• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

TPSN(Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks), the representative of time synchronization protocol for WSN(wireless sensor networks), was developed to provide higher synchronization accuracy and energy efficiency. So, TPSN's approach has been referenced by so many other WSN synchronization schemes till now. However, TPSN has a collision problem due to simultaneous transmission among competing nodes, which causes more network convergence delay for a network-wide synchronization. A Polling-based scheme for TPSN is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme not only shortens network-wide synchronization time of TPSN, but also reduce collision traffic which lead to needless power consumption. The proposed scheme's performance has been evaluated and compared with an original scheme by simulation. The results are shown to be better than the original algorithm used in TPSN.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1808-1815
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• 2016

TPSN(Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks), the representative of time synchronization protocol, has been already developed to provide time synchronization among nodes in wireless sensor networks. Even though the TPSN's method has been referenced by so many other time synchronization schemes for resource-constrained networks like wireless sensor networks or low power personal area networks, it has some inefficiency in terms of power consumption and network-wide synchronization time (or called convergence time). The main reason is that each node in TPSN needs waiting delay to solve the collision problem due to simultaneous transmission among competing nodes, which causes more power consumption and longer network convergence time for a network-wide synchronization. In this paper an improved scheme is proposed by changing message exchange method among nodes. The proposed scheme not only shortens network-wide synchronization time, but also reduce collision traffic which lead to needless power consumption. The proposed scheme's performance has been evaluated and compared with an original scheme by simulation. The results are shown to be better than the original algorithm used in TPSN.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.3A
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• pp.274-281
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• 2006

Sensor network applications need synchronized time extremely such as object tracking, consistent state updates, duplicate detection, and temporal order delivery. This paper describes reliable time synchronization protocol (RTSP) for wireless sensor networks. In the proposed method, synchronization error is decreased by creating hierarchical tree with lower depth and reliability is improved by maintaining and updating information of candidate parent nodes. The RTSP reduces recovery time and communication overheads comparing to TPSN when there are topology changes owing to moving of nodes, running out of energy and physical crashes. Simulation results show that RTSP has about 20% better performance than TPSN in synchronization accuracy. And the number of message in the RTSP is $20%{\sim}60%$ lower than that in the TPSN when nodes are failed in the network. In case of different transmission range of nodes, the communication overhead in the RTSP is reduced up to 40% than that in the TPSN at the maximum.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.322-330
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• 2007

Recent advances in wireless networks and low-cost, low-power design have led to active research in large-scale networks of small, wireless, low power sensors and actuators, In large-scale networks, lots of timing-synchronization protocols already exist (such as NTP, GPS), In ad-hoc networks, especially wireless sensor networks, it is hard to synchronize all nodes in networks because it has no infrastructure. In addition, sensor nodes have low-power CPU (it cannot perform the complex computation), low batteries, and even they have to have active and inactive section by periods. Therefore, new approach to time synchronization is needed for wireless sensor networks, In this paper, I propose Energy-Efficient Time Synchronization (EETS) protocol providing network-wide time synchronization in wireless sensor networks, The algorithm is organized two phase, In first phase, I make a hierarchical tree with sensor nodes by broadcasting "Level Discovery" packet. In second phase, I synchronize them by exchanging time stamp packets, And I also consider send time, access time and propagation time. I have shown the performance of EETS comparing Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks (TPSN) and Reference Broadcast Synchronization (RBS) about energy efficiency and time synchronization accuracy using NESLsim.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.194-196
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• 2011

일반적으로 센서 네트워크에서는 라우팅 트리를 구축한 후에 시간 동기화 작업을 따로 진행하였다. 그 때문에 패킷교환의 횟수가 늘어나고 전력의 소모를 유발한다. 본 논문에서는 라우팅 트리 구축과정에서 교환하는 정방향과 역방향의 패킷에 LTS(Lightweight Time Synchronization) 알고리즘 연산에 필요한 시간정보를 추가하여 플러딩 라우팅 트리 구축 알고리즘과 시간 동기화 과정을 결합한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한 일정한 라운드 시간을 사용하여 클럭 휨으로 인한 시간 오류를 보정하였다. 제안하는 알고리즘이 TPSN(Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks) 방식보다 적은 에너지를 사용하고 센서 노드들 간의 시간을 더욱 정교하게 동기화한다는 것을 NS2 시뮬레이터를 통해서 증명하였다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.18C no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

Usually time synchronization is performed after routing tree is constructed. This thesis proposes a time synchronization algorithm combined with single-flooding routing tree construction algorithm in a single path. TSRA (Time Synchronization Routing Algorithm) uses routing packets to construct a routing tree. Two types of time information are added to the routing packet: one is the packet receiving time, and the other is the packet sending time. Time offset and transmission time-delay between parent node and child node could be retrieved from the added time information using LTS (Lightweight Time Synchronization) algorithm. Then parent node sends the time offset and transmission time to children nodes and children nodes can synchronize their time to the parent node time along the routing tree. The performance of proposed algorithm is compared to the TPSN (Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks) which is known to have high accuracy using NS2 simulation tool. The simulation result shows that the accuracy of time synchronization is comparable to TPSN, the synchronization time of all sensor nodes is faster than TPSN, and the energy consumption is less than TPSN.