• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2011

During the development of low band-gap organic materials(p-type semiconducting organic compounds) for organic solar cells, an oligomer consisting of 2,5-dioctyloxyphenylene(OP), 3-hexylthiophene(HT), and 2,3-dimethylthieno[ 3,4-b]pyrazine(TP) as repeat units, oligo(OP-HT-TP), was synthesized. The oligomer was amorphous in nature in the temperature range studied, and well soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform. The maximum absorption wavelength was 716 nm in solid state. The band-gap and HOMO/LUMO energy levels of oligo(OP-HT-TP) were measured to be 1.20 eV and -5.27/4.04 eV, respectively. However, the absorbance of the oligomer at maximum absorption wavelength was less than one fifth of that of poly(3-hexylthiophene) which has been most frequently used in fabrication of organic solar cells.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.11_12
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• pp.654-662
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• 2005

Mobile portable devices for wireless network solely depend on a limited battery power. Therefore, we need to design for wireless communication protocols with an energy efficiency. TCP-Westwood is one of the most important approaches on TCP performance improvement in wireless environments that estimates the available bandwidth by using the sampling mechanism. The advantage is that data can be transmitted efficiently using the estimation of available bandwidth. However, when the sender with TCP-Westwood is in a wireless environment, it does not consider of the sampling mechanism operation. In this thesis, a new energy saving transport protocol, called E2TP(Energy Efficient Transport Protocol), is proposed to solve problems which occur when the sender with TCP-Westwood is in a wireless environment. Also, when there are packet loss while doing frequent link error in a wireless environment, E2TP provides the instantaneous segment size adjustment for a more efficient data retransmission. The simulation result proves that the proposed E2TP has better performance in energy efficiency and throughput than both TCP and TCP-Westwood.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2007

Once diagnosed as "cell paucity"or "atypia" by the cytospin (CS) preparation, this CS preparation does not secure a precise diagnosis by repeated testing alone. Although the ThinPrep (TP) preparation is acknowledged to show increased cellularity, performing the screening tests for the cases that have enough cellularity, according to CS, raises issues for the cost-effectiveness. To obtain a more precise diagnosis through increasing the cellularity by performing TP, we selected the cases that were diagnosed as "cell paucity" or "atypia" by CS, but they required a more precise diagnosis, and the samples were processed via both CS and TP to compare the results. 11 patients diagnosed as "cell paucity" and 22 patients diagnosed as "atypia" by CS participated in this study. When the detection rate of atypical cells in both preparations with repeated urine cytology was compared, the overall detection rate of TP (16cases, 48.5%) was superior than that of CS (11cases, 33.3%), with statistical significance. The cellularity of both preparations was compared on repeated urine cytology; the general cellularity of TP (29cases, 87.9%) was higher than that of CS (20cases, 60.6%), but there was no statistical significance. Particularly, we repeated the TP for the 1 case that was diagnosed as "atypia" and we performed polyoma virus immunohistochemical staining, which confirmed polyoma virus. In conclusion, we can avoid obtaining negative diagnosis from cases with uncertain "atypia" or "cell paucity" by performing repeated TP testing.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.284-290
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the sensory and mechanical characteristics, moisture content and color values of Sulgidduk added with different amounts of 4 types of tangerine peel powder; 0% (TP-0 group), 1% (TP-1 group), 2% (TP-2 group), 3% (TP-3 group), and 4% (TP-4 group). As a result of analysis the texture of Sulgidduk tangerine peel powder, its hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and gumminess increased, whereas adhesiveness, chewiness did not have significant differences. The moisture content of Sulgidduk with tangerine peel powder ranged from 37% to 39%. The L-value of the color decreased with an increase in tangerine peel powder; however, the a-value and b-value of the color increased with an increase in tangerine peel powder. According to the sensory evaluation, TP3 had the highest values in color and moistness. Based on the results, it is considered that the most desirable ratio is tangerine peel powder TP3. Thus, the importance of the overall scores for taste and CP3 deems the results of treatment, which were highly appreciated. CP3 treatment and the overall acceptability chewy sweet in taste and was rated significantly higher. Hence, the results of the study support the benefits of tangerine peel powder supplementation in Sulgidduk in the aspects of taste and functionality. The degree of a further increase in Sulgidduk with tangerine peel powder, without causing an adverse quality effect, remains for future study.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 1978

