see-through eyes-direct communication between IoT real/virtual objects and human eyes. Based on these core technologies of the ETRI's TR project, the human-held ETRI-TR Smart Glasses is expected to aid in the realization of XR vision with particularly more XR's safe_privacy on social life in the near future.

스마트 무인기 TR-E2S1 형상 풍동시험 결과 (Wind Tunnel Test of Smart Un-manned Aerial Vehicle(SUAV) for TR-E2S1 Configuration)

  • 윤성준;조태환;정진덕
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.295-305
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    • 2005
  • To improve the aerodynamic effciency of TR-E2, a new configuration so called TR-E2Sl was introduced. TR-2251 is composed of different wing airfoil section and T-tail shape compared with TR-E2. Wind tunnel test for TR-EBS1 had been performed by changing the incidence angles of wing and deflection angles of control surfaces such as elevator and rudder. Also the on/off effect of ventral fin attached underneath of AFT fuselage was tested. Test result showed that variations of wing incidence angle did not cause any severe differences in aerodynamic characteristics. Longitudinal and directional characteristics of TR-E2S1 show stable for the pitch and yaw motions. However, the lateral stability of TR-E2S1 is not stable for a certain control surface deflection.

초전형 적외선 센서용 PbTiO3/P(VDF/TrFE) 박막의 제조 및 특성 (Fabrication and characteristics PbTiO3/P(VDF/TrFE) thin films for pyroelectric infrared sensor)

  • 권성열
    • 센서학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.10-15
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    • 2003
  • 초전형 적외선 센서의 감지물질로 사용하기 위해 $PbTiO_3$/P(VDF/TrFE) 복합재료 박막을 스핀코팅방법을 사용하여 제작하였다. 시료는 65 wt% VDF와 35 wt% TrFE의 함량 P(VDF/TrFE) 분말을 사용하였으며 세라믹-고분자 복합재료를 제조하기 위하여 사용된 세라믹은 $PbTiO_3$ 분말을 사용하였다. 제조된 복합재료의 P(VDF/TrFE)와 $PbTiO_3$의 결합성을 확인하기 위해 제조된 박막의 표면은 SEM을 통해 관찰하였고 복합재료의 커패시턴스와 비유전율, 유전손실은 임피던스 분석기 (HP4192A)로 측정하였으며, 복합재료의 초전계수는 반도체 파라미터 분석기(HP4145B)로 조사하였다.

TR4 Inhibits LXR-mediated Decrease of Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

  • Choi, Ho-Jung;Kim, Eung-Seok
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.398-404
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    • 2011
  • TR4 has been suggested to play an important role in lipid metabolism in adipocytes. Although TR4 facilitates lipid accumulation during adipogenesis, the regulatory effect of TR4 on lipid storage in mature adipocytes remains unclear. We showed that TR4 inhibited the LXR agonist GW3965-mediated decrease of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A reporter gene analysis revealed that TR4 suppressed LXR${\alpha}$ transcriptional activity, although LXR${\alpha}$ was unable to affect TR4 transcriptional activity. Moreover, adding TR4 resulted in reduced LXR${\alpha}$ binding to the LXR responsive element in a gel shift assay. Additionally, the suppressive effect of GW3965 on perilipin expression and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was abolished by TR4 overexpression. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TR4 plays an inhibitory role in LXR${\alpha}$-mediated suppression of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This TR4 protective effect is mediated, in part, y blocking the suppressive effect of GW3965 on perilipin gene expression.

두 명의 사용자를 위한 무선 통신에서 유동적인 전송률 Back-off를 이용하는 지연 Time Reversal 기술 (Shifted Time Reversal Technique for Two-user Wireless Communication Using Variable Rate Back-off)

  • 씨깃;최승규;이충용
    • 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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    • 제48권5호
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    • pp.33-39
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    • 2011
  • 두명의 사용자를 위한 무선 통신에서 심볼 간 간섭 및 다중 접속 간섭을 최소화하는 유동적인 전송률 back-off 적용 지연 time reversal (TR) 기법의 성능을 평가하였다. 지연 TR 기법의 성능을 기존 full-rate TR과 full back-off TR의 성능과 비교하였으며, guard interval이 1보다 큰 경우 비트오차율 측면에서 지연 TR 기법의 성능이 full-rate TR이나 full back-off TR보다 우수함을 확인하였다.

석굴암의 돌은 말한다: 석불사 석굴의 건축 평면과 벽면 설계 (The Stones of Seokguram Speak: Floor Plan and Wall Design of Seokbulsa Grotto)

  • 윤재신
    • 건축역사연구
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.21-37
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the original floor plan and wall design of Seokbulsa Grotto in Kyungju; commonly known as 'Seokguram'. The paper presents an array of dimensional studies of the existing Seokguram to examine its architectural form, and infers the original floor plan and wall design of Seokbulsa Grotto. Seokbulsa Grotto is designed as a system of 'coherent modules' and was constructed using the dry stone method, which interlocks large stone modules into a whole that becomes the load-bearing structure itself. The design principles governing Seokbulsa Grotto are the spatial axis of symmetry, modular coordination, and the layout grid of a quarter Tang-Ruler(TR: 唐尺). Dimensional studies were conducted with these governing principles in mind and concludes the following about the original floor plan design. In the main chamber, Ansang-stone's radius is 12 TR, and Flagstone's radius is 12¼ TR. In the front chamber, the width between the two Ansang-stones facing each other is 22 TR and the longitudinal space depth is 12 TR, while the width between the two Flagstones facing each other is 22½ TR and Flagstone's depth is 12 TR. In the passageway, the width between the two Ansang-stones facing each other is 11½ TR and longitudinal space depth is 9 TR, while the width between the two Flagstones facing each other is 12 TR and Flagstone's depth is 7¾ TR. The distance from the center to the entrance line of the main chamber is 10½ TR. Therefore, the total longitudinal length of the Grotto is 43½ TR at the level of the Ansang-stones, and 44 TR at the level of the Flagstones.