0.02 mg of Korean ginseng total saponins, and/or 0.01 mg of diol- and/or triol-saponin per 10g of boby weight per day were subcutaneously injected in mice weighing about 20g. The changes of tryptophan pyrrolase (TP) activity in vivo were determined and the following results were obtained. 1. With total saponins treatment, TP activity increased slightly after 3 hours, which was not statistically significant. The activity returned to its control level after 24 hours. One week treatment caused a significant. The activity returned to its control level after 24 hours. One week treatment caused a significant 61.11% increase. 2. With diol-saponin treatment, TP activity increased slightly after 3 hours, which was not significant. The activity increased 64.98% after 12 hours, and then again returned to its control level after 24 hours. One week treatment caused a significant 100.58% increase. 3. With triol-saponin treatment, TP activity increased 59.17% after 3 hours and it returned to its control level after 24 hours. One week treatment caused a significant 66.98% increase.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

The self-splicing group I intron from Tetrahymena thermophila has been demonstrated to perform splicing reaction with its substrate RNA in the trans configuration. In this study, we explored the potential use of the trans-splicing group I ribozymes to replace a specific RNA with a new RNA that exerts any new function we want to introduce. We have chosen thymidine phosphorylase (TP) RNA as a target RNA that is known as a valid cancer prognostic factor. Cancer-specific expression of TP RNA was first evaluated with RT-PCR analysis of RNA from patients with gastric cancer. We determined next which regions of the TP RNA are accessible to ribozymes by employing an RNA mapping strategy, and found that the leader sequences upstream of the AUG start codon appeared to be particularly accessible. A specific ribozyme recognizing the most accessible sequence in the TP RNA with firefly luciferase transcript as a 3' exon was then developed. The specific trans-splicing ribozyme transferred an intended 3' exon tag sequence onto the targeted TP transcripts, resulting in a more than two fold induction of the reporter activity in the presence of TP RNA in mammalian cells, compared to the absence of the target RNA. These results suggest that the Tetrahymena ribozyme can be a potent anti-cancer agent to modify TP RNAs in tumors with a new RNA harboring anti-cancer activity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.523-532
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• 2011

In this study, from 2004 to 2008 influents and discharging effluents from 241 municipal public sewage treatment plants were surveyed. Statistics including average, Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Coefficient of Reliability (COR) for each season, time series analysis for removal efficiency and water quality of effluents, and a comparison of the effluent standards in Korea and other countries were presented. The average concentrations of TN and TP in influents. during winter season were 32.6 and 3.78 mg/L and during other season were 30.8 and 3.61 mg/L in 2008, respectively. The average TN concentration on the basis of the maximum monthly concentrations in the effluents during winter season ranged from 14.2~17.4 mg/L and during other season ranged from 12.2~14.8 mg/L. The TP concentration in the effluents depending on the each season was no big difference. TN removal efficiency decreased from Jan. to Feb. and TP removal efficiency decreased in Jan., Jun and July. Maximum COR during winter season were 0.61 but the COR for TN and TP during other season ranged from 0.96~1.48 and 1.09~1.81, respectively, due to big difference in the standard for TN and TP in effluents depending on the season. TN and TP standards for effluent of sewage treatment during winter season in Korea was much higher than those in other countries. Therefore the lower effluent standards during winter season is essential for the water quality improvement.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.204-216
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• 2021

It is important to understand the factors influencing the temporal and spatial variability of water quality in order to establish an effective customized management strategy for contaminated aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the spatial diversity of the 5-year (2015 - 2019) average total phosphorus (TP) concentration observed in 40 Total Maximum Daily Loads unit-basins in the Nakdong River watershed was analyzed using 50 predictive variables of watershed characteristics, climate characteristics, land use characteristics, and soil characteristics. Cross-correlation analysis, a two-stage exhaustive search approach, and Bayesian inference were applied to identify predictors that best matched the time-averaged TP. The predictors that were finally identified included watershed altitude, precipitation in fall, precipitation in winter, residential area, public facilities area, paddy field, soil available phosphate, soil magnesium, soil available silicic acid, and soil potassium. Among them, it was found that the most influential factors for the spatial difference of TP were watershed altitude in watershed characteristics, public facilities area in land use characteristics, and soil available silicic acid in soil characteristics. This means that artificial factors have a great influence on the spatial variability of TP. It is expected that the proposed statistical modeling approach can be applied to the identification of major factors affecting the spatial variability of the temporal average state of various water quality parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.265-265
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• 2023

유역모형을 통해 우심하천을 제시하는 방법은 많은 노력과 시간이 요구되는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 국가배출부하량 자료를 사용하여 간단하게 오염원별/오염물질별 수질 관리가 요구되는 하천을 선정하는 방법을 제시하고, 우심하천을 선정하였다. 적용 유역은 한강 수계에서 가장 복합한 댐 유역인 충주댐 유역으로 결정하였다. 충주댐 유역의 소유역별 배출부하량을 활용해 하천 관점의 배출부하량을 산정하였다. 하천 관점의 배출부하량 (Stream Total Loads, STL로 명명)은 임의의 하천으로 유입되는 모든 소유역의 배출부하량 합계를 면적 합계로 나누어 산정하는 방법이며, 임의의 하천 지점에서 상류의 모든 소유역이 포함된 단위면적당 배출부하를 의미한다. 따라서 댐 유역 말단의 STL은 유역 전체의 단위면적당 배출부하로 표현되며, 유역 전체의 STL보다 높은 소유역이 연결된 하천을 댐 호소 관점에서 볼 때 관리가 필요한 하천이라 할 수 있다. 댐 유역 말단의 STL은 점오염원-BOD 0.617 kg/km²/day, 점오염원-TP 0.038 kg/km²/day, 비점오염원-BOD 2.909 kg/km²/day, 비점오염원-TP 0.237 kg/km²/day로 산정되었다. 점오염원에 대한 BOD 관리하천은 창리천, 장평천, 지장천하류 등 15개 소유역, TP 관리하천은 주천강시점, 창리천, 주천강상류 등 20개 소유역으로 나타났다. 비점오염에 대한 BOD 관리하천은 주천강시점, 장평천, 제천천하류 등 13개 소유역, TP 관리하천은 주천강시점, 장평천, 주천강상류 등 16개 소유역으로 나타났다. 또한 전체 배출부하에 대한 비점오염원의 배출부하비는 BOD 82.5%, TP 86.2%로 점오염원보다 높았다. 따라서 우선 관리 대상 하천은 TP 비점오염원, BOD 비점오염원, TP 점오염원, BOD 점오염원 순으로 계획될 필요가 있다. 향후 유역 모델링을 수행하고, STL 산정 결과와 비교하여 우심 하천 선정에 대한 적합성을 평가할 예정이다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2022

Background: A previous study reported that hyperlipidemia increases the incidence of tears in the rotator cuff tendon and affects healing after repair. The aim of our study was to compare the gene and protein expression of torn rotator cuff tendons in patients both with and without hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Thirty patients who provided rotator cuff tendon samples were classified into either a non-hypercholesterolemia group (n=19, serum total cholesterol [TC] <200 mg/dL) and hypercholesterolemia group (n=11, serum TC ≥240 mg/dL) based on their concentrations of serum TC. The expression of various genes of interest, including COL1A1, IGF1, IL-6, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, TNMD, and TP53, was analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, Western blot analysis was performed on the proteins encoded by interleukin (IL)-6 and TP53 that showed significantly different expression levels in real-time qRT-PCR. Results: Except for IGF1, the gene expression levels of IL-6, MMP2, MMP9, and TP53 were significantly higher in the hypercholesterolemic group than in the non-hypercholesterolemia group. Western blot analysis confirmed significantly higher protein levels of IL-6 and TP53 in the hypercholesterolemic group (p<0.05). Conclusions: We observed an increase in inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in hypercholesterolemic patients with rotator cuff tears. Increased levels of IL-6 and TP53 were observed at both the mRNA and protein levels. We suggest that the overexpression of IL-6 and TP53 may be a specific feature in rotator cuff disease patients with hypercholesterolemia.